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第=page11页,共=sectionpages11页2023-2024学年安徽省芜湖市高一(上)期末英语试卷一、阅读理解:本大题共15小题,共37.5分。APet-friendlytrainridesWhynotconsideragreatpet-friendlytrainrideonyournexttrip?Youcanenjoythelocallandscapeswhilemakingwonderfulmemorieswithyourpet.
SkunkTrain—California
LocatedinNorthernCalifornia'sMendocinoCounty,the131-year-oldSkunk
Traintravelsthroughgrasslandsandmountains.Itofferstworoutechoices.
NoyoRiverCanyon—LeavingfromFortBragg,thistriprunsalongthePuddingCreekEstuaryandthensnakesalongtheNoyoRiver.
CoastalRangeandRedwoods—LeavingfromWillitsandtravelingtoNorthspur,thismountainousroutetravels8.5milesoftrack.
PetPolicy:Dogsaretheonlypetsallowedontheplane,andyouneedtopay$10foryourdogtoridethetrain.
OregonCoastScenicRailroad-Oregon
TheOregonCoastScenicRailroadrunsdailycoastaltripsbetweenGaribaldiandRockawayBeachfrommid-JunetoearlySeptember.WeekendservicelastsfromlateMaytotheendofSeptember.
PetPolicy:Well-behaveddogsarewelcome.Thestaffasksthatfamilieswithdogssitintheopencars,whichoffermorespacetothem.
MonticelloRailwayMuseum—Illinois
TheMonticelloRailwayMuseumisopenfortrainridesonSaturdaysandSundaysfromMaythroughOctoberaspartofthemuseum'seducationalmission.Visitorscangetonthetrainattwostations.You'rewelcometovisitthethemuseumgiftshop.
PetPolicy:petscanridethetrainforfree.Alltypesofpetsarewelcome.
Oil&CreekTitusvilleRailroad—Pennsylvania
ThistrainrideleavesfromPerryStreetStationinTitusville,Pennsylvania.Onthis3-hourround-tripride,you'lllearnaboutthehistoryofPennsylvania'soilindustrywhileyouwatchforducks,deer,andpossiblyablackbear.
PetPolicy:Dogscanridethetrainatacostof$5.Someonemuststaywiththedogatyourseat;youcannotwalkaroundthetrainwithyourdog.1.WhatisspecialaboutSkunkTrain?______A.Itisfreeforpets. B.Ithastworoutesavailable.
C.Itfeatureseducationaltrips. D.Itisanewly-startedtrainride.2.Whichtrainridewelcomespetsofanykind?______A.SkunkTrain B.MonticelloRailwayMuseum
C.OregonCoastScenicRailroad D.OilCrock&TitusvilleRailroad3.WhatcanpassengersdoontheOilCreekTitusvilleRailroad?______A.Watchwildanimalsalongthetrip.
B.Visitthegiftshopateitherstation.
C.Walkaroundthetrainwiththeirdog.
D.LearnaboutthehistoryofIllinois'oilindustry.BManypupilsinschoolthinkofscienceasjustanothersubjectonthetime-tablecontainingmorefactstobelearned.Thisiswrong.Sciencedoesnotmeanbelievingandrememberingwhatotherpeopletellus.Therealscientistexaminesfactsinordertofindoutthetruthforhimself.Thisiscalledthescientificmethod.
Letusseehowscientistsworkandwhatismeantbythescientificmethod.Inthesedayswehearalotaboutscience,butscientists,themenandwomen,whodotheworkandmakethediscoveries,seemdistantandstrangetous.Scienceoftenappearstobeverydifficult,andsometimesevenakindofmagic.Certainlywefeelweshallneverbeabletounderstandhowitworks.Itisdifficultofcourse,butIthinkwearewrongifwebelievethatwecannotunderstandit.Theimportantthingaboutthescientificmethodisthatwegetanswerstoquestionsbymakingtests.Wedonotjustguesstheanswerorbelievewhatanybodytellsus.Infact,insimplewaysweallusethescientificmethodeveryday.
Wecanseefromverysimpleexamplesthatthescientificmethodisnotonlyfortheuseofafewpeoplecalledscientists,butsomethingwecanallusewithadvantage.Butpatienceandhard,carefulworkarenecessarytofindoutthetruth.4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?______A.Thescientificmethod. B.Thesciencesubject.
C.Thescientificdiscoveries. D.Therealscientists.5.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragreewith?______A.Weallunderstandhowscienceworks.
B.Wearefamiliarwithmostscientists.
C.Wesometimesfeelscienceconfusing.
D.Weknowanswersbymakingguesses.6.Whocanusethescientificmethod?______A.Thescientists. B.Schoolpupils. C.TheScholars. D.Everyone.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?______A.Thescientificmethodistoodifficulttouse.
B.Wecanfindoutthetruthfromverysimpleexamples.
C.Careanddiligenceisimportantforthescientificmethod.
D.Thescientificmethodisonlyfortheuseofafewpeople.CABritishwomanwhowona﹩1millionprizeaftershewasnamedtheWorld'sBestTeacherwillusethecashtobringinspirationalfiguresintoUKschools.
AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroomrevolution(变革)."Wearegoingtomakeachange,"shesaid."I'vestartedaprojecttopromotetheteachingoftheartsinourschools."
Theprojectresultsfromthedifficultiesmanyschoolshaveingettingartistsofanysort-whetheranup-and-cominglocalmusicianoramajormoviestar-intoschoolstoworkwithandinspirechildren.
ZafirakoubegantheprojectatAlpertonCommunitySchoolherplaceofworkforthepasttwelveyears."I'veseenthosemagicmomentswhenchildrenaretalkingtosomeonetheyareinspiredby-theireyesareshiningandtheirfaceslightup,"shesaid."Weneedartists.morethaneverinourschools."
ArtistMichaelCraig-Martinsaid:"Andria'sbrilliantprojecttobringartistsfromallfieldsintodirectcontactwithchildrenisparticularlywelcomeatatimewhentheartsarebeingdowngradedinschools."Itwasamistaketoseetheartsasunnecessary,headded.
HistorianSirSimonSchamaisalsoasupporteroftheproject.Hesaidthatartseducationinschoolswasnotjustanadd-on."Itisabsolutelynecessary.Thefuturedependsoncreativityandcreativitydependsontheyoung.Whatwillremainofuswhenartificialintelligencetakesoverwillbeourcreativity,anditisourcreativespirit,ourvisionarysenseoffreshness,thathasbeenourstrengthforcenturies."8.WhatwillZafirakoudowithherprizemoney?______A.Makeamovie. B.Buildnewschools.
C.Runaproject. D.Helplocalmusicians.9.WhatdoesCraig-MartinthinkoftheteachingoftheartsinUKschools?______A.Itisparticularlydifficult. B.Itincreasesartists'income.
C.Itopenschildren'smind. D.Itdeservesgreaterattention.10.WhatshouldbestressedinschooleducationaccordingtoSchama?______A.Moralprinciples. B.Interpersonalskills.
C.Creativeabilities. D.Positiveworldviews.11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?______A.BringArtiststoSchools B.WhenHistoriansMeetArtists
C.ArtsEducationinBritain D.TheWorld'sBestArtsTeacherDOwningapet,likeadogoracat,especiallyforfiveyearsormore,maybelinkedtoslowercognitivedecline(认知衰退)inolderadults,accordingtoanewstudy.
"Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatthehuman-animallinkmayhavehealthbenefitslikedecreasingbloodpressureandstress,"saidthestudyauthorTiffanyBraley."Ourresultssuggestraisingpetmayalsobeprotectiveagainstcognitivedecline."
Thestudylookedatcognitivedatafrom1.369senioradultswithanaverageageof65whohadnormalcognitiveskillsatthestartofthestudy.Atotalof53%ownedpetsand32%werelong-termpetownerswhoownedpetsforfiveyearsormore.
ResearchersuseddatafromtheHealthandRetirementStudy.Inthatstudy,peopleweregivenseveralcognitivetests.Researchersusedthosecognitiveteststorecordcognitivescoreforeachperson,rangingfrom0to27.Thescoreincludedcommontestsofsubtraction(减法),numbercountingandwordmemory.Researchersthenusedparticipants'cognitivescorestojudgetheconnectionsbetweenyearsofpetownershipandcognitivefunction.
Oversixyears,thecognitivescoresdecreasedataslowerrateinpetowners.Thisdifferencewasstrongeramonglong-termpetowners.Consideringotherfactorsknowntoaffectcognitivefunction,thestudyshowedthatlong-termpetownersusuallyhadahighercognitivescorecomparedtonon-petowners.Theresearchersalsofoundthatthecognitivebenefitsconnectedwithlongerpetownershipwerestrongerforcollegeeducatedadultsandmen.
"Asstresscannegativelyaffectcognitivefunction,thepossiblestress-reducingeffectsofpetownershipcouldprovideaproperreasonforourfindings,"saidBraley.12.WhatisthefindingofTiffanyBraley'sstudy?______A.Bothdogsandcatsmakeperfectpets.
B.Petsmayhelpkeepthebrainworkwell.
C.Femalestendtobelong-termpetowners.
D.Ahuman-animallinkhelpsdecreasebloodpressure.13.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudy?______A.Byreferringtopreviousstudies.
B.Bymonitoringseveralcognitivetests.
C.Bytrackingthechangesincognitivescores.
D.BycorrectingdatafromtheHealthandRetirementStudy.14.WhatisBraley'sattitudetowardsthestudyresults?______A.Puzzled. B.Cautious. C.Surprised. D.Unsatisfied.15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?______A.Whyshouldwekeeppets?
B.Howlongshouldwekeeppets?
C.Doesthehuman-animallinkhavehealthbenefits?
D.Dopetshaveapositiveeffectonpeople'sbrainhealth?二、阅读七选五:本大题共5小题,共12.5分。ThetraditionalChinesesolarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms(节气).StartofAutumn,the13thsolartermoftheyear,beginsthisyearonAug8andendsonAug22.StartofAutumnmeanstheendofsummerandthebeginningofautumn.(1)______.ThefollowingarefourthingsyoushouldknowaboutStartofAutumn.
Gatheringcrops
(2)______.Itistimetogathercrops.Thereisasaying:"IfitrainsonthedayoftheStartofAutumn,agoodharvestisexpected."
Eatingpeaches
InHangzhou,peopleeatpeachesandprayhealthontheStartofAutumnday.ThepeachstonesarekeptuntilNewYear'sEveandthrownintothestove,burnedintoash.Peoplebelievedthatinthisway,(3)______.
Eatingdumplings
InShandongprovince,peoplemakedumplingsduringtheStartofAutumn,andtheycallit"EatingtheAutumn".OnthedayofStartofAutumn,seniormembersofthefamilywillstandinthemiddleofthehall,theyworship(敬奉;信奉)abowlofcereal,and(4)______.MostofthefamilieswilleatdumplingstogetherafterStartofAutumndayandhavethethirstformorecrops.
Eatinggourds(瓜)
DuringtheQingDynasty(1644-1911),althoughStartofAutumnindicatesthebeginningofautumn,hotweatherwillnotcometoanend.PeoplewouldputgourdsoutsideforadaybeforetheStartofAutumn,and(5)______.TodaypeopleinTianjinbelievethateatingmelonssuchastowelgourd,whitegourdandbittergourdcanpreventdiarrhea(腹泻)inautumnandthecomingwinterandspring.
A.theyprayfortheharvestinautumn
B.Thefruitfulseasoniscoming
C.theyeatthemonStartofAutumndaytodriveoffthesummerheat
D.StartofAutumnisabigsolartermforfarmers
E.theysincerelyprayforgod
F.plagues(瘟疫)couldbepreventedforthewholeyear
G.theywillgetawayfromghosts16.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空:本大题共15小题,共15分。"Dowhatyoulove,notwhatotherstellyouisright,"saidGeorgiaLines.Recently,Iinterviewedthe24-year-oldsinger-songwriteraboutherriseto(1)______.In2022,GeorgiawasnamedthegreatartistoftheyearattheAotearoaMusicAwardsceremony.
Georgia'ssuccesslooks(2)______,butshehasworkedhardtoperfecthercraft(技艺)."IlovewhatIdo,"shesaid."IloveitwhenIget.(3)______inthemusic,andeverythingworkstogether."Georgiahaswrittenmorethan20(4)______andworkedtogetherwithseveraltop(5)______.Whensheworkswithothers,sheworks(6)______astheycanexchangeideaswitheachother.Whenaskedabouthermusical(7)______,Georgiasmiled."Ihadnomusicaltalentasachild,andI'dneverthoughtIcouldreachthem,"shesaid."ButI(8)______lovedsingingandmusic."
Someenthusiasticcrowdsalways(9)______herconcerts,andGeorgianever(10)______them.Asanartist,Georgiahasa(n)(11)______mind.Shesaid,"Inevercomparemyselfwithothers.Ijust(12)______doingwhatIlove."Thatmeans,focusingonherownartistic(13)______."Comparisonisthe(14)______ofsuccess,"shesaid."IfIhadstoppedto(15)______myselfwithothers,Iwouldn'thavemadeitasfarasIhave."21.A.power B.success C.concern D.luck22.A.easy B.special C.different D.clear23.A.lost B.stuck C.hurt D.locked24.A.reports B.comments C.songs D.novels25.A.reporters B.workers C.actors D.artists26.A.longer B.better C.faster D.harder27.A.dreams B.styles C.abilities D.performances28.A.hardly B.seldom C.always D.sometimes29.A.lookdownon B.lookforwardto C.lookthrough D.lookinto30.A.amuses B.recognizes C.defeats D.fails31.A.interesting B.ordinary C.peaceful D.competitive32.A.practice B.continue C.finish D.avoid33.A.disadvantage B.education C.experiments D.achievements34.A.thief B.secret C.mother D.price35.A.share B.replace C.connect D.compare四、语法填空:本大题共1小题,共15分。36.Thecoloroftheoceanhaschanged(1)______(great)recentlyandhuman-causedclimatechangeisresponsible,accordingto(2)______newstudy.
Morethan56%oftheworld'soceanshavechangedcolor,(3)______cannotbeexplained,saidateamofresearchers,ledbyscientistsfromtheNationalOceanographyCenterintheUK.
Tropical(热带的)oceansclosetotheequator(4)______(become)greenerinthelast20years,accordingtothestudy(5)______(publish)inthejournalNature.
"(6)______isnotclearexactlyhowtheseecosystemsarechanging",saidStephaniefromtheCenterforGlobalChangeScience."Allchangesarecausinganimbalanceinthenaturalorganizationofecosystems.Suchimbalancewillonlyget(7)______(bad)overtimeifouroceanskeepheating,"shetoldCNN.
Thoughtheresearchersarestillworkingtounderstandexactly(8)______thechangesmean,theysaidwhatisclearisthatthechangesarebeingdriven(9)______humanbehavior.
Theresearchersstudiedchangesinoceancolorfromspaceby(10)______(watch)howmuchgreenorbluelightisreflectedfromthesurfaceofthesea.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达:本大题共2小题,共40分。37.某英文报社正在进行征文活动,主题是"TheImportanceofLifelongLearning"。请你写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
(1)什么是终身学习;
(2)终身学习的重要性。
注意:写作词数应为80左右。
TheImportanceofLifelongLearning______38.Amongthedecorativethingsinafifteen-year-oldgirl'sroom,onestoodout—abrightbluevase(花瓶).Notaperfectorbeautifulvase,it'sbrokeninseveralplaces.Theownerofthevasehascarefullyrepairedit,butcracksremain.Ifthisvasecouldtalk,itwouldtellthestoryoftwogirlsandafriendship.
AmyandJunemetonanairplaneontheirwayhomefromBangkokwheretheirfathers,whowerebusinesspartners,wereattendingmeetings.JunesatbehindAmy.Halfwaytowardhome.AmyturnedaroundandgaveJuneabrightbluevase.Juneacceptedit.Theysmiledshylyateachother.Onthatday,asimplefriendshipbetweentwofour-year-oldgirlswasbuilt.
Yearsflewby.AmyandJunegrewuptogether,playedtogether,studiedtogetherand,naturally,becameclosestfriends.Theysupportedandcomfortedeachotherwhenevertheotherfacedsadness,embarrassment,etc.
However,lifeisn'tabedofroses.Peoplechangeastheygrowup.Sometimesthesechangesarehardtoaccept.Andeventhefriendshipcanbedestroyed.WhenAmywas14,sheadmiredagroupofverypopulargirlsinherandJune'sschool.Thus.Amybeganhangingoutwiththemandregardedthemashergoodfriends.
AlthoughJunewashurt,shetriedtobeunderstanding.ShewasstillthereforAmyeachtimeAmyfoundthepopulargirlsdidn'tseemtolikeherandneededashouldertocryon.ButAmywasn'ttherewhenJuneneededher.
Upsetaboutthestateoftheirfriendship,JunefinallyinvitedAmytoherhousetotalk.WhenJunetriedtotalkaboutherdifficultiesandherproblems,Amyturnedherbackonherbysaying."Later."Instead,AmyaskedJuneforideasforwhatshecoulddotobeacceptedbythegroupofgirls.Junebecameangry.
Sheshouted,"WhatamItoyou,Amy?Yourfriendorjustyourlittledog?"Amywasannoyedandshoutedback."Thatisit.June!Ihateyou!"
AmyrushedoutofJune'sroom,shuttingthedoorhardbehindher.
注意:
(1)续写词数应为150左右;
(2)请按如下格式作答。
Abluevaseontheshelfjumpedandfellontothefloor,breakingintopieces.______
WhenJuneopenedthedoor,Amyhandedheragift,saying."Hap,happybirthday.June!"______
答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、B、A【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据SkunkTrain—California部分第二段Itofferstworoutechoices.(它提供两个路线选择)可知,SkunkTrain有两个可以利用的路线。故选B。
(2)细节理解题。根据MonticelloRailwayMuseum—Illinois部分第二段PetPolicy:petscanridethetrainforfree.Alltypesofpetsarewelcome.(宠物政策:宠物可以免费乘坐火车。欢迎所有类型的宠物。)可知,MonticelloRailwayMuseum欢迎各种各样的动物。故选B。
(3)细节理解题。根据Oil&CreekTitusvilleRailroad—Pennsylvania部分第一段Onthis3-hourround-tripride,you'lllearnaboutthehistoryofPennsylvania'soilindustrywhileyouwatchforducks,deer,andpossiblyablackbear.(在这3小时的往返旅程中,你将了解宾夕法尼亚州石油工业的历史,同时观察鸭子、鹿,可能还有黑熊。)可知,乘客在OilCreekTitusville铁路上可以沿途观赏野生动物。故选A。
本文为应用文。本文介绍了几个宠物友好的火车旅行地点,包括加州的SkunkTrain、俄勒冈州的OregonCoastScenicRailroad、伊利诺伊州的MonticelloRailwayMuseum和宾夕法尼亚州的Oil&CreekTitusvilleRailroad。这些地方都允许宠物搭乘火车,并且有不同的政策和要求。旅客可以在火车上欣赏当地的风景,同时和自己的宠物一起度过美好的时光。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析。4~7.【答案】A、C、D、C【解析】(1)主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Sciencedoesnotmeanbelievingandrememberingwhatotherpeopletellus.Therealscientistexaminesfactsinordertofindoutthetruthforhimself.Thisiscalledthescientificmethod.(科学并不意味着相信和记住别人告诉我们的东西。真正的科学家检查事实是为了自己找出真相。这就是所谓的科学方法。)可知本文主要讲述了科学不只是记住别人告诉我们的事实,而是通过实验和观察来找出真相的方法。因此本文的主旨大意是A.Thescientificmethod.(科学的方法)。故答案为A。
(2)推理判断题。根据文章第二段Inthesedayswehearalotaboutscience,butscientists,themenandwomen,whodotheworkandmakethediscoveries,seemdistantandstrangetous.Scienceoftenappearstobeverydifficult,andsometimesevenakindofmagic(如今,我们听到很多关于科学的事情,但是科学家,那些从事工作和做出发现的男男女女,对我们来说似乎是遥远而陌生的。科学常常显得非常困难,有时甚至是一种魔法)可知作者同意我们有时感到科学令人困惑。故答案为C。
(3)细节理解题。根据文章第二段Infact,insimplewaysweallusethescientificmethodeveryday.(事实上,简单地说,我们每天都在使用科学方法。)可知每个人都能使用科学方法。故答案为D。
(4)推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Wecanseefromverysimpleexamplesthatthescientificmethodisnotonlyfortheuseofafewpeoplecalledscientists,butsomethingwecanallusewithadvantage.Butpatienceandhard,carefulworkarenecessarytofindoutthetruth.(我们可以从非常简单的例子中看出,科学方法不仅仅是供少数被称为科学家的人使用的,而是我们所有人都可以有利地使用的东西。但是耐心和艰苦细致的工作是查明真相所必需的。)可知细心和勤奋对科学方法很重要。故答案为C。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了科学不只是记住别人告诉我们的事实,而是通过实验和观察来找出真相的方法。
一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。8~11.【答案】C、A、C、A【解析】(1)C.细节理解题。根据文章第二段"AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroomrevolution."Wearegoingtomakeachange,"shesaid."I'vestartedaprojecttopromotetheteachingoftheartsinourschools"(伦敦北部中学教师AndriaZafirakou表示,她想掀起一场课堂革命。"我们将做出改变,"她说。"我已经启动了一个项目,以促进我们学校的艺术教学。")"可知,Zafirakou打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。
(2)A.推理判断题。根据文章第三段"Theprojectresultsfromthedifficultiesmanyschoolshaveingettingartistsofanysort-whetheranup-and-cominglocalmusicianoramajormoviestar-intoschoolstoworkwithandinspirechildren.(许多学校很难让任何类型的艺术家——无论是当地崭露头角的音乐家还是主要的电影明星——进入学校,与孩子们一起工作并激励他们,因此才有了这个项目。)"可知,Craig-Martin认为,英国学校的艺术教学尤其困难。故选A。
(3)C.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段"Itisabsolutelynecessary.Thefuturedependsoncreativityandcreativitydependsontheyoung.(这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力,而创造力取决于年轻人。)"可知,Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C。
(4)A.标题归纳题。根据文章第二段"AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroomrevolution."Wearegoingtomakeachange,"shesaid."I'vestartedaprojecttopromotetheteachingoftheartsinourschools."(伦敦北部中学教师AndriaZafirakou表示,她想掀起一场课堂革命。"我们将做出改变,"她说。"我已经启动了一个项目,以促进我们学校的艺术教学。")"可知,文章讲述了AndriaZafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目,将艺术家带进学校,促进艺术教学。故选A。
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金,她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目,让艺术家进入学校。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。12~15.【答案】B、C、B、D【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据文章第二段Ourresultssuggestraisingpetmayalsobeprotectiveagainstcognitivedecline(我们的研究结果表明,养宠物也可以防止认知能力下降)可知蒂芙尼•布雷利的研究发现,宠物可能有助于保持大脑正常工作。故答案为B。
(2)推理判断题。根据文章第四段Inthatstudy,peopleweregivenseveralcognitivetests.Researchersusedthosecognitiveteststorecordcognitivescoreforeachperson,rangingfrom0to27.Thescoreincludedcommontestsofsubtraction(减法),numbercountingandwordmemory.Researchersthenusedparticipants'cognitivescorestojudgetheconnectionsbetweenyearsofpetownershipandcognitivefunction.(在那项研究中,人们接受了几项认知测试。研究人员使用这些认知测试记录每个人的认知得分,范围从0到27。该分数包括减法、数字计数和单词记忆的常见测试。研究人员随后利用参与者的认知得分来判断养宠物的年限与认知功能之间的联系。)可知研究人员通过跟踪认知得分的变化来进行研究。故答案为C。
(3)观点态度题。根据文章最后一段"Asstresscannegativelyaffectcognitivefunction,thepossiblestress-reducingeffectsofpetownershipcouldprovideaproperreasonforourfindings,"saidBraley.("由于压力会对认知功能产生负面影响,养宠物可能减轻压力的效果可以为我们的发现提供一个适当的理由,"布拉利说。)可知布雷利对研究结果的态度是谨慎的。故答案为B。
(4)标题归纳题。根据文章第一段Owningapet,likeadogoracat,especiallyforfiveyearsormore,maybelinkedtoslowercognitivedecline(认知衰退)inolderadults,accordingtoanewstudy.(根据一项新的研究,养一只宠物,比如一只狗或一只猫,尤其是养五年或更长时间,可能与老年人认知能力下降速度较慢有关。)可知本文主要讲述了宠物可能有助于保持大脑正常工作。因此D.Dopetshaveapositiveeffectonpeople'sbrainhealth?(宠物对人的大脑健康有积极影响吗?)是本文的最佳标题。故答案为D。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了一项新研究发现,拥有宠物,尤其是狗或猫,尤其是五年或更长时间,可能与老年人认知能力下降速度较慢有关。
一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。16~20.【答案】B、D、F、A、C【解析】(1)联系下文题。根据下文ThefollowingarefourthingsyoushouldknowaboutStartofAutumn.(以下是关于立秋你应该知道的四件事。)可知上文可能说明秋天要来了,所以选项B"丰硕的季节即将来临"符合语境,故选B。
(2)联系下文题。根据下文Itistimetogathercrops.(是时候收割庄稼了。)可知收割庄稼是农民的事情,所以选项D"对农民来说,立秋对农民来说是一个重要的节气"符合语境,故选D。
(3)联系上文题。根据上文ThepeachstonesarekeptuntilNewYear'sEveandthrownintothestove,burnedintoash.Peoplebelievedthatinthisway,(桃核一直保存到除夕,然后扔进炉子里烧成灰烬。人们相信通过这种方式,)可知下文说明这种做法的结果,所以选项F"全年都可以预防瘟疫"符合语境,故选F。
(4)联系上文题。根据上文OnthedayofStartofAutumn,seniormembersofthefamilywillstandinthemiddleofthehall,theyworship(敬奉;信奉)abowlofcereal(在立秋那天,家里的长辈会站在大厅的中央,供奉一碗麦片),可知下文讲述这样做的理由,所以选项A"他们为秋天的收成祈祷"符合语境,故选A。
(5)联系上文题。根据上文DuringtheQingDynasty(1644-1911),althoughStartofAutumnindicatesthebeginningofautumn,hotweatherwillnotcometoanend.PeoplewouldputgourdsoutsideforadaybeforetheStartofAutumn(在清朝(1644-1911),虽然立秋意味着秋天的开始,但炎热的天气不会结束。立秋前,人们会在室外放一天葫芦),可知下文会解释这样做的原因是驱暑,所以选项C"他们在立秋那天吃它们来驱暑"符合语境,故选C。
这是一篇说明文,主要讲述了立秋时人们常做的四件事。
关于选句填空的做题步骤:
步骤一:快速浏览一遍备选答案,先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置:标题,句首,句中,句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二:快速浏览文章,确定文章体裁,抓住文章结构。
步骤三:分析篇章结构,找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四:注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段,寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五:区分相似项。21~35.【答案】B、A、A、C、D、B、A、C、B、D、C、B、D、A、D【解析】(1)考查名词及语境理解。A.power力量;B.success成功;C.concern关心;D.luck运气。句意:最近,我采访了这位24岁的创作歌手,了解她的成功之路。根据下句In2022,GeorgiawasnamedthegreatartistoftheyearattheAotearoaMusicAwardsceremony.可知2022年,乔治亚在奥特罗亚音乐颁奖典礼上被评为年度最佳艺术家。说明她走向了成功之路。故答案为B。
(2)考查形容词及语境理解。A.easy容易的;B.special特殊的;C.different不同的;D.clear清楚的。句意:乔治亚的成功看起来很容易,但她一直在努力完善自己的技艺。根据下句butshehasworkedhardtoperfecthercraft可知但她一直在努力完善自己的技艺,说明乔治亚的成功看起来很容易,故答案为A。
(3)考查动词及语境理解。A.lost丢失;B.stuck卡住;C.hurt伤害;D.locked上锁。句意:我喜欢沉浸在音乐中的感觉,一切都很和谐。根据上句"IlovewhatIdo,"shesaid.可知"我热爱我的工作,"她说。说明她喜欢沉浸在音乐中的感觉,getlostin迷失在……。故答案为A。
(4)考查名词及语境理解。A.reports报道;B.comments评论;C.songs歌曲;D.novels小说。句意:乔治亚创作了20多首歌曲,并与几位顶级艺术家合作。根据前文RecentlyIinterviewedthe24-year-oldsinger-songwriteraboutherriseto(1)可知我采访了这位24岁的创作歌手,了解她的成功之路。说明乔治亚创作了20多首歌曲,故答案为C。
(5)考查名词及语境理解。A.reporters记者;B.workers工人;C.actors男演员;D.artists艺术家。句意:乔治亚创作了20多首歌曲,并与几位顶级艺术家合作。根据下句Whensheworkswithothers,sheworks(6)astheycanexchangeideaswitheachother可知当她和其他人一起工作时,她工作得更好,因为他们可以互相交流想法。说明她与几位顶级艺术家合作。故答案为D。
(6)考查副词及语境理解。A.longer更长地;B.better更好地;C.faster更快地;D.harder更难地。句意:当她和其他人一起工作时,她工作得更好,因为他们可以互相交流想法。根据空后astheycanexchangeideaswitheachother.可知因为他们可以互相交流想法,所以她工作得更好。故答案为B。
(7)考查名词及语境理解。A.dreams梦;B.styles风格;C.abilities能力;D.performances表演。句意:当被问及她的音乐梦想时,乔治亚笑了。根据下句Ihadnomusicaltalentasachild,andI'dneverthoughtIcouldreachthem,"shesaid."ButI(8)lovedsingingandmusic."可知我小时候没有音乐天赋,我从来没有想过我能达到他们的水平,她说。"但是我一直喜欢唱歌和音乐。"说明她被问及了音乐梦想。故答案为A。
(8)考查副词及语境理解。A.hardly几乎不;B.seldom很少;C.always总是;D.sometimes有时。句意:但我一直喜欢唱歌和音乐。根据前文"IlovewhatIdo,"shesaid.可知"我热爱我的工作,"她说。说明她一直喜欢唱歌和音乐。故答案为C。
(9)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.lookdownon看不起;B.lookforwardto期盼;C.lookthrough浏览;D.lookinto调查。句意:一些热情的观众总是期待着她的音乐会,而乔治亚从未让他们失望过。根据常识和空后herconcerts可知一些热情的观众总是期待着她的音乐会,故答案为B。
(10)考查动词及语境理解。A.amuses娱乐;B.recognizes识别;C.defeats打败;D.fails失败。句意:一些热情的观众总是期待着她的音乐会,而乔治亚从未让他们失望过。根据前文In2022,GeorgiawasnamedthegreatartistoftheyearattheAotearoaMusicAwardsceremony.可知2022年,乔治亚在奥特罗亚音乐颁奖典礼上被评为年度最佳艺术家。说明乔治亚从未让观众们失望过。故答案为D。
(11)考查形容词及语境理解。A.interesting有趣的;B.ordinary普通的;C.peaceful平和的;D.competitive竞争的。句意:作为一名艺术家,乔治亚有一颗平和的心。根据下句Shesaid,"Inevercomparemyselfwithothers.Ijust(12)doingwhatIlove."可知她说:"我从不拿自己和别人比较。我只是继续做我喜欢的事情。"说明乔治亚有一颗平和的心。故答案为C。
(12)考查动词及语境理解。A.practice练习;B.continue继续;C.finish完成;D.avoid避免。句意:我只是继续做我喜欢的事情。根据前文"IlovewhatIdo,"shesaid.可知"我热爱我的工作,"她说。说明她只是继续做她喜欢的事情。故答案为B。
(13)考查名词及语境理解。A.disadvantage劣势;B.education教育;C.experiments实验;D.achievements成就。句意:这意味着,专注于她自己的艺术成就。根据上句Shesaid,"Inevercomparemyselfwithothers.Ijust(12)doingwhatIlove."可知她说:"我从不拿自己和别人比较。我只是继续做我喜欢的事情。"说明她专注于她自己的艺术成就。故答案为D。
(14)考查名词及语境理解。A.thief小偷;B.secret秘密;C.mother母亲;D.price价格。句意:"比较是成功的小偷,"她说。"如果我停下来和别人比较,
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