2024年高考英语核心考点精讲精练（新高考专用）考点5 完形填空之解题方法（学生版）

考点5完形填空完形填空之解题方法（核心考点精讲精练）考点5解题方法解题方法方法1细研首句定主旨方法2前瞻后望重语境方法3熟词生义需重视方法一细研首句定主旨完形填空首句一般不设空，这是为了给学生提供一个清晰而完整的背景。记叙文首句往往介绍事件发生的时间、地点、人物和起因等细节信息，说明文和议论文一般通过文章首句点明全文的主题。仔细分析文章的首句，往往能获取许多解题信息，从而节省做题时间。1．利用首句可以帮助我们判断文章的体裁，捕捉文章的要素，预测故事的发展。【典例1】(2022·全国甲卷·首句)Youcantellalotaboutamanbyhowhetreatshisdogs.直接信息首句提出了一个观点：你可以从一个人对待他的狗的方式来了解他很多。由此可以基本判定，本文应是记叙文。预测信息下文很可能围绕“某个人如何对待他的狗”这一话题展开，表达作者的情感体会。2．利用首句可抓住文章的核心及中心话题，这对于理解全文和解题有着重要的启示作用。【典例2】(2020·全国Ⅰ卷·首句)Sinceourtwinsbeganlearningtowalk，mywifeandIhavekepttellingthemthatourslidingglassdoorisjustawindow.直接信息首句交代了人物(who)——I,mywife,ourtwins和事件(what)——谎称玻璃推拉门是窗户。预测信息根据这些信息，我们可以这样设问：他们为什么要对孩子们说玻璃推拉门是窗户呢？这难道不是谎言吗？这样又会带来什么后果呢？阅读文章，我们可以在下文叙述中找到这些疑问的答案。方法二前瞻后望重语境完形填空题主要考查学生对语境的理解能力，所以空处的前后多有暗示(下文暗示上文的居多)。学生在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章的内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系。【典例1】(2022·全国乙卷·节选)Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there'ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout41someoneelse'sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably42athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies43.exposed．41．A．following B．takingC．escaping D．directing42．A．clever B．badC．scared D．quick【典例2】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)Thiswas50thanitsounds.51．Slowdownabitandthecakespileup.AsItoldmyparentsatdinnerthatfirstnight,itwasallalittlemorehigh-pressurethanI'd52．expected．50．A．harder B．betterC．longer D．cheaper方法三熟词生义需重视一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考完形填空中多次出现的词汇活用现象，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。备考时应注意单词本义以及根据词根推断单词的生僻意义。【典例1】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)Finally,Ziyadgotclosetothehivewhichwasaround20metresabovetheground.Sittingonabranch,he_____50_____towardsitandblewsmokefromhistorchintoatinyholeinthehive.Suddenly,Ziyadletoutasharpcry.Withinseconds,he’dsliddownthetrunkandwasbackontheground.50．A．backed B．dived C．shouted D．inched【典例2】(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷·节选)InAprillastyear,IsawapostonthePNP(PilotsNPaws)websitefromafamilyinTopeka.TheyhadtomovetoVirginiabuttheywereonaverytightbudget.Theycouldnotaffordtopayfortransportationfortheirdog,Tiffy,and43wantedtotakeherwiththem.

()43.A.desperately B.temporarily C.secretly D.originally【熟词新义】desperatelyadv.不顾一切地；极度地。【典例3】(2023·高考全国甲卷·节选)Mario’swinemayhavebeencloudyandcomeoutofanoldbottle,butitwasperfect.

【典例4】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)Our48inthefactoryweresimple:Placecakesonamovingbelt.Attachicing(糖霜)ears.Applyicingeyesandnose.48．A．joys B．ideasC．roles D．choices基础过关（最新模拟试题演练）1.【2023·河北省衡水中学高三下学期适应性考试】EveryyearI’dreadover2,000collegeapplicationsfromstudentsallovertheworld.Itisquite

41tochoosewhomtoadmit.42,inthechaosofSATscoresandrecommendations,one

43isalwaysirresistibleinacandidate：kindness.Themostsurprising44ofkindnessI’veever45camefromastudentwhohadexcellentscoresandasupportiverecommendationfromhiscollegecounselor(顾问).Evenwiththesequalifications,hemightnothave46.Butoneletterofrecommendationcaughtmyeye.Itwasfromaschoolsecurity47.Lettersofrecommendationaretypicallywrittenbypeoplelikeformerpresidents,celebrities,andOlympicathletes.Thesecurityguardwrotethathesupportedthisstudent’sadmissionbecauseofhis48.Thisyoungmanwastheonlypersonintheschoolwhoknewthenamesofeverymemberoftheguardstaff.Heturnedofflightsinemptyrooms,consistently49thehallwaymonitoreachmorningandtidieduptheclassroomafterhispeersleftschool50nobodywaswatching.Thisstudent,thesecurityguardwrote,hada(n)51respectforeverypersonattheschool,regardlessofposition,popularityorpower.Itgaveusa52ontoastudent’slifeinthemomentswhennothing“counted”.Thatstudentwasadmittedbyunanimous(一致的)voteoftheadmissionscommittee.Nextyeartheremightbeafloodofsecurityguardrecommendations53thisessay.Butifitmeansstudentswillstartpayingasmuch54tothepeoplewhocleantheirclassroomsastheydototheirprincipalsandteachers,I’mhappytohelpstartthat55.25641．A．decent B．difficult C．delicate D．desperate42．A．However B．Otherwise C．Besides D．Therefore43．A．ability B．quality C．limitation D．assumption44．A．signal B．image C．appearance D．indication45．A．comeout B．pickup C．comeacross D．bringup46．A．stoodup B．stoodout C．givenup D．givenout47．A．guard B．teacher C．principal D．counselor48．A．wisdom B．bravery C．encouragement D．consideration49．A．bothered B．answered C．visited D．thanked50．A．asif B．nowthat C．evenif D．inorderthat51．A．demanding B．amusing C．refreshing D．puzzling52．A．passion B．trouble C．method D．window53．A．dueto B．inneedof C．exceptfor D．alongwith54．A．money B．notice C．attention D．curiosity55．A．policy B．trend C．arrangement D．career2.【2023·山东省实验中学高三二模】Asusual,LilyboughtexpensivegiftsforherchildrenAliceandPeterbeforeChristmas.Herjobkeptherbusy,andshe41gottoseeherchildrenduringweekdays.Beingamother,shealwayswantedtobe42herchildren,butsheplacedher43first,thinkingearningmoneywasmoreimportant.Lily44thegiftsinsecretanddecidedtogivethemadaybeforeChristmassinceshehadtoattendabusinessmeetingthenextday.45,adaylater,themeetinggotcanceled.Lilywas46shecouldspendChristmaswithherfamily.Therefore,shedecidedto47aparty.Lilysent48toallherfriendsandherfather-in-law,Michael.Lilywasworriedherfriendswouldnotfeel49inthepresenceofagedpeople.Laterthatday,herchildrennoticedthegiftsshehadbought.Unexpectedly,neitherofthemseemed50toopenthegifts.OnChristmasEve,Lily51herfriendsintoherhouse.However,shefelt52whenshesawMichaelwalkingin.Onarrival,MichaelgaveAliceandPeterpresents—somecookiemolds(模具)!Thetwokidsranhappilytotheirgrandfatherandshowedgreat53forhisgifts,askinghimtobakecookieswiththem.Alltheguestspresentweremovedbythescene.Lily54alltheywantistheirparents’timeand55notwhattheirparentsbuythem.41．A．usually B．rarely C．always D．never42．A．around B．beyond C．without D．for43．A．family B．heart C．body D．job44．A．watched B．laid C．hid D．made45．A．Fortunately B．Eventually C．Suddenly D．Amusingly46．A．shocked B．touched C．happy D．free47．A．attend B．throw C．delay D．rule48．A．blesses B．regards C．letters D．invitations49．A．confident B．warm C．relaxed D．cool50．A．shy B．worried C．easy D．eager51．A．welcomed B．led C．signaled D．waved52．A．uncomfortable B．refreshed C．surprised D．calm53．A．respect B．pity C．enthusiasm D．love54．A．noticed B．realized C．learned D．witnessed55．A．money B．passion C．knowledge D．attention3.【2023·天一大联考广东省高三模拟考试（三）】AfteradolphinwasfoundswimmingaloneinacreekinFlorida,marinebiologistsformedahumanchaintosaveit.Dolphinstypicallytravelin41calleda“school”,althoughsolitary(独自的)dolphinsarebecomingmorecommon.Thiscanbeacauseforconcernbecausedolphinsarenaturallysociablecreatures,soiftheyare42,theymayturntheirattentiontohumaninteraction.Thisinturncanbe43,bothfordolphinsandhumans.Dolphinscanbecome44ratherthanfeedontheirown.45,dolphinsthatareusedtohumancontactspendmoretimeinshallowwaters,whichcan46boatcrashes.Meanwhile,humanswhogettooclosetodolphinscanfindthemselves47.After48thatthedolphinhadbeenaloneinthecreekforafewdays,andwasneararesidentialareawith49forhumandisturbance,NOAAFisheriesServicedecidedto50.Twenty-eightbiologistsfromtheClearwaterMarineAquarium,NOAAandFWCcametogethertoformahumanchain,creatingabarrierthatcould51thedolphinoutofthecreek.RescuebiologistBrittanyBaldricasaid,“The52wastojustbeabarrierthatwasnoveltotheanimal.Wewantedtocreateaphysicalbarrieraswellasabarrierofhearing,sowehadsomebodybehindusthatwas53aboat,revving(使快速运转)itsengineandthenweweresplashing(泼)waterandmovingforwardtowardstheanimal,soweweregivingtheanimalthe54toswimthroughthebridgeonitsown.”The55wassuccessful,withthedolphinmakingitswayoutofthecreek.27341．A．series B．lines C．groups D．sessions42．A．separated B．discovered C．defended D．distinguished43．A．rewarding B．dangerous C．attractive D．annoying44．A．sensitive B．hesitant C．dependent D．exceptional45．A．Strangely B．Initially C．Fortunately D．Additionally46．A．turnon B．leadto C．takein D．knockat47．A．injured B．addicted C．refreshed D．dismissed48．A．declaring B．explaining C．admitting D．realizing49．A．concern B．purpose C．potential D．desire50．A．withdraw B．act C．search D．attack51．A．confirm B．restrict C．keep D．guide52．A．risk B．advantage C．goal D．path53．A．lifting B．repairing C．checking D．striking54．A．courage B．option C．right D．skill55．A．rescue B．experiment C．competition D．training4.【2023·江苏省南通徐州市等5地高三三模】ThesuburbIliveinbacksontoalargenaturereserve.OnemorningIsawakoala(考拉)sittinginapamtreeinmyfrontyard.IphonedaroundtoaskwhatIcould____41____thiskoala,butnoonewantedtoknow.Iendedup____42____thekoalaoutofmytreeandwecrossedtheroad____43____forhimtoreturntothenaturereserve.I’vealwaysbeenbefriendinganimals.AsayoungkidIusedtopickuplizardeggsand____44____them.Itstimulatedmyinterestastowhytherewasn’tanyonewantingtocomeand____45____thiskoalainmytree.Afterthat,Isignedupforallthe____46____Icouldfind.OnceIhadaccreditation(合格证),IvolunteeredwiththeRSPCAin2014,rehabilitating(使康复)wildlife.Iwasanambulancedriver,____47____overnightrescues.Werescuedhundredsofanimalsand____48____more.Oneday,Ithoughtwhynot____49____myownrescuegroupfocusingonmybackyard?Ipurchasedatwo-acrepropertyandbuiltenclosuresonitto_____50_____injuredanimals.Lastyear,Iplanted300eucalyptustrees(桉树),withsevenvarietiesto_____51_____thekoalas.Icuttheleavesoftheeucalyptustreesforthekoalastoeatandlookafterthe_____52_____wildlifeatourcentre.Iftheyrecover,theyare_____53_____backtowheretheycomefrom.AsakidIwouldneverhaveimagineddoingthis.IfeellikeI’mthe_____54_____girlontheplanetthatIgettodowhatIlove.Ibelieveit’smy_____55_____.26541．A．learnfrom B．doabout C．requireof D．savefor42．A．kicking B．shooting C．coaching D．blowing43．A．together B．illegally C．angrily D．guiltily44．A．roll B．sell C．break D．hatch45．A．rescue B．admire C．purchase D．identify46．A．courses B．races C．fairs D．shows47．A．watching B．attending C．recording D．assessing48．A．madeout B．ranacross C．gaveup D．caredfor49．A．leave B．start C．dismiss D．advertise50．A．house B．hunt C．train D．amuse51．A．confuse B．direct C．feed D．test52．A．aggressive B．hungry C．deserted D．injured53．A．sold B．released C．thrown D．dragged54．A．quietest B．greediest C．noisiest D．luckiest55．A．guess B．calling C．treat D．fault5.【2023·山东省淄博市高三下学期三模】ChatGPThasbeeneverywhereforthelastfewmonths.Itraises___41___abouttheirimpactoneverythinghappeninginoursociety.ChatGPTisanaturallanguageprocessingtool___42___byAItechnologythatallowsyoutohavehuman-like___43___andmuchmore.Thelanguagemodelcananswerquestionsand___44___youwithtasks,suchascomposingemails,essays,andcode.The___45___toproducefrequentlyaccurateresponsestoavastrangeofquestionsiswhyitbecamethefastest-growingappofalltime,___46___100millionusersinonlytwomonths.Thefactthatitcanalso___47___essays,articles,andpoetryhasonly___48___itsappeal.Itisalsoequally___49___atcodingandproductivitytasks.Fortheformer,itsabilityto____50____codefromnaturalspeechmakesitapowerfulpartnerforbothnewand____51____coders.Despitelookingveryimpressive,ChatGPTstillhas____52____.Suchrestrictionsincludetheinabilitytoanswerquestionsthatarewordedina____53____way,asitrequiresrewordingtounderstandtheinputquestion.Abiggerlimitationisalackofqualityinthe____54____itdelivers.Anothermajorlimitationisthatitsdataislimitedupto2021.Thechatrobotdoesnothaveany____55____ofeventsornewsthathaveoccurredsincethen.Lastly,ChatGPTdoesnotprovidesourcesforitsresponses.22241．A．requests B．concerns C．emotions D．doubts42．A．driven B．followed C．inspired D．entertained43．A．conflicts B．challenges C．interests D．conversations44．A．manage B．control C．assist D．accompany45．A．ability B．chance C．responsibility D．purpose46．A．consulting B．reaching C．introducing D．counting47．A．cause B．return C．exist D．generate48．A．addedto B．connectedto C．devotedto D．owedto49．A．determined B．equipped C．talented D．alarmed50．A．save B．create C．choose D．describe51．A．cautious B．untrained C．familiar D．experienced52．A．limitations B．possibilities C．requirements D．advantages53．A．right B．suitable C．specific D．natural54．A．approaches B．responses C．contribution D．sensitivity55．A．notice B．question C．feeling D．awareness真题感知1.【2023年1月·浙江卷】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ThesunwasbeginningtosinkasIsetoffintotheHarennaForest.Iwasonmywayto____41____auniquehoneyharvest.Here,insouth-eastEthiopia,hand-carvedbeehives(蜂箱)areplacedinthe____42____.Reachingthemtogetthehoneyisdifficult—andoften____43____.I____44____beekeeperZiyadoverawidestretchofgrasslandbeforeenteringathickjungle.Ziyadbeganpreparations.He____45____handfulsofdamptreeleaves,wrappedthemwithstring,and____46____thebunchtocreateatorch(火把).Then,withoneendofaropetiedtohiswaistandtheotherendaroundthetrunkofatree,Ziyadbegan____47____.Hestoppedeveryfewminutestomovethe____48____higherupthetreetrunk.____49____,Ziyadgotclosetothehivewhichwasaround20metresabovetheground.Sittingonabranch,he_____50_____towardsitandblewsmokefromhistorchintoatinyholeinthehive.Suddenly,Ziyadletoutasharpcry.Withinseconds,he’d_____51_____thetrunkandwasbackontheground.Itwastoo_____52_____tocollectthehoney.Acoolsummerhaddelayed_____53_____.Babybeeswerestillinthehoneycombs(蜂巢).Theadultbeeswere_____54_____andkeptattackingasZiyadescapedfromthetree.Hehadtowaitfortheright_____55_____togobackup.41．A．share B．collect C．celebrate D．witness42．A．courtyards B．fields C．treetops D．caves43．A．urgent B．dangerous C．expensive D．pointless44．A．searched B．recognised C．followed D．invited45．A．gathered B．cleaned C．dropped D．checked46．A．shook B．lit C．measured D．decorated47．A．jumping B．talking C．testing D．climbing48．A．hives B．leaves C．rope D．honey49．A．Finally B．Surprisingly C．Naturally D．Immediately50．A．backed B．dived C．shouted D．inched51．A．cutoff B．goneup C．sliddown D．heldonto52．A．high B．early C．fast D．close53．A．hatching B．training C．sowing D．trading54．A．curious B．hungry C．bored D．angry55．A．moment B．equipment C．person D．order2.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。InAprillastyear,IsawapostonthePNP(PilotsNPaws)websitefromafamilyinTopeka.TheyhadtomovetoVirginiabuttheywereonaverytight41.Theycouldnotaffordtopayfor42fortheirdog,Tiffy,and43wantedtotakeherwiththem.

Itjust44thatIwasplanninganotherPNPflightwithanotherpilot,Karen,who45totakeTiffyfromKansasCitytoVirginia.WhatIwastodowasflytoTopekato46Tiffy.

WhenImetTiffy’sowners,theyseemedvery47.George,thehusband,wastryingtobecalm,butIcouldtellthiswas48forhim,havingtoleavehisdogtoa49andtrustthateverythingwould50.

Aftersomegoodbyes,IaskedGeorgeandhiswifetohelpme51Tiffyintotheplane.IpromisedtotakecareofTiffyand52themassoonaswegottoKansasCity.

Theflightwas53,andTiffywasagreatpassenger.Thenextday,she54withKarenandmadeitbacktoGeorgeinVirginiawithinafewdays.Hewasso55andsentmeanicee-mailwithpictures.ItfeltgreattoknowthatIhadhelpedbringthisfamilytogetheragain.

()41.A.turn B.budget C.schedule D.connection()42.A.food B.shelter C.medicine D.transportation()43.A.desperately B.temporarily C.secretly D.originally()44.A.appeared B.proved C.happened D.showed()45.A.waited B.offered C.hurried D.failed()46.A.seeoff B.lookfor C.handover D.pickup()47.A.confused B.nervous C.annoyed D.curious()48.A.hard B.fine C.common D.lucky()49.A.coworker B.passenger C.stranger D.neighbour()50.A.speedup B.workout C.comeback D.takeoff()51.A.feed B.follow C.change D.load()52.A.call B.join C.leave D.serve()53.A.unnecessary B.unexpected C.unavoidable D.uneventful()54.A.returned B.fought C.flew D.agreed()55.A.thankful B.generous C.proud D.sympathetic3.[2023·全国甲卷]阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Manyyearsago,IboughtahouseintheGarfagnana,wherewestillgoeverysummer.Thefirsttimewe41there,weheardthechug-chug-chugofamotorbike42itswaydownthehilltowardsus.Itwas43calledMario,comingto44usa