高级职业英语期末复习题

高级职业英语期末复习题

Paper1:LISTENINGTEST

Informationforthecandidates

Therearethreepartstothetest.Eachpartwillbeplayedtwice.

Therewillbeapausebeforeeachparttoletyoureadthroughthequestionsandanotherpauseat

theendpartofyoutocheckyouranswers.

Youmaywriteyouransweronthequestionpaperasyoulisten.

Youwillhave10minutesattheendofthelisteningtesttotransferyouranswerstotheanswer

sheet.

Part1.

Choosethebestanswerfromthechoicesgiven.

(B)1.WhywasMissSmithworried?

A.Herfatherwassleeping.

B.Herfatherwasmissing.

C.Herfatherlikedpolarbears.

(C)2.Whywerethewindowsnotlocked?

A.MrCartwrighthadforgottentolockthem.

B.Thelockwasbroken.

C.Unlockedwindowsaresaferifthereisafire.

(B)3.Whowasthemissingpatient?

A.Mr.Cartwright.

B.MissSmith'sfather.

C.MissSmith'sbrother.

(C)4.HowoftendidthenightnurselookinonMissSmith'sfather?

A.Everyhour.

B.Everytenminutes.

C.Everyhalfanhour.

(A)5.Whatdidthenightnursedowhenshefoundthatthepatientwasmissing?

A.Phonethepolice.

B.Phonethezoo.

C.Lookunderthebed.

Part2.

Questions6-15.FillintheblanksinthesummaryoftheconversationyouhearbetweenPauFs

motherandMr.Fossthedietician.Youhavehalfaminutetolookatthesummary.

A(6)problemamongstEnglishchildrenistheirdislikeof(7).Althoughthey

oftenlikepotatoesespeciallywhentheyaremadeinto(8).Dieticiansencouragemothersto

prepare(9)saladswithadressingsothatchildrenwilleat(10)andparsleythus

increasingtheirintakeofvitaminsBand(11)and(12).Vegetablesinsoup,

especiallywhenpureedintoa(13)soupareappealinginwinter.Fruitisvaluablebecauseit

providesvitaminsAand(14).Oneofthebestvegetablesis(15)althoughfew

childrenseemtolikeit.

答案：6.common7.vegetables8.chips9.green10.lettuce1l.A12.iron.13.creamy14.C

15.Spinach

Part3.

ManagementtextbooksQuestions16—20

Alisonistalkingtoherfriend,Dr.White,whoisadvisingherabouttheusefulnessof

managementtextbooks.AnswerQuestions!6-20accordingtowhatyoulearnfromtheir

conversation.Youhaveoneminutetolookatthequestionsbeforelistening.

MarkthefollowingstatementsasT(true)orF(false):

(T)16.AlisonisstudyingHumanResourcesManagement.

(T)17.OrganizationalBehaviorandHumanCommunicationaretwosubjectsinherdegree

course.

(F)18.MichaelPollardapprovesofallU.S.managementtextbooks.

(T)19.MichaelPollardbelievesthatdifferentcountrieshavedifferentorganizationalcultures.

(F)20.Alisonwasgoingtolistentothetpethatsameday.

Part4.

ListentotheconversationandanswerQuestions

MarkthefollowingstatementsasT(true)orF(false)

T____(21).Mrs.Wellshasaheartproblem

F(22)Thedoctorisprescribingexercisestohelpthintheblood.

F(23)Mrs.Wellswillprobablythrowawaytheinstructionsandthepacket.

T____(24)Sixtabletsmustbetakeneveryday.

F(25)Mrs.Wellsshoulddrinkplentyofbeer.

T____(26)Thesideeffectsincludenauseaandtiredness.

F(27)Mr.Wellsshoulddotheheavyhouseworkandshopping.

T____(28)Mrs.Wellsshouldgoforgentlewalks.

Part5.

ListentotherecordingandanswerQuestionsChoosethebestansweramongthechoicesgiven.

(c)(29)HowmanyemployeesworkedattheLondonofficeofGlobalMarketing?

a)Six

b)30,000

c)150.

(b)(30)WhatwasJenny'soldjob?

a)Shehadbeenaresearchofficer

b)Shehadbeenanadministrativeassistant.

c)Shehadbeenaproductionmanager.

(c)(31)WhatisthenameofJenny'snewworkplace?

a)BristolMarketingandSelling

b)BristolResearch.

c)BristolMarketingResearch.

(a)(32)WhoisJenny'snewboss?

a)BobFoster

b)MaryFoster

c)BobFossey.

(c)(33)WhywasMaryinahurry?

a)Shehadtoshampooherhair.

b)Shehadtobuysomeshampoo.

c)ShewasdoingmarketresearchforSilkenShampoo.

(a)(34)GlobalMarketingwasrunas

a)ahighlybureaucraticorganization.

b)aflexibleorganization.

c)afriendlyorganization.

(b)(35)BobFosterranhisfirmon

a)bureaucraticorganizationprinciples.

b)flexibleorganizationprinciples.

c)formalorganizationprinciples.

Part6.

CompletethefollowingtablewhichsummarizestheinformationabouttheBeijingandAustralian

studiesoffoodpreparationreferredtointhetelephoneconversation.Useeitheraword,short

phrasesorshortsentencestocompletethetable.

GenerationGrandmothersMothersChildren

Influencesonfoodpreparation(36)Science&rationalityConsumersociety,advertisingand

schoolfriends

EffectsofInfluencePreparefoodsaccordingto(37)Planmealsbasedon(38)Like(39)and(40)

theycanexchangeintheplayground

答案：(36)tradition

(37)theseasonoftheyear

(38)abalanceofthemajorfoodproducts

(39)fastfoods

(40)foodspackagedwithsmallgifts

Part7.

Occupations

Warmingup.

15occupations.

Tailorclerksurgeonreceptionistdetectiveentrepreneurengineerwaiterhairdresserpharmacist

headmasteraccountantdietitiansecretarysolicitor.

Part8.

IdentifyingSpeakers,Jobs(Youaregoingtolistentoafamilyoffourdiscussingtheirfeelings

abouttheirjobs.Listenandindicateeachperson'sjob.)

Speaker41(son).

Speaker42(daughter).

Speaker43(mother).

Speaker44(father).

Part9.

Listenandcompletetheextracts.

Son

Iarrive,myuniform,afewdishestocustomers,theirorders,

theirfood...andthenmytipsattheendoftheday!It'ssoboring.

Daughter

IhavetoallthehouseholdchoresandLucytoschoolbeforeIeven

workinthemornings.ThenIafulldayintheoffice——letters,

aftermyboss,theofficeorganizedandsoon.

TheBossandhisAssistant

1.ListeningfortheMainIdea

Howlonghastheassistantbeendoingthis

job?.

Howdoestheassistantasktobedressedbytheboss(bywhatname)?

Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?

Part10.

Listenandcompletetheextracts.

...youmainresponsibilityistohelpmeruntheofficeefficiently.

...incomingmail:youshould

Mostofyourworkconcernsoutgoingmailinotherwords,it'syourresponsibilitytotypeall

myletters,afterI'vesignedthem,ofcourseand

Andwhileyou'redownthere,.

Whatelse?Ah

yes.

You'llalsobeusingthephonetotakecareofmyappointmentsthatis,it's

Youshouldalso

You'reresponsibleforkeeping

...andmeetings.You

Part11.

Confirmingunderstanding

Listentothewholeconversationagainandpayspecialattentiontotheendoftheconversation

fromthemomentMargaretsaysWell,I'msure【71havelotsasthedayprogressesbuteverything

seemsclearforthemoment...Whatdoesshesaynext?

Part12.

Unit3

AdviceaboutEatingHabits

TasklWhafstheTopic?Who'sTalking?

Doyouagreethatahealthydietleadstoahealthylife?Quiteoften,wemaydislikeeating

somethingevenweknowithasahighnutritionalvalue.Wemayalsodevelopsomebadeating

habits,suchaseatingbetweenmealsordrinkingtoomuch.Whatcanwedotochangebadeating

habits?WearegoingtolistentoaconversationbetweenMrs.Monk(thefirstspeaker)andMs.

Foss(thesecondspeaker).Whoaretheyandwhataretheytalkingabout?Listenoncetothe

cassetteandtickthebestanswerstothefollowingquestions.

Listenandtickthebestanswers.

1.WhatisMs.Foss'sprofession?A.adoctorB.adieticianc.acook

2.Whataretheytalkingabout?A.theirprofessionsB.howtomakedeliciousdishesC.a

healthydiet

3.Whoaretheytalkingabout?A.Mrs.Monk'ssonB.theirchildrenC.themselves

4.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.afteramealB.afteratelevision

programmeC.afteralecture

Part13.

Task2PauFsFavouritesandMs.Foss'sAdvice

Intheconversation,Ms.FossisgivingadvicetoMrs.Monkaboutchangingherson'sunhealthy

diet.Didyounoticethefollowingwordsintheconversation?Whatarethesewords?

Greenleafyvegetablespotatoeschips

Ketchup/tomatosaucesweetsicecream

Freshsaladslettucespinach

Parsleywatercresschocolatebars

Biscuitsfreshpeaspureedsoup

Beefburgershamburgersvegetablesticks

ThousandIslandsaladdressing

Theyarenamesoffoods,aren'tthey?Don'tworryaboutthenewwords.Justmakesureyouknow

howtheyarepronounced.Listentotheconversationagainandfindoutwhichofthesefoodsare

Paul'sfavourites(ListA)andwhichareMs.Foss'srecommendation(ListB).

Listenandwritethenamesofthefoodsintheappropriatelists.

ListA(whatPaullikes)ListB(whatMs.Fossrecommends)

Paul'sfavouritesMs.Foss'srecommendation

AskstudentstolistentoUnit5:Activity2andUnitl:Activity2,thenansweringsome

questions.Thequestionsareonthetextbookandomittedhere.

Part14.

Listentotheconversationandanswerquestions1-5.

Choosethebestanswerfromthechoicesgiven.

B(l)Whattaskwerethetwospeakersundertaking?

A.Settingoutcriteriaformanagingaprison.

B.Choosinganewofficerfortheprison.

C.Interviewingapplicantsforthejobofprisonofficer.

B(2)Howmanypeoplehadappliedforthejob?

A.Three.

B.Twelve.

C.Four.

C(3)Howdidthespeakersdecideonthesuccessfulapplicant?

A.Byreadingtheirletters.

B.Bytalkingtothem.

C.BothA)andB).

A(4)WhatpersonalcharacteristicsdidthespeakersNOTwantaprisonofficertohave?

A.Inflexibilityandpunitiveness.

B.Sensitivityandpatience.

C.Sympathyandauthority.

A(5)Whowasthesuccessfulapplicant?

A.Mr.Black.

B.Mr.Brown.

C.Ms.White.

Part15.

ListentotherecordingofthetelevisioninterviewandanswerQuestions

Youhavehalfaminutetolookatthequestionsbeforelistening.

Questions6-12.MarkthefollowingstatementsasT(true)orF(false).

ProfessorGreenwasaman.F

ProfessorGreenhadbeenworkingonaresearchstudyofunemploymentandcrime.T(8)

ProfessorGreenthoughtthatunemployedpeoplecommittedmorecrimethanemployedpeople.

F

(9)Theprofessor'sstudyfoundthatfamilystressaffectedcommunityawareness.T

ProfessorGreenthoughtthatnothingcouldbedonetoreducecrimerates.F

Crimepreventionwaslinkedtocommunityawarenessintheprofessorsresearch.T

Thetelevisionprogrammeranontwosuccessivenights.T

Part3.ListentotheconversationandanswerQuestions13-20.Fillintheblanksinthetablewhich

givesdetailsabouttheoccupationoftourguidementionedintheconversation.

CriteriafortheoccupationLanguagekills,maturity,flexibility

TrainingfortheoccupationFormaltrainingat(13)____andonthejob

trainingwithan(14)____partner

JobresponsibilitiesKnowingthe(15)____ofLondon,dealingwith

(16)____emergencies,(17)_____asmallcoach

CareerladderLucystartsasa(18)____tourguide,shethen

becomesa(19)_____tourguide,andafter

furthereducationshecouldbecomeatour

guide(20)___

答案：13.college14.experienced15.history16.medical

17.driving18.trainee19.qualified2O.trainer

Paper2:READINGANDWRITING

READINGTEST50Points

Part1.ReadPassage1andanswerQuestions

Passage1

Newformsofimprisonmentforcriminals

Overthepasttwentyyearssomepeoplewhohavebeenfoundguiltyofcommittingacrimein

theUS,inEnglandandinsomestatesinAustraliahavebeensentencedtoanewformof

imprisonment.TheyhavebeencommittedtoHomeDetention.Sometimesthisisalsocalled

HomeImprisonment.Thismeansthatinsteadofgoingtogaol,whichisaninstitutionalprison,

theyhavetospendtheirperiodofdetentionathome.Theirhomebecomestheirprison.

Theformofhomeimprisonmentvariesineachcountryorstate.Sometimestheprisonergoes

straighttohomedetentionafterleavingthecourt.Thisiscalledfrontenddetention.Sometimes

theprisonergoestogaolforthefirstthreequartersofhisorhersentenceandthenspendsthelast

fewmonthsofimprisonmentathome.Thisiscalledabackendofformofhomeimprisonment.

Usually,homebasedprisonerswearelectronictagssothattheirmovementscanbemonitored.

Iftheymovemorethan150metersfromtheirtelephone,thepoliceareinformed,theprisoneris

arrestedandsenttogaolnotonlytofinishtheirsentencebutalsotoserveextratimebreakingthe

conditionsoftheirhomeimprisonmentcontract.

Thereareusuallyfourseasonsgivenfortheintroductionofthenewpunishmentofhome

detention.First,itischeaperthangaol,thecostofkeepingaprisoneringaolinAustralia,for

example,isabout60,000dollars.Second,theprisonerislesslikelytolosehisorherjobandcan

keeppayingthefamily'sbills.Third,gaolsaresometimescalled''universitiesofcrime”because

prisonerslearnhowtobecomemoreskillfulcriminalsbytalkingwithotherprisoners.Finally,itis

arguedthatimprisonmentingaolisapunishmentforthefamilyoftheprisonerbecausethe

childrenaredeprivedofcontactwiththeirimprisonedparentandbecausethechildren,partners

andparentsofprisonershavetopaytoomuchoutoftheirincometovisitgaols.

However,thereareconcernsabouthomeimprisonment.Peopleareworriedthatprisonerswill

finditeasytoescape.Civilrightsrepresentativessaythatprisonerswhohavenofamilywillnot

haveanequalchancetoavoidgaol.Otherssayifthehomeisaprisonthenthefamilyofthe

prisonermighthavetwoproblems:theymighthavetoactasakindofunpaidprisonofficerto

controltheoffender.Secondly,ahomeinwhichonefamilymemberisimprisonedislikelyto

becomeaverystressfulplaceandtheywillsufferthatstress.

MarkthefollowingstatementsasT(true)orF(false):

(T)1.HomeDetentioniscalledHomeImprisonment.

(T)2.Gaolisaninstitutionalprison.

(F)3.HomeDetentionsystemshavenotyetbeenintroducedinEngland.

(F)4.TheUS,EnglandandAustraliahaveallintroducedexactlythesameformofHome

Detention.

(F)5.HomeDetentionisusuallyseentobemoreexpensivethaninstitutionimprisonment.

(T)6.Gaolaresometimescalled^universitiesofcrime^^.

(T)7.PrisonersinHomeImprisonmentprogrammesoftenwearelectronictagssothattheir

movementscanbemonitored.

(T)8.InthebackendsystemofHomeDetentiontheoffendergoestogaolforpartofthe

punishment.

(F)9.TherearenocriticismsoftheHomeDetentionsystem.

(T)10.Familiesofprisonerscanfindlifedifficultwhenprisonersareingaolandwhentheyare

imprisonedathome.

Passage2

Thetalesoftwomothers

“IthinkthatImusthavethebestjobinthewholeworld.IworkwithpeopleIlove,Igooutor

IstayathomewhenIwantto.Ifmyfavoritetelevisionshowison,IorganizemyworksothatI

takemybreakintimetowatchtheprogram.ItishardworkandIgetverytiredbytheendofthe

daybutitisagoodtiredfeeling.IknowthatIhavedoneaworthwhilejobandIsleepsoundlyall

night."ThiswasAmandaspeaking.ShehasjusthadababycalledJane.Amandahastakensix

monthspaidmaternityleave.SheismarriedtoMatthewwhoisadoctor.Matthew^motherlives

withthemandAmanda'spresentjobistolookafterthefamily,doingthecooking,cleaningand

shopping.AtnightMatthew'smothergivesJanehernighttimefeeds.

“Idon'tknowwhatiswrongwithme,IlovemybabybutIgetsoirritable.Ihavetostayinthe

housealldayandwaitforJimtocomehomeinhiscarbeforeIcangettotheshops.Ifeelas

thoughourhouseislikeaprison.IneverhaveenoughtimetodoeverythingbecauseeverytimeI

starttodothecleaningthebabycriesandIhavetostopandfeedher.Shecriesatleastsixtimesa

nightandIwakeupfeelingtired.BecauseIhadtogiveupmyjobweneverseemtohaveenough

moneytopayallthebills.Iworryaboutthat,sodoesJimandthatmakesusquarrelwitheach

other.IthoughtthathavingababysonwasgoingtobesowonderfulbutafterMichaelwasborn

weallseemtobemiserablemostofthetime."ThisisSallyspeaking.Shewasasalesclerkbefore

Michaelwasborn.Herjobcontractdidn'tallowheranypaidmaternityleave.HerhusbandJimis

ataxidriverwhocannottakeanytimeofffromhiswork.AfterMichaelwasbornJimworked

longerhourstohelppayallthefamilybillsandhegetsverytired.Sallylivesalongwayfromher

familyandhasnoonetohelpherinthehouse.Theirhouseisinapoorsuburb,toofarfromthe

shoppingcenterforhertobeabletowalktothesupermarket.

Choosethebestansweramongthechoicesgivenaccordingtothemeaningofthetext(Write

downtheletterrepresentingyourchosenanswerinthespaceprovidedintheAnswerSheet):

(C)1.Amandasbabyiscalled.

A.Jim

B.Sally

C.Jane

(A)2.Amandais.

A.happy

B.irritable

C.lonely

(B)3.Matthewisa.

A.taxidriver

B.doctor

C.teacher

(C)4.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.beingadoctor

B.beingagrandmother

C.beingamother

(C)5.AmandaandSallybothhave.

A.sons

B.daughters

C.anewbaby

(C)6.Amandahas.

A.paidmaternityleave

B.familyhelpwiththebaby

C.bothAandB

(B)7.Sallysometimesfeelsherhomeislike.

A.asupermarket

B.aprison

C.ataxi

(A)8.Sallyhas____.

A.nofamilyhelpwiththebaby

B.amother-in-lawwholiveswithher

C.someonewholooksafterthebabyatnighttime

(B)9.Sallyhas.

A.toomuchtimeonherhands

B.notenoughtime

C.notenoughbabies

(C)10.SallyandJimquarrelbecausetheyareworriedabout.

A.thebaby

B.thetaxi

C.thebills

(B)11.ThemaincauseofthedifferencebetweenAmandaandSallyis

A.theirhusbands'names

B.socialinequality

C.theirbabies'gender

Passage3

13,JumpersAve,

Christchurch,

Hants,HT275GV

England,(UK)

Tel:018129734

E-mail:phelps@.uk

May19th,2000

TheHumanResourcesManger,

SydneyOlympics,

Sydney,

Australia,2000

DearSir/Madam,

Co-ordinatorofVoluntaryWorkersfortheSydneyOlympics2000

Inresponsetoyouradvertisementinyesterday'sSportsIllustrated,Ishouldliketoapplyfor

theabovepost.IencloseacopyofmyCV,aletterofrecommendationfrommycurrentemployer

andcopiesofrelevantcertificates.

AsyouwillseefrommyCV,Ihavebeenorganisingvoluntaryworkersfortenyears.Ihave

hadappointmentsascoordiantorofvolunteersinvarietyoforganisationsandcountriesandIhave

hadextensiveexperienceofworkinginemergencysituations.InotethattheSydneyOlympics

Committeeisexperiencinganemergencyinorganisingitsvoluntaryworkersasyourcurrent

coordinatorhasresignedsuddenlyandwithoutwarning.IunderstandheisnowinSpain.ThoughI

havenoexperienceofsportsandathletic,IamsurethatIwouldbeabletoadaptmyskillsin

organisationandhumanmanagementtothecurrentcrisisthatyouareexperiencing.Iworkwill

understressandhaveexperienceofadaptingtoextraordinarysituations.

MyexperiencehasincludedthecoordinationofvolunteersinthefloodsofSouthVietnam,the

organisationofrescuemissionsinalong-termhostagesituationinCambodiaandthemanagement

of“CivilJustice”,anEnglishorganisationthatcoordinatestheworkofoverathousandvolunteers

workingwithprisonersinNorthernEngland.Ihavebeenworkinginthislastpositionforsixyears

andIgreatlyenjoyworkingwithunpaidvoluntaryworkers.Iworldnotwanttoleavethisjob.

However,Iamabouttotakeayear'ssabbaticalfromthispostandIwouldbewillingtoflyto

Australiaatmyowncostwithintheweek.

Mycurrentpositionin“CivilJustice^involvescommunicatingwithpeoplefromanumberof

differentethnicgroups.Iamabletocommunicatewithpeopleinfourlanguagesotherthan

English.IamfluentinFrench,Italian,andVietnameseandIhavebasicspeakingskillsinGerman.

IamconfidentthatIwouldbeabletocoordinatepeoplefromthewiderangeofethnic

communitiesthatliveinAustralia.

AlthoughIhavelittleexperienceofworkingwithathletesIbelievethatthepostwillinvolve

theskillsofcoordinatingdrivers,interpreters,tourguides,homestayvolunteers,programme

sellersandstadiumcleaners.Itisinthecoordinationofworkersinthesepracticalfieldsthatmy

experienceswillbeuseful.

IhavebeeninterestedinvisitingAustraliaandIfeelitwouldbeexcitingtobeinvolvedwith

theSydneyOlympics.AlthoughthissabbaticalwouldbeaworkingoneIknowthatIwould

benefitbybeingabletocontributemyskillstoyourorganisation.Ibelievethatmyabilitytodeal

withemergencies,mylanguageskillsandmyvariedexperiencesascoordinatorofvolunteerswill

beusefultotheOlympicCommittee.Pleasesonothesitatetocontactmebyletter,phoneoremail

ifyourequireanyfurtherinformation.

Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.

Yoursfaithfully,

AndrewPhelps

QuestionTickthestatementswhicharetruetothemeaningofthetext.Marktherestwitha

cross.

(x)l.Thisisaletterwrittenbyawoman.

(4)2.TheSydnayOlympicCommitteehaveanemergency.

(x)3.Thepreviouspersonholdingtheposthasjustdied.

(4)4.ThepostwasadvertisedintheSportsIllustrated.

(x)5.AndrewPhelpshasonlyeverlivedinEngland.

(x)6.AndrewPhelpsdoesnotworkwellunderpressure.

(x)7.AndrewPhelpspreferstoworkwithpaidworkers.

(4)8."CivilJustice”isthenameofanEnglishorganisation.

(4)9."CivilJustice“employsunpaidworkerstoworkwithprisoners.

(x)10.AndrewPhelpsiswillingtogiveuphisjobwithCivilJustice.

(x)l1.AndrewPhelpsknowsalotaboutsport.

(N)12.ThewritercanspeakfivelanguagesincludingEnglish.

(x)13.ThewriterbelievesthatthepostofcoordinatorofvolunteerworkersfortheSydney

Olympicsdemandsaknowledgeofathletics.

Passage4

CommunicationandGenderinBusiness

1.AccordingtopopularAmericanlinguist,DeborahTannen,communicationhabitsvary

dependingonindividualpersonality,culture,andamongotherfactors,gender.Sincemalewaysof

communicatingarestandardinbusiness,women'swaysoftalkingareoftenignoredor

misunderstood

intheworkplace.Tannenemphasizesthatfemaleandmalestylesarebothvalid.Herearesomeof

Tannen'smainpoints:

2.Conversationalstylesinboysandgirlsshowupearly.Even5-year-oldboyscare

abouttheirtankinthegroup,while5-year-oldgirlscaremoreaboutbeinginoroutofthegroup.

Therefore,men'sconversationalstylesoftenusecompetition,whilewomentrytokeepthe

appearanceofequality.

3.Womentendtoapologizemorethanmen,asanattempttorestorethepowerbalance

inconversation.Whenmensimplyaccepttheapologyratherthanpartoftheresponsibility,

womenfeelunjustlyblamed.

4.Westernwomenfavorindirectwaysofspeaking,whichisinterpretedbyWesternmen

asshowinginsecurityandlackofconfidence.However,thisgenderdifferenceisalsoacultural

difference:Japanesebusinessculturedemandsindirectness,andthedirectapproachusedby

WesternbusinessmenisoftenseenasrudebytheJapanese.

5.Inbusiness,womenareoftenblamedifthey“talklikeawoman"(soft,indirect,

cautious),butarealsoblamedifthey"talklikeaman1'(bossyaggressive).

6.Wehavestrongnegativeimagesofwomeninauthority:WickedWitchandMother;so

womenbossesarejudgednotasbossesbutaswomen.

7.Genderdifferencesshowmoststronglynotinindividualsbutingroupsettings.Inagroupof

menandwomen,womentendtobecomesilentbystanders,whilemenareactiveparticipants.

8.MalesandfemalesinWesternculturespeakdifferentbodylanguages.Menoften

spreadouttheirlimbs,takingupalotofspace,gesturewidely,speakinLoudtones,andengagein

directeyecontact.Thesebehaviors.

9.Malesinterruptfemalesmuchmorethantheyinterruptothermales,andmoreoften

thanfemalesinterrupteithermalesorfemales.

10.Researchhasshownthatthereisnothing"natural'1aboutmaleorfemalelanguage,but

thatthesegenderhabitssimplyshowthestereotypedroleinwhichsocietyputsmenandwomen.

Directions:

Readpassage1carefullyandthendecidewhetherstatements1—10aretrueorfalsebasedonyour

understandingofthepassage.WriteTfortrueandFforfalseagainstthenumberofthestatement

ontheanswersheet.(20points,2pointseach.)

1.DeborahTannenemphasizedthatpeoplesharemanycommunicationhabitsdespitethe

factthateveryonehastheirownpersonalityandculturebackground.

2.Conversationalstylescanevenbefoundinfive-year-oldboysandgirls.

3.Mentendtocaremoreaboutequalityintheirconversation.

4.Mentendtoacceptanapologyratherthanmakeit.

5.Indirectnessisregardedasappropriatebothinwesternandeasternbusinessworld.

6.Itcanbeinferredfromthe5thparagraphthatwomenmightfinditdifficulttoworkinthe

fieldofbusiness.

7.Womentendtobetalkativeingroupsofmenorwomen.

8.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph8thatmenaremorepower-