2024年高考英语复习语篇理解技能梳理(通用版)04 阅读理解主旨大意题（原卷版）

04阅读理解主旨大意题命题要点简析阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括和总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力。主旨大意题通常涉及概括文章或者段落大意，揭示主题，选择标题等形式。主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度的概括和总结。主旨大意题包括文章主旨题、段落大意题和标题归纳题。每篇文章都有一个主旨大意。主旨大意题对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。文章主旨大意一般有四种呈现形式：文首、文中、文尾、不明确给出(需要总结)。做这种题要通读文章，重点把握首末段、首末句；作者反复强调的观点或文章中多次出现的词句通常是主旨；注意文中therefore,thus,but,however,inshort,tosumup等表达转折或总结的词语。题型特征总览主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下,对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象,既考查细节理解能力,又考查深层次的推理、概括能力,难度较大。（一）命题方式把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式:1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?/Whatisthetopicofthetext?2.Themainidea/Thegeneralidea/Themainthemeofthispassageis__________.

3.Thelastparagraphendsthepassagewithanemphasison__________.

4.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?5.What’sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythetext?7.Thepassagemainlyfocuseson__________.

（二）解答技巧题型特点解题技巧主题类(内容)考查文章或段落的主旨大意找主题句四窍门:(1)段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however,but,infact,actually等)时,该句很可能是主题句。(2)首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(3)作者有意识地重复的观点,通常是主旨;反复出现的词语,一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。(4)表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等词。标题类要求考生选出文章的最佳标题文章标题三特点:(1)形式一般为单词、短语或句子,短语居多;(2)短小精悍,精确性强;(3)涵盖性强,能覆盖全文大意。题型突破攻略一、文章大意题文章大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。1.主题句法解答主旨大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。(1)根据文体和写作手法来定位主题句(2)根据行文标志来定位主题句转折词如but，however，infact，actually等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正想要表达的观点。总结词如therefore，thus，inshort，conclude等，其后的内容往往是文章的主题。疑问句若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题。2.高频词法全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中的高频词。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。3.逆向思维法在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。注意：1．正确选项特征：涵盖性强，覆盖全文2．错误选项特征(1)以偏概全，主次不分(2)无中生有，曲解文意【典型例题】(2020·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh－techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild，butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath－relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine，anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago，foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income，educationandtheamountofparenttalk，Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child－parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot，ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes，”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould，andabouthalfofthechildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher－incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently，andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However，boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls，andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.27．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Amathematicalmethod.B．Ascientificstudy.C．Awomanpsychologist.D．Ateachingprogram.【分析】·第一步读文章，概括文意：本文介绍了芝加哥大学的一项科学研究，该研究表明，对于2到4岁的孩子来说，玩拼图游戏对他们今后空间技能的提高有益；高收入家庭的孩子接触拼图游戏的时间更长，而且男孩子比女孩子玩的拼图更复杂。·第二步利用关键词法定主旨：文章多次出现了researchers，expert，study，findings等词，主要介绍的是一项科学研究。二、段落大意题段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。概括、总结、归纳段落大意就是用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。【典型例题】(2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample，discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.32．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B．Abigfallincrimerates.C．Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D．Benefitsfromgreenplants.【分析】·第一步首尾兼顾定段意：通读全文可知，Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.是本段的主旨，后通过列举两项科学研究来说明绿色植物对人类的好处。·第二步析选项，斟酌判断：A对不同植物的一项新研究。原文中提到对绿色植物的研究，但不是该段的主旨。以偏概全断章取义B犯罪率大幅下降。用犯罪率下降来证明的是绿色植物的好处，故混淆主次。以偏概全断章取义C来自不同工作场所的员工。虽涉及工作场所的员工，但是以偏概全，不是本段的主题。以偏概全生搬硬套D绿色植物的好处。本段主旨就是列举两项科学研究来说明绿色植物对人类的好处。该项是对本段内容的精炼总结和概括涵盖性强，覆盖全段·第三步比对选项得出答案。三、标题归纳题该类题目要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意最佳标题的特点：精准性强(不改变原文的意义和感情色彩)；覆盖性强(能概括全文并体现文章的主旨)。要首先找出文章的主题句，然后根据文章主题句确定文章标题，如果没有主题句再寻找全文重复性强的关键词或者概括全文。1.利用4大技巧解题关键词法反复出现的词语，多次重复的观点就是体现主旨的关键词主题句法根据文章主题句，确定中心词充当标题穿珠连串法分析文章细节，确定共同点，如同穿珠般，串联细节共同点，确定标题逆向法根据四个选项，考虑其可能内容，对照原文，最相似者为最佳选项2.结合3大特点解题3.排除3种错误选项【典型例题】(2020·浙江7月卷阅读C)Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking，planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage，astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1，000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then，foreightyears，thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激)，demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive(认知)functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’overallhealthstatus.“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise，”saysFranciscaThen，wholedthestudy.“Afteralongrun，youmayfeellikeyou’reinpain，youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork—sure，youwillfeeltired，butitcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.”It’snotjustcorporatejobs，orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit，Thenpointsout.Awaiter’sjob，forexample，thatrequiresmultitasking，teamworkanddecision－makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh－levelofficework.And“runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh－levelplanningandcoordinating(协调)，”shesays.“Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.”Ofcourse，ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons—includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still，continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.30．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkillsB．OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobsC．YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharpD．CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge【分析】·第一步找准文章的主题句：通读全文，本文是“总—分”结构，文章开头提出主旨“Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking，planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage”。·第二步根据正误选项特征，斟酌判断：A、B选项无中生有，曲解文意；D选项以偏概全；主次不分；选项C“棘手的工作可能会帮助你保持思维敏捷”精炼地概括了文章内容。·第三步比对选项得出答案。名校资源学练1（2023秋·福建泉州·高三福建省永春第一中学校考阶段练习）JeremyfromAmericacannotunderstandwhyaladyhemetoutsidetheHydeParkinLondonsaid,“Ooh,isn’titcold?”,andhethinksofthisbehaviourasadistinctivelyEnglishconcernabouttheweather.Infact,thefemalewasjusttryingtostrikeupaconversationwithJeremy.Notnecessarilyalongconversation—justanexchangeofgreetings.Itisnotalwaysquitethatobvious,butallEnglishweatherconversationshaveadistinctivestructureconductedaccordingtounwrittenbutacceptedrules.Theunpredictablenatureofourweatherensuresthatthereisalwayssomethingnewtocommenton,orperhapsmostimportantly,agreeabout.Wehavealreadyestablishedthatweather-speakgreetingslike“Cold,isn’tit?”requiretheresponseexpressingagreement,asin“Yes,isn’tit?”.Itwouldbeveryrudetorespondwith“No,actuallyit’squitemild.”or“It’sprettyhottome.”Ifyoudeliberatelybreaktherule,youwillfindthattheatmospherebecomesrathertenseandawkward.Theremaybeanuncomfortablesilence.Mostlikely,theywilleitherchangethesubjectorcontinuetalkingabouttheweatheramongthemselvespolitely,ifcoldly,ignoringyourfauxpas.Thereis,however,onesituationinwhichEnglishweather-speakersarenotrequiredtoobservetheagreementruleatallandthatisthemale-bondingargument,particularlythepub-argument.Inthespecialenvironmentofthepub,constantdisagreementnotjustontheweather,butoneverythingelseaswellisameansofexpressingfriendship.Whilewemayspendmuchofourtimecomplainingaboutourweather,foreignersarenotallowedtocriticizeit.Indeed,thisbringsustotheweatherasfamilyrule.Inthisrespect,wetreattheEnglishweatherlikeamemberofourfamily:onecancomplainaboutthebehaviorofone’sownchildrenorparents,butanyblamefromanoutsiderisunacceptable.TheweathermaybeoneofthefewthingsaboutwhichtheEnglisharestillunconsciouslyandunashamedlypatriotic（爱国的）.1.WhydidtheladycommentontheweathertoJeremy?A.Tobuildupfriendship.B.Tobeginacasualchat.C.Tosendseasonalgreetings.D.Toexpressdissatisfaction.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“fauxpas”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Improperresponse.B.Carelessattitude.C.Rudeinterruption.D.Frequentcomplaint.3.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Malebondinginpubs.B.Argumentaboutweather.C.Exceptiontotheagreementrule.D.Makingfriendsbydisagreement.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A.PolitenessTipsforForeignersB.AcceptedRulesinSocialLifeC.EnglishPolitenessinWeatherConversationD.HiddenRulesofEnglishWeatherConversation2（2023·辽宁沈阳·沈阳二中校考三模）TerraCycleisacompanythathasrecycledandupcycled(升级改造)justaboutanygarbageitcangetitshandson.Itupcyclesthingslikepensandmarkersintodustbinsandpicnictablesandcigaretteendsintorailroadties.Now,TerraCyclewantstohelpfamilieswasteevenlesswithanewbookMakeGarbageGreat:TheTerraCycleFamilyGuidetoaZero-WasteLifestyle.Thebookispartwake-upcall,parthistorylesson,parthow-to,andpartDIYartsandcraftsinstruction.Inanefforttohelppeopledowhattheycantocurbtheircontributiontothetonsofwastecreatedeveryday,MakeGarbageGreatgivesthehistoryofvariousmaterials,discusseswhythosevariousmaterialsareaproblem,andgivestipsandDIYprojectstorecycleorupcycleeachmaterial.Thereisachaptereachonplastics,metals,paper,glass,wood,rubberandorganics.Eachchapterisfilledwithtonsoftipsandideasforreducingtheamountofwasteyoucreateandforresponsiblyhandlingthewasteyouendupcreatinginyourhome.Ifyou’reaconsciousconsumer,someoftheinformationyoumayalreadyknow,buttherearealsotipsinthisbookthatwillhelpyourecyclemorethanyouthoughtyouwereableto.Ithasinformationonwhereyoucantakeoldsneakers,pillows,andallthatelectronicwastethatseemstopileupquickerandquickereachyear.Whetherthebookinspiresyoutogetalittlecleveratdealingwithyourwasteorsimplyinspiresyoutothinkbeforeyoubuyorbeforeyouthrow,anyonewhoisconcernedabouttheamountofwasteourculturecreateswillfindsomeideashere.Eventhephysicalbookitselfisabitofaninspiration.It’sprintedontree-freepaperandisareminderthatthereisusuallyasustainable(可持续的)alternativetomanyoftheproductsthatwewaste.5.Whatisthebookintendedtodo?A.Toadvertiseforthecompany.B.Tohelpfamiliesmakemoney.C.Toinstructpeopletolearnarts.D.Tohelpfamiliesreducewaste.6.Whatcanweknowaboutthebook?A.Itisintendedforhousewives.B.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.C.Itiswellreceivedallovertheworld.D.Itisnotdifferentfromotherpaperbooks.7.Whatdoestheauthor’sattitudetowardsthebook?A.Positive. B.Negative.C.Doubtful. D.Objective.8.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.LiveAMoreHealthyLife?B.WantAZero-wasteLifestyle?C.TerraCycle—AResponsibleCompanyD.MakeGarbageGreat—AKeytoSuccess3（2023春·天津南开·高三统考阶段练习）Sometimesjustwhenweneedthepowerofmiracles,theyariseintheplaceswewouldleastexpect.OnacoldJanuaryafternoonin1989,IwasclimbingEgypt’sMt.Horeb,hopingtogettothepeakbysunsettoseethevalleybelow.AsIwaswindingupthenarrowpath,I’dsometimesseeotherhikerswhowerecomingdown.Whiletheywouldgenerallypasswithsimplyanodoragreetinginanotherlanguage,therewasonemanwhodidneither.Isawhimcomingandashegotcloser,Icouldseethat,unlikeotherhikers,hewaswearingtraditionalEgyptiangalabia(长袍).Whatmadehisappearancesostrangewasthatthemandidn’tevenappeartobeEgyptian,butwasasmall-framedAsianmanwithlittlehairandroundglasses.Aswenearedoneanother,IsaidHello,butnotasoundcamefromhim.Ithoughtmaybehehadn’theardme.Suddenlyhestoppeddirectlyinfrontofme,lookedupfromtheground,andspokeasinglesentencetomeinEnglish,“Sometimesyoudon’tknowwhatyouhavelostuntilyou’velostit.”AsItookinwhatIhadjustheard,hesimplysteppedaroundmeandcontinuedhisgoingdown.Thatmomentinmylifewasasmallmiracle.Thereasonislessaboutwhatthemansaidbutmoreaboutthetimingandthecontext.Theyearwas1989,anditwasduringmyEgyptianpilgrimage(朝圣),andspecificallyduringmyhiketoMt.Horeb,thatI’dsetthetimeasidetomakedecisionsthatwouldaffectmycareer,myfriends,myfamily,andultimately,mylife.IhadtoaskmyselfwhatthechanceswereofanAsianmandressedinanEgyptiangalabiacomingdownfromthetopofthishistoricmountainjustwhenIwaswalkingup,stoppingbeforeme,andofferinghiswisdom,seeminglyfromoutofnowhere.Myanswertomyownquestionwaseasy:nearlynochance!Inameetthatlastedlessthantwominutes,atotalstrangerhadbroughtsomethingclearandsomethingofawarning,regardingthehugechangesthatIwouldmakewithinamatterofdays.Inmywayofthinking,that’samiracle.Miraclesareeverywhereandoccureverydayfordifferentreasons,inresponsetothedifferentneedsthatwemayhaveinthemoment.Ourjobmaybelessaboutquestioningtheextraordinarythingsthathappeninourdailylivesandmoreaboutacceptingthegiftstheybring.9.BeforetheAsianmanspoke,howdidtheauthorthinkabouthim?A.Hewasveryrudeandstrange.B.Hewasdifferentfromothers.C.Hewasshyandnodtostrangers.D.Helookedordinaryandwastalkative.10.WhydidtheauthormakeapilgrimagetoMtHorebinEgypt?A.Hewasinsearchofamiracleinhislife.B.Itwasaplaceforareligiouspersontoheadfor.C.Heintendedtomakearrangementsforhisfuturelife.D.Hewaitedpatientlyinexpectationofmeetingawiseperson.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“myownquestion”refertoinparagraph6?A.Forwhatreasondidthemanstopbeforeme?B.WhydidtheAsianmangotothemountain?C.WhatchangewouldImakewithinamatterofdays?D.Whatwastheprobabilitythatotherstoldustherightwords?12.WhydidtheauthorviewthemeetwiththeAsianmanasamiracleinhislife?A.BecausetheAsianman’sappearancehadadecidingeffectonhisfuturelife.B.Becausehiswordswereinperfectresponsetotheneedhehadatthatmoment.C.BecausewhattheAsianmansaidwasmeaningfulinthephilosophyoflife.D.BecausetheAsianmanimpressedonhimtheworthofwhathehadpossessed.13.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Canyourecognizeamiracle? B.Isamiraclesignificanttous?C.Whenmightamiracleoccur? D.Whydoweneedamiracle?4（2023·安徽安庆·安庆一中校考模拟预测）RiversaretheveinsoftheEarth,transportingthewaterandnutrients(营养物)neededtosupporttheplanet’secosystems,includinghumanlife.Whilemanynutrientsareessentialtothesurvivaloflife,thereisoneelementtransportedbywaterinriversthatholdsthekeytolifeandtothefutureofourplanet—carbon.CarboniseverywhereandunderstandingthewayitmovesandiseitherreleasedorstoredbytheEarthsystemisacomplexscienceinitself.Carbonstartsitsjourneydownstreamwhennaturalacidrain,whichcontainscarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere,

meltsmineralsinrocks.Thishelpstransformcarbondioxidetobicarbonate(碳酸氢盐)inthewaterthatthenflowsinourrivers.Thisisaverylongprocess,whichisoneofthemainwayscarbondioxideisremovedfromtheatmosphere.Carbonistransportedbyriverstooceansandoncethatcarbonreachestheocean,itisstorednaturallyindeepseasediments(沉淀物)formillionsofyears.Ascarbontravelsdownariver,differentprocessesmayimpactwhetheritcontinuestoflowdownstreamorwhetheritisreleasedintotheatmosphere.Forexample,humanengineering,likeextensivedamconstruction,willresultindramaticchangestohowwaterandsedimentstraveldowntheriver.Somecarbonthatfailstoreachtheseamayreturntotheatmosphereinsomeway,whichcausesmorewarming.Earth’sclimateiscloselyrelatedtothecarboncycle.Weallknowabouttheessentialroleofplantsinconsumingcarbondioxide,butdoweknowenoughaboutrivers?Changingthechemistryandthecourseofriversmayhavesignificantimpactsonhowtheytransportcarbon.Remember:whereverwelive,wealllivedownstream.14.Whereisthecarboninriversoriginallyfrom?A.Theatmosphere. B.Therocks.C.Theacidrain. D.Theupstreamareas.15.WhyishumanengineeringmentionedinParagraph3?A.Toshowhowimportanttolifecarbonis.B.Toexplainhownecessaryitistobuilddams.C.Toshowhowanaturalprocessisinterrupted.D.Toexplainhowhumansfightglobalwarming.16.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.We’dbettermoveupstreamtolive.B.Weshouldprotectplantsalongrivers.C.We’dbetterseekmorehelpfromplants.D.Weshouldbecautiousaboutrivermanagement.17.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WhatHumansDowithRiversB.HowRivers’TransportingCarbonCountsC.WhattheCarbonCycleMeanstoUsD.HowLivingDownstreamAffectstheEarth5（2023秋·重庆万州·高三重庆市万州第二高级中学校考阶段练习）Curiosityiswhatdrivesustokeeplearning,keeptrying,keeppushingforward.Buthowdoesonegenerate(产生)curiosity,inoneselforothers?GeorgeLoewenstein,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegieMellonUniversity,offeredananswerintheclassic1994paper,“ThePsychologyofCuriosity.”Curiosityarises,Loewensteinwrote,“whenattentionbecomesfocusedonagapinone'sknowledge.Suchinformationgapsproducethefeelingofdeprivation(匮乏)labeledcuriosity.Thecuriousindividualismotivatedtoobtainthemissinginformationtoreducethefeelingofdeprivation.”Loewenstein'stheoryhelpsexplainwhycuriosityissuchaforce:it'snotonlyamentalstatebutalsoanemotion,apowerfulfeelingthatdrivesusforward.ScientistDanielWillinghamnotesthatteachersareoften“soeagertogettotheanswerthatwedonotdevoteenoughtimetodevelopingthequestion.”Yetit'sthequestionthatstimulates(刺激)curiosity;beingtoldananswerstopscuriositybeforeitcanevengetgoing.Inhis1994paper,GeorgeLoewensteinnotedthatcuriosityrequiressomebasicknowledge.We'renotcuriousaboutsomethingweknowabsolutelynothingabout.Butassoonasweknowevenalittlebit,ourcuriosityisarousedandwewanttolearnmore.Infact,researchshowsthatcuriosityincreaseswithknowledge:themoreweknow,themorewewanttoknow.Togetthisprocessstarted,Loewensteinsuggests,takestepswithsomeinterestingbutincompleteinformation.Languageteachershavelongusedcommunicationinexercisesthatopenaninformationgapandthenrequirelearnerstocommunicatewitheachotherinordertofillit.Forexample,onestudentmightbegivenaseriesofpicturesforthebeginningofthestory,whilethestudent'spartnerisgivenaseriesofpicturesshowinghowthatsamestoryends.Onlybyspeakingwitheachother(intheforeignlanguagetheyarelearning,ofcourse)canthestudentsfillineachothers'informationgaps.18.Whenonenoticesagapinhisknowledge,he.A.desirestofillitB.tendstobeafraidC.mightgettiredandsadD.willbecomefocusedonhislearning19.WhatdoesDanielWillinghamimplyinthearticle?A.Answersaremoreimportantthanquestions.B.Teachersshouldbeeagertogettotheanswer.C.Teachersknowhowtostimulatestudents’curiosity.D.Teachersarepartlytoblameforstudents’hatingschool.20.AccordingtoGeorgeLoewenstein’spaper,curiosityaboutsomethingoccursonlywhenyou.A.havereadalotofbooks B.knowlittleaboutsomethingC.havesomerelatedinformation D.aregivenincompleteinformation21.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A.Whystudentshateschool.B.Whycuriosityisimportant.C.Howtostimulatecuriosity.D.Whatmakespeoplehungryforknowledge.6（2023秋·吉林长春·高三长春市第五中学校考期末）Oneofthemostpopularbeliefsinparentingistheso﹣calledMozarteffect，whichsaysthatlisteningtomusicbytheAustriancomposerWolfgangMozartcanincreaseachild'sintelligence.SomepregnantwomenhaveevengonesofarastoplayMozartrecordingsonheadphonespressedagainsttheirbellies.Andit'snothardtoseehowMozart'snamebecameassociatedwithaccelerateddevelopment.Hewashistory'sgreatestchildgenius，performingastonishingmusicforkingsandqueensatanagewhenmanyofuswerecontentwithtunelesssinging"I'maLittleTeapot".So，ifyouhavekidsoryou'reexpectingtohavethem，howseriouslyshouldyoutaketheMozarteffect？Willthechildwhodoesn'tlistentoMozartinthecradle（摇篮）belimitedtoanordinarylife？Areyouabadparentifyourkidsdon'tknowaboutanyworksofMozart？Relax.ThereisnoscientificevidencethatlisteningtoMozartimproveschildren'scognitiveabilities.Thewholeideacomesfromasmallstudydonein1993，whichfoundthatcollegestudentswholistenedtoMozart'sSonataforTwoPianosinDMajor（K448）showedsomeimprovementinatestofspatial（空间的）skills.Thisfindingwaslaterdescribedassomethingextremelyamazingbyamusician，DonCampbell，inabook.Campbell'sclaimsaboutthesuperpowersofMozart'smusicwererepeatedendlesslyinthemediaandfueledacrazeforMozart﹣basedenrichmentactivities.In1998，forexample，thegovernorofGeorgiaintheUSArequestedfundstosendclassical﹣musicCDstoallparentsofnewbornsinthestate.Sincethen，scientistshaveexaminedtheclaimthatMozartincreasesintelligenceandfoundnoevidenceforit.Theoriginalexperimentwithcollegestudentswasreviewedin1999，andtheincreaseinthestudents'spatialskillswasfoundtobenegligible.In2007theGermanFederalMinistryofEducationandResearchaskedateamofexpertstoexaminethescientificliteratureregardingMozartandchilddevelopment，andtheyfoundnoreasontobelievethatitincreasedintelligence.22.PeoplerelateMozarttochildren'sintelligencedevelopmentbecausehe.A.ownedextraordinarymusictalent.B.couldperformmusicasachild.C.offeredmusictopregnantwomen.D.wasanroyalAustriancomposer.23.Whatcanweknowaboutthesmallstudyin1993？A.ItaddedtothepopularityofMozart'smusic.B.ItfoundnoevidenceforsupportingMozarteffect.C.Ithelpedcollegestudentsmakeacademicprogress.D.IturgedGeorgia'sgovernortospreadclassicalmusic.24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"negligible"probablymean？A.Sudden.B.Insignificant.C.Average.D.Steady.25.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext？A.NewFindings：MozartEffecttoBeProved.B.SecretsUncovered：HistoryofMozartEffect.C.DoesListeningtoMozartMakeKidsSmarter？D.HowDoesMozartImproveKids'Intelligence？7（2023·陕西渭南·统考一模）WhenIwasastudentatSt.Joseph’sUniversity,IbegantospendtimeonthestreetsofPhiladelphia,gettingtoknowthemenandwomenforwhomthesestreetsweretheironlyhome.ThemoreIdevelopedrelationshipswiththemandthemoreIgottoknowthem,theharderitbecametoheadhomeatnightwhiletheyremainedoutside.Inthisjourney,Ihavehadmanygreatteachers---includingGeorgiannaSimmons,wholostnineofhertoestofrostbite(冻伤),andJoeWilliams,withacollegedegree,whorunsarescuecenterforhomelessmen.I’vebeendoingthisworkformorethanthirtyyears.Peoplewhohavenothinghavetaughtmesomuchaboutlife.Thelessontheyhavetaughtmeisthatpeoplewhoarehomelessneedthesamechancesweallneed:housing,education,employment,andhealthcare.Contrarytooursociety,whichvaluesthoseitbelievesproductiveandrichandoftenignoresthosewhostrugglewithhomelessness,Ibelievethateveryman,woman,andchildhasgifts.Everyonematters!Therefore,Iworkforasocietyinwhicheachpersonisgiventhechancesandresourcestoachievetheirfullestpotential(潜力).Ialsobelievethatourgreatestpowerisreleasedwhenpeoplecometogetheracrosssocialboundaries(边界)toformacommunity.Itisthrough“thepowerofus”thatwecometoknowthedeepesttruthofourhumanity.ThisiswhatItrulybelieve,“Noneofusaretrulyhomeuntilallofusarehome.”26.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheauthorafterheknewmoreaboutthehomeless?A.Hewantedtomakefriendswiththem. B.Headmiredthelifetheywereliving.C.Hedecidedtoliveonthestreets. D.Hefeltgreatpityforthem.27.WhatcanwelearnaboutJoeWilliams?A.Hehasmadestudiesonthehomeless.B.Hehasbeenhomelessforalongtime.C.Hehasdonesomethinggoodforthehomeless.D.Hehastakencareofthehomelessathishome.28.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph3?A.Thehomelessaretakenseriouslybythegovernment.B.Weshouldprovidehousesforthehomeless.C.Thehomelesshavefewerchancesthanus.D.Thenumberofthehomelessisincreasing.29.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.EveryonemattersB.HowthehomelessliveC.ThebestwaytohelpthehomelessD.Whatweshoulddotohelpourselves8（2023春·重庆江北·高三重庆十八中校考开学考试）Somethingstrangehasbeenhappeningtomelately:WomeninthestreethavebeentellingmeI'mbrave.Myactofcourageisn'tmuch-Ijuststoppedcoloringmyhair.IhadbrownhairthatstartedgoinggraywhenIwas30.So,likealotofwomen,Istarteddyeing(染)it.Itwasex