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[模拟]考研英语模拟49
多项选择
3
第1题:
Thestorytoldinthepassageismostpossiblyastoryfrom
A.aShakespeare'swork
B.AncientGreece
C.theHolyBible
D.AncientChina
参考答案:C
答案解析:
第2题:
Thepurposeofsuchastorywasto.
A.warnpeopleagainsttalkingtoomuchwhileworking
B.explainthereasonwhydifferentlanguagesexistintheworld
C.tellthereasonwhycooperationisimportant
D.warnpeopleagainstworkingtogethertoomuch
参考答案:B
答案解析:
第3题:
Accordingtothestory,Godwasangrywithmenbecausehethoughtthey
weretoo.
A.lazy
B.greedy
C.stupid
D.arrogant
参考答案:D
答案解析:
1
3
第4题:
Whichofthefollowingfactsaboutgiantpandasisnottrue?
A.Thereareonlyabout1,000pandasalive.
B.GiantpandaslivemostlyinSouthwestChina.
C.Malepandasweighlessthanfemaleones.
I).Malepandasweighmorethanfemaleones.
参考答案:C
答案解析:
第5题:
Wildpandasareindangerofbecomingextinctbecause.
A.theirbreedingcapacityhasbeenaffectedbyairpollution.
B.theyaresufferingfromtheproblemoffoodshortage.
C.theyarebeingkilledbypoachersfortheirvaluablefur.
D.theyarenotsoadaptabletoclimatechange.
参考答案:B
答案解析:
第6题:
Whatisthewomandoinginherresearchprogram?
A.Sheislookingatwaysofprotectingwildpandas.
B.Sheislookingatwaysofhelpingpandastobreed.
C.Sheislookingatwaysoffeedingpandas.
D.Sheislookingatwaysofnursingpandas.
参考答案:B
答案解析:
第7题:
2
Whichofthefollowingthingswasnotwhatthesmallgroupofexplorers
did?
A.Theygatheredaroundacampfire.
B.Theydecidednottoclaimtheland.
C.TheynamedthelandYellowStone.
D.Theycampaignedforpreservingtheland.
参考答案:c
答案解析:
第8题:
WhatdowelearnaboutYellowStoneNationalParkfromthetalk?
A.Itwasthesecondlargestnationalparkintheworld.
B.Itwasmadeanationalparkintheearly19thcentury.
C.ItwasmadeanationalparkbyanactoftheCongress.
D.Itconsistsofmanysmallparks.
参考答案:C
答案解析:
第9题:
TheservicesofferedbytheYellowStoneNationalParkinclude
A.campfireconcertsandnaturewalks.
B.naturewalks,speeches,concerts,andguidedtours.
C.guidedtours,campfiredances,andconcerts.
D.naturewalks,guidedtoursandcampfiretalks.
参考答案:D
答案解析:
第10题:
Thetalkisconcernedwithclimateadaptationby.
A.plantsandseaanimals
B.plants,animalsandhumanbeings
C.plants,animalsandhumanbeings
D.birds,plantsandseaanimals
3
参考答案:B
答案解析:
第11题:
InharshconditionsoftheTundra,lowgrowingmossesallhugtheground
forshelter.
A.fromicywinds
B.fromsnowstorms.
C.fromhurricanes
D.fromheavyrains.
参考答案:A
答案解析:
第12题:
Whatanimalsthatarementionedinthetalkhaveanextremelylimited
distribution?
A.thecamelandthebear
B.thecamelandthepenguin
C.thepenguinandthepigeon
D.thepigeonandthebear
参考答案:B
答案解析:
第13题:
Whatdowelearnaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?
A.Sheenjoyscooking.
B.Sheenjoysshopping.
C.Sheenjoyswashing.
D.Sheenjoysbargaining.
参考答案:B
答案解析:
4
第14题:
WhatdoSingaporeansmeanbymarketing?
A.Sellingthingstocustomers
B.Shoppinginthemarket.
C.Bargainingwiththeseller.
D.Negotiatingpricewiththebuyer.
参考答案:B
答案解析:
第15题:
Forhowmanypeoplewasthewomanbuyingfood?
A.12.
B.20.
C.2.
D.22.
参考答案:B
答案解析:
第16题:
Accordingtotheconversation,itseemsthatMalayfoodis
A.sweet
B.salty
C.tasteless
D.spicy
参考答案:D
答案解析:
第17题:
Whatisahackeroriginallydefinedasinthecomputercommunity?
A.Ahighlyskilledcomputerprogrammerwhoiseagertostretchhis,
capabilities.
B.Ahighlyskilledcomputerprogrammerwhocommitscomputercrimes.
5
C.Ahighlyskilledcomputerexpertwholikestoprovideservicefor
customers.
D.Ahighlyskilledcomputerexpertwhoenjoysdoingeverythingona
computer.
参考答案:A
答案解析:
第18题:
Allofthefollowingthingsarementionedasacomputercrimeexcept
A.conductinganantisocialactoftheft.
B.transferringmoneyfromacompanyforone'sownbenefits.
C.providinginaccurateinformationontheInternet.
D.makingdestructiontocomputerprogramsorcomputerfiles.
参考答案:C
答案解析:
第19题:
Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrineaboutcomputercrimes?
A.Thenumberofcomputercrimeshasincreased.
B.Lawshavebeenmadetocombatcomputercrimes.
C.Computercrimeshavecausedmanyconcerns.
I).Newlyevolvedcomputercrimescanbetimelystopped.
参考答案:C
答案解析:
第20题:
Tohackintoacomputersystem,hackers.
A.needtosendasignaltotheremotecomputersystem.
B.needtohaveacomputerequippedwithamodem.
C.needtoperformnumerousbusinessfunctions.
D.needtoestablishhisownwebsite.
参考答案:B
答案解析:
6
多项选择
AtsixteenRonMackiemighthavestayedatschool,butthefuture
calledtohimexcitedly."Getoutoftheclassroomintoajob,“itsaid,
andRonobeyed.Hisfather,supportingthedecision,foundaplacefor
himinasupermarket."You'relucky,Ron,"hesaid.uForeveryboywith
ajobthesedays,there'sadozenwithout."SoRonjoinedtheworkingworld
attwentypoundsaweek.
Forayearhespenthisdaysfillingshelveswithtinsoffood.
Bytheendofthattimehewaslookingbackonhisschooldaysasatime
ofgreatvarietyandsatisfaction.Hesearchedforaninterestinhiswork,
withlittlesuccess.However,Fridayscamearoundunfailinglyandwith
themRon,spay;butthebestthingabouttheplacewasJudyonthecash
desk.Rongotonwellwithallthegirlswhenthemanagerwasnotaround.
Theylikedhimtoo,thoughhedidnotseethat.
OnefinedayinsteadofgoingtoworkRongotaliftonalorry
goingsouth.Withninepoundsinhispocket,afullheartandagreat
longingforthesea,hesetouttomakeabetterwayforhimself.That
evening,inBournemouth,hehadasandwichandadrinkinacaferunby
anelderlymanandhiswife.Beforehehadfinishedthesandwich,thewoman
hadtakenhimonfortherestofthesummer,attwentypoundsaweek,a
roomupstairsandthreemealsaday.Theeaseandspeedofitrathertook
Ron,sbreathaway.AtquiettimesRonhadtochecktheoldman,sarithmetic
intherecordsofthebusiness.
Attheendoftheseason,hestayedonthecoast.Hewasagain
surprisedhowstraightforwarditwasforaboyofseventeentomakea
living.Heworkedinshopsmostly,butoncehetookajobinahotelfor
threeweeks.LateinOctoberhewastakenonbythesickmanagerofashoe
shop,whereawomanandtwogirlsalsoworked.Ronsoonfoundhimselfin
chargethere;hewastheonlyonewhocouldkeepthebooks.Heandthe
girlssharedaflatabovetheshop.Bythistimeheknewtherewassomething
abouthimthatwomenofallagesliked.Hewasnotsurewhatitwas,except
thathefeltwarmandplayfulandsensitivetowardsthem.(415)
3
[听力原文]
马克找工作
让・马克十六岁时本来可以留在学校,但是未来令人兴奋地呼唤他。''离
开教室去工作吧”,它这样说,他也就服从了。他的父亲支持他的决定,为他在
超市找到一份工作。他说:“让,你真幸运,现在男孩子找工作不容易,十来个
人才能有一个人找到。”这样让就参加了劳动大军,每周20镑。
有一年时间他白天作食品罐头的上架工作。到年底当他回想学校生活时觉
7
得那是一段充满多样性和令人满意的日子,他设法在工作中寻找趣味,但收效很
少。然而,星期五总是会来的,而且会得到他的工资;但是这个地方最让他开心
的事是在收款台工作的朱娣。当经理不在时,他和所有女孩子关系都不错。她们
也喜欢他,而他并未察觉。
有一天很晴朗,他没上班,而是搭上一个卡车去了南方。他口袋里装着九
镑钱,心中充满对大海的渴望,就这样上路去找自己的好日子。那天晚上,在伯
尼茅斯,他在一个老人和他的妻子开的咖啡店吃了个三明治,并喝了饮料。他还
未吃完三明治,老太太就让他在这个夏天为他们工作,每周20镑,还提供楼上
住房和一日三餐。如此轻易和快地找到工作令他大吃一惊。在静下来的时候,他
还要检查老头子所记下的帐。
夏季结束时,他仍留在海边。他又一次感到惊奇的是一个17岁的男孩可
以竟然这样爽快地自谋生活。他大都在商店工作,但有一次他在一个宾馆工作了
三周。十月下旬他在一个患病的鞋店老板处工作,在这里还有一个妇女和两个女
孩工作。他很快发现他成了那里的主管,因为他是唯一能记帐的人。他和两个女
孩同住一套店铺楼上的公寓。这时他认识到他身上有某种东西能让所有年龄段的
妇女喜欢。他还不清楚,除了他让人感到亲切和幽默以及对她们的体贴以外,还
有什么让她们喜欢的呢。
第21题:
IttookaboutayearforRontorealizethat.
A.heworkedwel1becausehewasinterestedinthejob.
B.hisworkatthesupermarketwasdull.
C.beingatworkwasmuchbetterthangoingtoschool.
D.thestoremanagerwantedtogetridofhim.
参考答案:B
答案解析:
B他在超市的工作很乏味。细节题。见2段3句。A和C与文相反,D文中未提
到。
第22题:
WhydidRonleavethesupermarket?
A.HeknewhewouldfindworkinBournemouth.
B.Hetookajobasalorrydriver.
C.Hegaveupthejobbecausehefeltunwe11.
D.Hewantedtoworkattheseaside.
参考答案:D
答案解析:
D他想在海边工作。推理题第三段第二句表示他对海有很大的向往。其他各项有
很大迷惑性,其中许多词都提到,但全句意思与文不符。如B,文中说他搭上一
个卡车并非找到卡车司机的工作,C文中说他放弃了工作但并非因为生病。
第23题:
Atthecafd,Ronwasverysurprisedwhen.
8
A.hewassentupstairstoeathismeal.
B.hefoundhecoulddotheoldman,sarithmetic.
C.thewomantookthesandwichawayfromhim.
D.thewomanofferedhimajob.
参考答案:D
答案解析:
D那妇女给他一份工作。细节题,见2段4句其他各项都是部分词形相同,但全
句意非。
第24题:
Sofarasemploymentwasconcerned,Ronexpected.
A.morehelpthanheactuallygot.
B.tobethemanagerofashop.
C.theproblemstobemuchharder.
D.thewintertobeaneasytime.
参考答案:C
答案解析:
C问题难得多。属推理题。从最后一段第二句看出,他对找到工作又一次感到惊
讶,说明是出乎意外,而原先想得要难。A与文不符。B与D皆未提及。
第25题:
Ronwasabletotakeovertheshopbecause.
A.hegotonwellwiththewomenthere.
B.heunderstoodtheaccountsofthebusiness.
C.hehadexperienceofsellingbooks.
D.hehadaflataboveit.
参考答案:B
答案解析:
r他懂商业的账目。细节题末段第五句说到此意。A是迷惑项,文中虽提到他和
那里的女人们关系好,但他能主管商店的主要原因是他是唯一能管帐的人。C、D
项皆与文不符。
Therearetwomainthingsthatmakeaircraftengineeringdifficult:
theneedtomakeeverycomponentasreliableaspossibleandtheneedto
buildeverythingaslightaspossible.Thefactthatanaeroplaneisup
intheairandcannotstopifanythinggoeswrong,makesitperhapsamatter
oflifeordeaththatitsperformanceisabsolutelydependable.
Givenacertainpowerofengine,andconsequentlyacertainfuel
consumption,thereisapracticallimittothetotalweightofaircraft
thatcanbemadetofly.Outofthatweightasmuchaspossibleiswanted
forfuel,radionavigationalinstruments,passengerseats,orfreight
9
room,and,ofcourse,thepassengersorfreightthemselves.Sothe
structureoftheaircrafthastobeassmallandlightassafetyand
efficiencywillallow.Thedesignermustcalculatethenormalloadthat
eachpartwillbear.Thisspecialistiscalledtheustressman”.Hetakes
accountofanyunusualstressthatmaybeputonthepartasaprecaution
againsterrorsinmanufacture,accidentaldamage,etc.
Thestressman'scalculationsgotothedesignerofthepart,
andhemustmakeitasstrongasthestressmansaysisnecessary.One
ortwosamplesarealwaystestedtoprovethattheyareasstrongasthe
designerintended.Eachseparatepartistested,thenawholeassembly
----forexample,acompletewing,andfinallythewholeaeroplane.When
anewtypeofaeroplaneisbeingmade,normallyonlyoneofthefirstthree
madewillbeflown.Twowillbedestroyedonthegroundinstructuraltests.
Thethirdonewillbetestedintheair.
Twokindsofgroundstrengthtestsarecarriedout.Thefirst
istofindtheresistancetoloadingofthewings,tail,etc.untilthey
reachtheirmaximumloadandcollapse.Theothertestisforfatigue
strength.Relativelysmallloadsareappliedthousandsoftimes.Eachmay
bewellunderwhatthestructurecouldstandasasingleload,butmany
repetitionscanresultincollapse.Oneformofthistestisdoneonthe
passengercabin.Itisfilledwithairathighpressureasforhigh一
altitudeflyingandcompletelysubmergedinalargetankofwaterwhile
thetestisgoingon.Thesurroundingwaterpreventsthecabinfrom
burstinglikeabombifthereisafailure.
Whenaplanehaspassedallthetestsitcangetagovernment
certificateofairworthiness,withoutwhichitisillegaltofly,except
fortestflying.(433words)
3
[听力原文]
航空工程
有两件使航空工程感到艰难的事:需要让每个部分尽可能可靠以及需要把
一切造得尽可能轻。因为飞机在空中,一旦有故障无法停止,所以它的性能要绝
对可靠,这也许是与生死相关的事。
设发动机的功率为定数,因此燃料耗量也为定数,那么能飞行的飞机的总
重量也有实际的限量。在这个重量中要有尽可能多的燃料,无线电航空仪器、乘
客坐椅、或货舱,当然还有乘客或货物本身。因此,飞机结构的体积和重量应该
依据安全和效率的要求。设计者必须标出每个部件所能承担的负载。这种专家叫
作“应力专家”。他列出所有可能在部件产生的不正常的应力以预防制造、事故
损坏等情况下的误差。
应力专家的计算送到部件的设计师那里,他必须使部件的强度符合应力专
10
家的要求。总是要测试一两个样品以证实它们的强度和设计师所要求的一样。先
测试每一个部件,然后整个集成件,如整个翼,最后整个飞机。当制造新飞机时,
通常只有前三个中的一个去飞行。两个将在结构试验时在地上毁坏。第三个将在
空中测试。
有两种地面强度测试。第一个是找出翼、尾等对负载的阻力,直到它们达
到它们最大的破坏和负载值。另一个是测试疲劳强度。较小的测试要进行数千次。
一个结构经受一次负载测试可能很好,但经多次重复后就会破坏。一种测试是在
客舱进行的。它充满象在高空飞行时一样的高压空气,在测试进行时完全放入一
大水箱中,周围的水会保护客舱在出事时不会象炸弹一样爆炸。
当飞和通讨所有这些测试时,它会得到政府的飞行证书。无此证飞行是非
法的,试飞例外。
第26题:
Thetwomainrequirementsofaircraftdesignare.
A.speedandcheapness
B.reliabilityandpassengercomfort
C.makingthingsbothlightanddependable
D.abilitytostayupintheairandavoidbreakdowns
参考答案:C
答案解析:
C使部件既轻又可靠。从首段1句可推出此答案。系推理细节题。与原文用词有
异。但是异曲同工。A速度和便宜。B可靠性及旅客的舒适。D停在空中并可避
免破坏的能力。此三项皆为迷惑项。凡想当然者必上当。要在文中找出证据。
第27题:
Themaximumpossibleweightofanaircraftisdeterminedby.
A.theenginepower
B.theamountoffreightroom
C.thenumberofpassengers
D.internationalregulations
参考答案:A
答案解析:
A发动机功率。为推理题。从2段1句可推出此答案。由功率决定油耗量以飞机
总重量。B货仓量及C旅客人数都取决于A。D国际规定,文中未提。
第28题:
Thestressman,sjobistocalculate.
A.howsafetheplaneis
B.howstrongeachpartmustbe
C.whatheighttheplanewillflyat
D.theamountofluggageeachpassengermaycarry
参考答案:B
11
答案解析:
B每个部件应有多大强度。为词义猜测及细节题。2段4、5句说明应力专家要
算出每个部件能承受多大负载,即是有多大强度之意。A飞机有多安全。C飞机
能飞多大高度。D每位乘客可带多少行李。这三项似乎有理,但不是应力专家的
工作。
第29题:
Thefirstthreeaeroplanesofanewtype.
A.arealldestroyed
B.donotfly
C.arelaterbrokenupforspareparts
D.areusedfortestingpurposes
参考答案:D
答案解析:
D用于试验目的,推理题。见3段最后3句。2个毁于地面结构测试,第3个在
空中测试,都用于试验。A都被毁。B不飞行。C后都因部件而毁。此3项皆与
文不符。
第30题:
Thepassengercabintestinwaterisdesignedto______.
A.makesuretheplanewouldbesafeifitlandedinwater
B.testfatiguestrength
C.seeifthecabinwillburst1ikeabomb
I),keepthecabincool
参考答案:B
答案解析:
B测试疲劳强度。为推理细节题。从4段3句及6句可推出这一细节。3句说另
一种是测试疲劳强度的。6句说一种形式的这种测试是在客舱进行的。A确保飞
机落水时的安全,为一迷惑项,恁想当然就会错。C看是否客舱会象炸弹一样爆
炸,为一干扰项。似与4段末句有关,但意思两样。原文说会保护客舱如出事会
象炸弹一样爆炸。D保护客舱凉爽。也是想当然的推测。文中未提。
Onanaverageofsixtimesaday,adoctorinHollandpractices"active”
euthanasia:intentionallyadministeringalethaldrugtoaterminallyill
patientwhohasaskedtoberelievedofsuffering.Twentytimesaday,
life-prolongingtreatmentiswithheldorwithdrawnwhenthereisnohope
thatitcaneffectanultimatecure."Active“euthanasiaremainsacrime
ontheDutchstatutebookspunishableby12yearsinprison.①[Buta
seriesofcourtcasesoverthepast15yearshasmadeitclearthata
competentphysicianwhocarriesitoutwillnotbeprosecuted.]
Euthanasia,oftencalledamercykilling,isacrimeeverywhere
inWesternEurope.Butmore
12
andmoredoctorsandnursesinBritain,WestGermany,Hollandand
elsewherereadilyadmittopracticingit,mostofteninthe“passive”
formofwithholdingorwithdrawingtreatment.Thelongsimmering
euthanasiaissuehaslatelyboiledoverintoasometimesfiercepublic
debate,withbothsidesclaimingthemantleofultimaterighteousness.
Thoseopposedtothepracticeseethemselves
up-holdingsacredprinciplesofrespectforlife,whilethoseinfavor
raisethebannerofhumanetreatment.Afteryearsonthedefensive,the
advocatesnowseemtobegainingground.RecentpollsinBritainshowthat
72percentofBritishsubjectsfavoreuthanasiainsomecircumstances.
Anastonishing76percentofrespondentstoapolltakenlatelastyear
inFrancesaidtheywouldlikethelawchangedtodecriminalizemercy
killings.
Reasonsforthelatestsurgeofinterestineuthanasiaarenot
hardtofind.Europeans,likeAmericans,arenowlivinglonger.The
averageEuropeanmalenowlivestotheageof72,womentoalmost80.As
DerekHumphrey,aleadingBritishadvocateof“rationaleuthanasia”
says,“lingeringchronicdiseaseshavereplacedcriticalillnessesasthe
primarycauseofdeath.”
Andsotheeuthanasistshavebeguntopresstheircasewith
greaterforce.②[Theyarguethateveryhumanbeingshouldhavetheright
to“diewithdignity,“bywhichtheyusuallymeantherighttoescapethe
horrorsofapainfulordegradinghospitalization.]Mostadvocatesof
voluntaryeuthanasiahasarguedthattherighttodieshouldbeaccorded
onlytotheterminallyandincurablyill,butthemovementalsoincludes
asmallminoritywhobelieveineuthanasiaforanyonewhorationally
decidestotakehisownlife.
Thatrightisunlikelytogetlegalrecognitionanytimeinthe
nearfuture.EvenintheNetherlands,theproposalsnowbeforeParliament
wouldrestricteuthanasiatoasmallnumberofcasesandwouldsurround
eventhosewithelaboratesafeguards.
注释
lethal[adj.]致死的,致命的prosecute[v.]起诉,控诉
mantle[n.]盖,罩;保护simmering[adj.]沸腾的,热烈的
第31题:
AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingisnottrue?
A.”Active“euthanasiaisregardedasacrimebyDutchlaw.
B.Thedoctorwhocarriedouteuthanasiawillbecharged.
C.Anunqualifieddoctorcarryingouteuthanasiawillbeaccused.
D.”Active”euthanasiaexecutiveswillbesentencedto12years
13
imprisonment.
参考答案:B
答案解析:
这是一篇有关安乐死的文章。作者从正反两方面反映了人们对安乐死的观点。反
对实施安乐死术的人认为必须尊重生命的神圣原则,而主张实施安乐死的人则认
为每个人都有权利“体面地死去”。酝酿已久的安乐死术问题在欧洲进行了激烈
的公开辩论。B这是一道细节题。根据第一段表达的意思,实行安乐死在荷兰
法律上是有罪的,但实际情况是,称职的执行“积极”安乐死术的医生是不会受
到起诉的。故A、C、D表达的内容确,选择B。
第32题:
Euthanasiaisoftencalled“mercykilling”,whichimpliesthat.
A.peopleshouldshowsympathyforaterminallyillpatient
B.somedoctorsmurderpatientsshieldingthemselvesfrommercy
C.humanetreatmenttodyingpatientsshouldberequired
D.thedyingpatientsaresufferingfromthepainandtheydon'twant
toliveon
参考答案:C
答案解析:
C这是一道推断题。根据第二段所表达的意思,“怜悯致死术”的主张者认为应
高举人道对待病人的大旗,使病人无痛苦,体面地离开世界。A、B项则从“mercy
killing"的表面含义来理解,故错误。D在文中没有提及,不能确定为正确答
案。
第33题:
Mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasiaholdtheopinionthat.
A.onlyterminallyillpatientscanhaveeuthanasia
B.ifanyonewhorationallydecidestoendhislife,hecanhave
euthanasia
C.peopleshouldrespectforlife
D.nomatterwhatpunishmenttheyget,they,11carryouteuthanasia
topatients
参考答案:A
答案解析:
A这是一道细节题。文中第四段说明了多数安乐死术倡导者主张,死亡权应只给
那些晚期不治之症患者,故A符合其含义。B项只表达了主张安乐死的人中少数
派的观点,不能代表全体。C项表达了反对安乐死的人的观点。D项则未在
patients前加以限定,属明显错误。
第34题:
Theauthor'sattitudestowardseuthanasiais.
14
A.positive
B.negative
C.objective
D.uncertain
参考答案:C
答案解析:
C这是一道综合推断题。在全文中,作者只是非常客观地介绍了安乐死术的情况
及其支持者和反对者的观点。没有渗入个人感情,故C正确。
第35题:
InParagraph2,“boiledovernmeans.
A.burst(into)
B.makethewaterhotenoughtoboil
C.causegreatanger
D.fightoneanother
参考答案:A
答案解析:
A此为一道词汇猜测词。根据原句"Thelongsimmeringeuthanasiaissuehas
latelyboiledoverintoasometimesfiercepublicdebate,・・.“判断出
boiledover为“爆发了”之意。B项则使理解停留在词汇表面,未能深挖内涵。
C、D项则偏离主题。
Ourbasicneedsaresimple,butouradditionalindividualwantsare
oftenverycomplex.Commoditiesofdifferentkindssatisfyourwantsin
differentways.Abanana,abottleofmedicineandatextbooksatisfyvery
differentwants.Thebananacannotsatisfythesamewantsasthetextbook.
Thischaracteristicofsatisfyingawantisknownineconomics
asits“utility”.Utility,however,shouldnotbeconfusedwithusefulness.
Forexample,asubmarinemayormaynotbeusefulintimeofpeace,but
itsatisfiesawant.Manynationswantsubmarines.Economistssaythat
utilitydetermines“therelationshipbetweenaconsumerandacommodity”.
Utilityvariesbetweendifferentpeopleandbetweendifferent
nations.Avegetariandoesnotwantmeat,butmayratetheutilityof
bananasveryhighly,whileameat-eatermayprefersteak.①[A
mountain-republiclikeSwitzerlandhaslittleinterestinsubmarines,
whilemaritimesnationsratethemhighly.]
Inmosteconomicsystems,thepricesofthemajorityofgoods
andservicesdonotchangeovershortperiodsoftime.Insomesystems
itisofcoursepossibleforanindividualtobargainoverprices,because
theyarenotfixedinadvance.Ingeneralterms,however,theindividual
cannotchangethepricesofthecommoditieshewants.Whenplanninghis
expenditure,hemustthereforeacceptthesefixedprices.Hemustalso
15
paythissamefixedpricenomatterhowmanyunitshebuys.Aconsumer
willgoonbuyingbananasforaslongashecontinuestobesatisfied.
Ifhebuysmore,heshowsthathissatisfactionisstillgreaterthanhis
dislikeoflosingmoney.Witheachsuccessivepurchase,however,his
satisfactioncompensateslessforthelossofmoney.
Apointintimecomeswhenthefinancialsacrificeisgreater
thanthesatisfactionofeatingbananas.Theconsumerwillthereforestop
buyingbananasatthecurrentprice.Thebananasareunchanged;theyare
nobetterorworsethanbefore.Theirmarginalutilitytotheconsumer
has,however,changed.Ifthepricehadbeenhigher,hemighthavebought
fewerbananas;ifthepricehadbeenlower,hemighthaveboughtmore.
Itisclearfromthisargumentthatthenatureofacommodity
remainsthesame,butitsutilitychanges.②[Thischangeindicatesthat
aspecialrelationshipexistsbetweengoodsandservicesontheonehand,
andaconsumerandhismoneyontheotherhand.]Theconsumer'sdesire
foracommoditytendstodiminishashebuysmoreunitsofthatcommodity.
EconomistscallthistendencytheLawofDiminishingMarginalUtility.
注释
marginalutility[n.]边际效应
第36题:
Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.EconomicSystems
B.UtilityandPrices
C.ComplexIndividualDemands
D.UtilityandtheNatureofaCommodity
参考答案:B
答案解析:
我们的基本要求是简单的,可是我们额外的个人需求往往是极为复杂的。各种不
同的商品以不同的方式满足我们的需求。这种满足需求的属性在经济学中被称为
“效用”。效用不等于有用性。效用在不同的人之间与不同的国家之间是不相同
的。效用与价格之间既有联系又有区别。B这是一道综合判断题。作者主要写
了效用的定义及与价格之间的关系,故B项正确,D项错误。A项波及范围太广
泛,“utilityandpricesv只是其中一方面。C则表示复杂的个体需求,是
“utilityandprices”中的一部分。
第37题:
Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Usefulnesscan,tbeexpressedbyutility.
B.Asubmarine,whichmaynotbeusefulinpeacetimebutusefulduring
16
thewartime.
C.Asubmarinemaynotbeusefulbutitmeetspeople'sneeds.
D.Alltheabovementioned.
参考答案:D
答案解析:
D这是一道细节题。文中第二段提到,不应该把效用和有用性混为一谈。例如,
一般潜水艇在和平时期可能有用也可能没有用,但它满足一种需求,很多国家需
要水艇。选项中A、B、C皆符合上述内容,故全都正确。
第38题:
Underwhatcircumstancewilltheconsumernotgoonbuyingbananas?
A.Theconsumerisnotsatisfiedwiththebananas.
B.Theconsumerloseshismoney.
C.Thepriceofbananasgetshigher
D.Thefinancialsacrificeis,greaterthanthesatisfactionofeating
bananas.
参考答案:D
答案解析:
D这是一道细节题。根据作者在文中第六、七段表达的意思、,一个消费者买香蕉,
只要他还是满意的,他就会一直买下去。如果他继续买香蕉,那就表明他满意的
心情仍大于他舍不得在金钱上受损失的心情。然而当金钱
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