2018年12月四级真题第一套

PartIWritingDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Atthquestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.AftbestanswerfromtheasinglelinethrougB)Designanewgenerationofmobilephones.C)SetupamobilephD)GatherdatafromthemoC)Itisinexpensive.B)NoinjurieswereyetrepoC)NobodywasinthebuildingwhenitbD)Ithadburnedfor45minutesbythetimefirefightersa4.A)RecruitandtrainmorefirefiB)PulldownthedeseC)TurntheshoppingD)Findmoneytorenovatethelocalneighbor5.A)Shrinkingpotatofarming.C)Widespreadplantdisease.6.A)ItintendstokeepC)Itisafraidofthespreadofdisease.D)Itisworriedaboutunfaircompetit7.A)Globalwarming.BC)Governmentregulation.D)DiDirections：Inthissection,youwillhequestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.withasinglelineth8.A)Informative.9.A)ShetypesonakeyboardC)Shetakesphotos.10.A)ItkeepshermindactiC)Itenableshertothinkhard.D)IthelpsherkB)IthelpsherbetterrememberwhatshelC)Itturnsouttobeanenjoyablewayoflearning.D)ItprovestobefarmoreeffectivethaB)Inhonorofagreatemperor.C)TomarkthedeathoB)Itisbuiltofwoodandbricks.C)ItstoreslotsofpricelessantiqueD)Ithaswallsdecoratedwithjewels.C)EachonehasauD)LifecanbetediouDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebeschoicesmarkedA),B),C),D).ThenmarkthecorrespB)TheygreatlyenrichpeC)TheyprovideresidentswiththeresD)Theyallowfreeaccesstodigital17.A)ByhelpingtheB)ByinspiringtheircreaC)Bykeepingthemoffthestreets.D)Byprovidingaplaceofrelaxation.18.A)TheirinteractioB)TheyusedlibrarieslessoftenthanC)TheytendedtovisitlibrariD)TheirnumberincreasedQuestions19to21arebasedC)Itisanunusualcrossbreed.B)TheyhaveunusuallyloC)TheyarefondofsleeD)Theyknowhowtopleasetheirowners.21.A)TheyshaketheirfQuestions22to25arebasedon22.A)AnxiousanddeB)ContentedandrelieD)Proudbutabitnerv23.A)Itisbecomingparents’biggestconcern.B)ItisgainingincreasingpuD)ItstartsthemomentB)ReadbooksandmagazinestoC)HelpthemtolearnbytD)ChoosetherightsD)Thequalityoftheirschool.PartⅢReaDirections:Inthissectionofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethrougwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.YoumaynotuseaQuestions26to35areMillionsdieearlyfromairpollutioneachyear.Airpollutiowelfarecosts,withthemostserious26occurringinthedevelopiThefiguresincludeanumberofcosts27withairpollution.LosThereportincludesbothindoorandoutdoorairpollution.Indoorpollution,whichcooking,hasremained29overthepastseveraldecadesdespiteadvancesinthearea.LevelsofougrownrapidlyalongwithrapidgrowthinindustryandtransporDirectorofInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluationChrisMurray30itasan“urgentcafactorsforprematuredeathsistheairwebreaTheeffectsofairpollutionareworstinthedevelopingworld,whereinsomepGDP.Around9in10peopleofoutdoorairpollution.Buttheproblemisnotlimited34tothedevelopingworld.ThousandsdieprematurelyintheU.illnesses.InmanyEuropeancountries,wherediesel(柴油)35havebecomemorecommoninrreachestensofthousands.N)undermineinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichparagraphmorethanonce.EletteronAnswerSheet2.Food-as-MedicineMovementIsWitnessingPr[A]Severaltimesamonth,youcanfindadoctorintheaislesofRalph’smarketinHuntingtonBeach,California,wearingawhitecoatandhelpingpeoplelearnaboutfood.OnonerecencerealaislewithAllisonScott,givinghersomeideaonh“Haveyouthoughtabouttryingfreshjuicesinthemorning?”heasksher.“Thefrozenorangesandapplesarealitcheaper,andfruitsarereallygoodfortnightbeforeandhaveitreadythenextmorning.”[B]ScottisdelightedtogetfoodadvicefromaphysiciaDiabetesCenter,partoftheSt.JosephHoagHealthalliance.Thecenter’s‘thegrocerystoretomeetwithanypatientswhosign[C]Nadeaunoticesthepre-mademacaroni(通心粉)-andswitchtowholegrainmacaroniandrealcheese.“SoI’dhavetomakeit?”sheasks,herenthusiasmfadingatthethoughtofhowlongthatmighttake,justtohaveherkidsrejectit.“I’mnotsurethey’deatit.Theyjustwon’teatit.”[D]NadeausayssugarandprocessedfoodsarebigAmerica,over50percentofourfoodisprocessedfood,”Nadeautellsher.“Andonly5percentofourfoodifood.Ithinkweshouldtrytoreversethat.”Scottagreestotrymorefruitjcheese.Scoreonepointfo[E]NadeauispartofasmallrevolutiondevelopingacrossCalifornia.Thefood-as-medaroundfordecades,butit’smakingprogressasphysiciansandmedicalinstitutionsmakeforatherthanrelyingsolelyonmedications(药物).ByprescribingwithyourDoc’,theyaretryingtoprevent,limitorevenreversediseasebychangingwpeoplecantakethingsalongwaytowardreversingdiabetes,reversinghighbloodpressure,evenpreventichoices,”Nadeausay[F]Inthebigpicture,saysDr.RichardAfable,CEOandpresidentofST.Josacrossthestatearestartingtomakeaphilosophicalswitchtobecomiorganization.ThatfeelingechoesthebeliefsoftheTherapeuticFoodPantryprogramatZuckerHospital,whichcompleteditspilotphaseandisTheprogramwillofferpatientsseveralbagsoffoodprescribedfortheircondition,alongwithintensivetraicookit.“Wereallywanttolinkfoodandmedicine,andnotjustgiveawayfood,”samedicaldirectorofHealthyFoodInitiatives.“Wewantpeopletounderstandwhatthey’reeating,howtoprepareit,therolefoodplaysintheirlives.”[G]InSouthernCalifornia,LomaLindaUniversitySchoolophysiciansinLifestyleMedicine—thatisaformalspecialtyinusingfoodshowthepoweroffoodtotreatorreversediseases,butthatdoesnotmeanthatdietaloneeveryillnesscanbenefitsubstantiallyfromdietarychanges.Nonetheless,phyandaclearpictureemerges:thatthesalt,sugar,fatandproceratesofobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,80percentofdeatdiseaseandstrokearecausedbyhighbloodpressure,tobaccouse,elevatedchol[H]“It’sadifferentparadigm(范式)ofhowtotreatdisease,”saysDr.BrendaRea,whohelpsrunthefamilyandpreventivemedicineresidencyprogramatLomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicine.Thelifestylemedicinesdesignedtotraindoctorsinhowtopreventandtreatdisease,inpart,bychangingpatients’nucenterandschoolatLomaLindaalsohasafoodwhichfoodstobuy,butalsohowtopreparethemat[I]Manypeopledon’tknowhowtocook,Reasays,andtheyonlyknowhowtoheatthingsup.Thatmeansdependingonpackagedfoodwithhighsaltandsugarcontentthem,shesays,canactuallytransformapatient’slife.Andbeyondthat,itmighttransformpatient’sfamily.“Whatpeopleeatcanbemedicineorpoison,”Reasays.“Asaphysicpowerfulthingsyoucanchangetoreversetheeffectsoflong-termdisease.”[J]Studieshaveexploredevidencethatdiehospitabletocancercells.Ingeneral,manylifestylemedicinephysiciansrecommendaplant-baseddiet—prpeoplewithdiabetesorotherinflammatorycondition[K]“Aswhathappenedwithtobacco,thiswillrequireawayphysiciansusedtosmoke,andthenstoppedsmokingandwereabhaveabiggervoiceinit.”36.MorethanhalfofthefoodAmericanseatisfactory-produced.37.Thereisaspecialp38.Thereisgrowingevidencefromresearchthatfoodhelpspatientsre39.Ahealthybreakfastcanbepreparedquickly40.Trainingapatienttopreparehealthyfoodcanchangetheir41.Onefood-as-medicineprogramnotonlyprescribesfoodfortreatmentbutteachespatientshowtocookit.42.Scottisnotkeenoncookingfoodherself,thinkingitw43.Diabetespatientsareadvisedtoeatmoreplant-basedfoo44.Usingfoodasmedicineisnonovelidea,butthemovementismakinghead45.Americans’highratesofvariousillnessesresultfromthewaytheyeat.Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.EachpasscorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetCaliforniahasbeenfacingadroughtformanyyearsnow,withcertainareasofmilestotheirdistributionsystem.Theproblemisgrowingasthepopulationofthestatecontinuestoexpand.researchhasfounddeepwaterreservesunderthestatewhichcouldhelpsolvetheirdroughtcrisis.Previousdrillingofwellscouldonlyreachdepthsof1,000feet,butduetonewpumpingpractices,waterdeeperthaTheteamatStanfordinvestigatedtheaquifers(地下蓄水层)belowthisdepthandfoundthatreservesmaybetriplewhatwaspreviouslythought.Itisprofitabletodrilltobecomeprofitabletopumpwaterfromthisdepth.Theaquifermeansthatpumpingwillbeexpensiveandthereareotherconcerns.Thebiggestconcernofpumpingoutwaterfdeepinthegradualsettlingdownofthelandsurface.Astweightoftheearthabove.Eventhoughpumpingfromthesedepthsisexpensive,itisstillcheaperthandesalinating(脱盐)theoceanwaterinthelargelycoastalstate.SomedesalinationplantsexistwherefeasiblWellsaremuchmorereliablesourcesoffreshwater,andCaliforniaishopingthatthesedeepwellsmaybetheanswertoOneproblemwiththesesourcesisthatthedeepwateralsohasahigherlevelofsaltthanshalloweraquifers.Thismeansthatsomewellsmayevenneedtoundergodesalinationafterextraction,texhaustivestudyofgroundwaterfromover950drillinglogshasjustbeenpublished.Newestimatesofthewaterreservesnowgoupto2,700billioncubicmetersoffreshwater.46.HowcouldCalifornia’sdroughtcrisisbesolvedaccordingtosA)Bybuildingmorereservesofgroundwater.B)Bydrawingwaterfromthedepthsoftheearth.C)BydevelopingmoreadvancedD)Byupgradingitswaterdistributionsys47.WhatcanbeinferredaboutextractingwaterfroA)ItwasdeemedvitaltosolvingthewaterprobB)ItwasnotconsideredworththeexpC)ItmaynotprovidequalityfrD)Itisboundtogainsupportf48.Whatismentionedasaconsequenceofextractingwaterfromdeepunderground?A)Thesinkingoflandsurface.C)ThedamaB)Theharmtotheecosystem.D)Thechangeoftheclimate.49.WhatdoestheauthorA)TheyrunwithoutanyneedforrepaC)TheyaretheultimatesoluD)Theyprovideasteadysupplyoffreshwater.50.WhatmayhappenwhendeepaquifersareA)People’shealthmayimprovewithcleanerwatB)People’swaterbillsmaybeloweredconsiderably.D)Theymaybeexhaustedsoonerorlater.Questions51to55TheAlphaGoprogram’svictoryisanexampleofhowsmartcomputershavebecome.Butcanartificialintelligence(AI)machinesactethOneexampleofAIisdriverlesscars.programamachinetoactethically.Asdriverlesscarsimprove,theyhumandriversdo.Sometimes,however,theywillfaceachohittingachildrunningacrosstheroad,evenifthatwillputtheirpassengersatrisk?avoidadog?Whatiftheonlyriskisdamagetothecaritself,nottothepassengers?Perhapstherewillbelessonstolearnfromdriverlesscars,buttheyarenotsuper-intamachineevenmoreintelligentthanwearewillbethebiggerAboutthesametimeasAlphaGo’striumph,Microsoft’s‘chatbot’tookabadturn.Thesoftware,namedTaylor,wasdesignedtoanswermessagesfromreceived.Shewasdesignedtoslowlyimproveherabilitytohandleconversations,butsoracistideas.WhenshestartedsayingnicethingsaboutHitler,MicrosoftturnedheroffanddeletedherAlphaGo’svictoryandTaylor’sdefeathappenedataboutthesametime.Thisshouldbeawarningtous.ItisonethingtouseAIwithinagamewithclearrulesandclearunpredictabilityoftherealworld