动词时态语态二 讲义 2022届高考英语语法 教师用

PAGE12022届英语语法精讲精练微专题（动词时态语态二）教师版考点清单五、一般过去时要点精讲1：一般过去时多表示过去已发生的动作，并有明确的时间状语，如yesterday,lastweek,in1980等。例1：Tomdidn'tcometoclassyesterday.例2：Oh,John.IneverthoughtImetyouhere.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceit_____________(come)onthemarketin1973.2.(2013·安徽)I’mcallingabouttheapartmentyou_____________(advertise)theotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?3.(2013·福建)Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,_____________(invite)toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.4.(2017·江苏)ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,which_____________(be)bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens’statusasaleadingnovelist.【答案与解析】1.came。从句有明显时间状语in1973，应用一般过去时。故答案是came。2.advertised。从句有明显时间状语theotherday，应用一般过去时。故答案是advertised。3.wasinvited。句子有明显时间状语attheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo，应用一般过去时。故答案是wasinvited。4.was。结合语境这里描述过去的行为，应用一般过去时。故答案是was。要点精讲2：一般过去时表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作，常与often，usually，seldom等频度副词连用。例3：WhenIwasinthecountryside,Ioftencalledonmyoldfriendsthere.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。5.(2015﹒湖南)Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,but_____________(hold)backthankfullybytheshopwindow.6.Thethreeofus_____________(travel)aroundEuropeforaboutamonthlastsummer.【答案与解析】5.washeld。holdback表示“阻止，隐瞒”，结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是washeld。6.travelled。本句是易错题，句子虽然有时间状语foraboutamonth，但结合语境这里表示过去某段时间一直发生的事情。故答案是travelled。要点精讲3：一般过去时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与现在事实相反的情况，如Iwish….,Ifonly….,Iwouldratherthat….,Itistimethat….及if虚拟条件句等。例4：Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.例5：Itishightimethatwehadourlunch.例6：IwishIwereabird,flyingfreelyinthesky.例7：IfonlyIknewhowtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.例8：IfIwereyou,Iwouldtrymybesttograspthechance.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。7.Sorry,I’mtoobusynow.IfI_____________(have)time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.8.HowIwisheveryfamily_____________(have)alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!9.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit_____________(break).10.Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathe_____________(do)somethinginsteadofjusttalking.【答案与解析】7.had。语境暗示从句与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时。故答案是had。8.had。结合语境从句与现在事实相反，故应用一般过去时。故答案是had。9.werebroken。itlookasif…表示“看起来好像……”，从句与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时；结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是werebroken。10.did/shoulddo。Itishigh/abouttimethat..后面常用did或shoulddo,should不能省，意为“早该……”。故答案是did/shoulddo。考点清单六、过去进行时要点精讲1：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，常有明确的时间状语暗示，如at7:00lastnight等。例9：Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.例10：ShewasplayingthepianowhileIwasreadingthenewspaper.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。11.Hermother_____________(cook)inthekitchenatthistimeyesterday.【答案与解析】11.wascooking。时间状语atthistimeyesterday表明过去某时正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时。故答案是wascooking。要点精讲2：过去进行时还可以表示过去一段时间内频繁发生或一直进行的动作。例11：Weweretalkingaboutyouthewholemorning.例12：HewaswatchingTVathomefrom3:00to5:00yesterdayafternoon.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。12.Wewenttothereading-roomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit_____________(decorate).13.(2014﹒四川)She_____________(phone)someone,soInoddedtoherandwentaway.【答案与解析】12.wasbeingdecorated。结合语境表示该段时间内一直进行的动作装修图书馆。故答案是wasbeingdecorated。13.wasphoning。结合语境“她正在给别人打电话，我对她点头走开了。”故答案是wasphoning。要点精讲3：go,come,leave等瞬间动词的过去进行时表示将要发生的动作。例13：ShesaidshewasleavingforNewYorkthenextmonth.要点精讲4：过去进行时用于as,when,while等状语从句，表示另一动作发生的背景。例14：Itwassnowingasthemedicalteammadeitswaytothefront.例15：Tomslippedintothehousewhennoonewaslooking.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。14.Jim_____________(watch)alatenightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,thetelevisionwentblank.15.I_____________(clean)thestreetsinourneighborhoodthistimeyesterdaywhenyoucalledme.【答案与解析】14.waswatching。结合语境这是wasdoing…when…句式。故答案是waswatching。15.wascleaning。结合语境这是wasdoing…when…句式。故答案是wascleaning。要点精讲5：always,forever,continually,constantly频度副词与过去进行时连用表示赞扬，抱怨等感情色彩。例16：Thegirlwasalwayschanginghermind.例17：Inthepasthewasconstantlyaskingmeformoney.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。16.Duringtheperiodofrecentterroristactivities,people_____________(alwayswarn)nottotouchanyunattendedbag.17.(2015﹒湖南)HemusthavesensedthatI_____________(look)athim.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly,"Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat?"18.(2016·北京)Jack_____________(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.【答案与解析】16.werealwaysbeingwarned。always与过去进行时连用，表示过去某段时间内一直进行的动作（被频繁提醒）；又是被动含义。故答案是werealwaysbeingwarned。17.waslooking。结合语境判断这里表示当时在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。故答案是waslooking。18.wasworking。这是wasdoing…when…句式。是故答案是wasworking。考点清单七、过去完成时要点精讲1：过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by,bytheendof,bethetime…引导的时间状语或以before,until,when,than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。概括为：过去的过去。例18：By5:00yesterdaymorningwehaddonethatwork.例19：Ihadlearnt5000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。19.(2014·山东)Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretime-consumingthanwe_____________(expect).20.(2015·安徽)JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedI_____________(leave)mybankinthecafe.21.(2016·浙江)Silk____________(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.22.(2017·北京卷)Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones__________(notinvent)yet.【答案与解析】19.hadexpected。结合语境应用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。故答案是hadexpected。20.hadleft。结合语境应用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。故答案是hadleft。21.hadbecome。byabout100BC是解答本题关键，应用过去完成时。故答案是hadbecome。22.hadn’tbeeninvented。结合语境应用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”；又是被动含义。故答案是hadn’tbeeninvented。要点精讲2：intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。例20：Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldn'tgethereintime.例21：Ihadintendedtocallonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。23.I_____________(plan)tohelpyoubutcouldn’tgethereintime.【答案与解析】23.hadend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。故答案是hadplanned。要点精讲3：在Itwasthefirst/second/third…timethat…句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。例22：Thiswasthefirsttimetheyhadmetinthirty-nineyears.例23：Itwasthefourthtimeshehadshoppedonlineforhours.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。24.Therewasaknockonthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeone_____________(interrupt)methatevening.25.Thatwasthefirsttimeshe_____________(leave)aloneathomeduringtheweekends,boredtodeath.【答案与解析】24.hadinterrupted。在Itwasthefirst/second/third…timethat…句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。故答案是hadinterrupted。25.hadleft。在It/Thatwasthefirst/second/third…timethat…句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。故答案是hadleft。要点精讲3：在hardly/scarcely…when…和nosooner…than…句型中，主句常用过去完成时。例24：Shehardlyhadgonetobedwhenthebellrang.例25：Nosoonerhadtheyleftthebuildingthanabombexploded.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。26.She________nosooner_________(get)totheofficethanshegotdowntowritingthereport.27.HardlyhadIarrivedhomewhenthetelephone_____________(ring).【答案与解析】26.had;got。在hardly/scarcely…when…和nosooner…than…句型中，主句常用过去完成时。故答案是had;got。27.rang。在hardly/scarcely…when…和nosooner…than…句型中，主句常用过去完成时，从句仍用一般过去时。故答案是rang。要点精讲4：过去完成时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与过去事实相反的情况，如Iwish….,Ifonly….,Iwouldratherthat….及if虚拟条件句等。例26：IwishthatIhadseenheryesterday.例27：Ifeltasthoughwehadknowneachotherforyears.例28：IfonlyIhadknownherearlier!例29：IwouldratherIhadn'tseenthatfilmyesterday.例30：Ifithadnotrainedthismorning,Ishouldhavegoneshopping.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。28.(2018·天津)Ifwe_____________(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeach.29.HowIwishI_____________(buy)thatskirtwhenitwasavailable!Ugh!Iregretiteverytime.30.(2015·北京)—DidyouhavedifficultyfindingAnn'house?—Notreally.She_____________(give)uscleardirectionsandwewereabletofinditeasily.【答案与解析】28.hadcaught。这时if虚拟条件句，从句与过去事实相反应用过去完成时。故答案是hadcaught。29.hadbought。Iwishthat….从句与过去事实相反应用过去完成时。故答案是hadbought。30.hadgiven。结合语境“给我们清楚指导”发生在前，应用过去完成时。故答案是hadgiven。考点清单八、过去将来时要点精讲1：一般过去将来时是由“should/would+动词原形”构成，表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作，多用于主从复合句中。例31：Hesaidtheywouldarrangeaparty.例32：HeaskedmeyesterdaywhenIshouldleaveforParis.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。31.Didyoupredictthatmanystudents_____________(sign)upforthedancecompetition?【答案与解析】31.wouldsign。Didyoupredict是解答本题的关键，暗示应用过去将来时。故答案是wouldsign。要点精讲2：用于was/wereabouttodo…when…句型，表示：正要……这时发生另一件事。was/weretodo也可以用于过去将来时。例33：Iwasabouttostartwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.32.Hewasabouttogotobed________therewasaknockonthedoor.33.Whenhe_____________(open)thedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.34.(2015·陕西)Atcollege,BarackObamadidn’tknowthathe_____________(become)thefirstblackpresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.wastobecome【答案与解析】32.when。这是was/wereabouttodosth.when...句型。故答案是when。33.wastoopen。结合语境这里应用过去将来时表示从当时看将要发生的动作“将要开门”。故答案是wastoopen。34.wastobecome。结合语境这里应用过去将来时表示从当时看将要发生的动作“将要成为美国第一位黑人总统”。故答案是wastobecome。要点精讲3：过去将来时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与将来事实相反的情况，如Iwish….,Ifonly….,Iwouldratherthat….及if虚拟条件句等。例34：Iwishhewouldgowithmetothecinematonight.例35：IfIhadachancetostudyabroad,IwouldstudyatCambridgeUniversity.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。35.IfhehadspentmoretimepractisingspeakingEnglishbefore,he________(be)abletospeakitmuchbetternow.【答案与解析】35.wouldbe。本句是虚拟语气含蓄条件句，now说明主句与现在事实相反，应用woulddo。故答案是wouldbe。好题再练（一）高考真题【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.(2021·全国甲卷)TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It__________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复).2.(2021·全国甲卷)We__________(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshakybutdidthejob.3.(2021·新高考全国卷)Whatcomesnextistheendlessseriesofsteps.Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit__________(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.4.(2020·全国I卷)TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess__________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.5.(2020·新课标I卷)“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit__________(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon__________(construct).”6.(2020·全国III卷)Theartistwassurehewould__________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.7.(2020·山东卷)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,________(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.8.(2020·浙江卷)Byabout6000BC,people_________(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.9.(2020·江苏卷)InsteadofgettingdowntoanewtaskasI__________(expect),heexaminedthepreviousworkagain.10.(2019·全国II卷)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene_______(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.【答案】1.wasbuilt2.hired3.was4.touched5.means;isconstructed6.bechosen7.formed8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pasttwoyears.16.(2018·北京卷)Susanhadquitherwell-paidjoband_________(work)asavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.17.(2017北京卷)Ifthenewsafetysystem______________(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.18.(2018·北京卷)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho_________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.19.(2017·天津卷)I________(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenl