主题阅读 语言多彩的文化 学案 2022届高考英语复习备考

主题阅读语言，多彩的文化学案2022届高考英语复习备考

素养解读

语言是人类最重要的交际工具，它是以语音为物质外壳，以词汇为建筑材料，以语法

为结构规律而构成的体系。语言是文化的有机组成部分，也是文化的载体。世界文明的多

样性很大程度上表现为世界语言的多样性。言吾言是文明的重要特征之一，人们借助语言保

存和传递人类文明的成果，传承人类千年的文明。

视角拓展

了解汉语

1Chineseholdsthetoppositionasthemostusedmothertongue.In2020,the

numberofChinesenativespeakerstotalledabout1,000millionpeople.Justimagine

howmanymorepeopleyou'dbeabletotalktoafterlearningsomeChinese!Letstakea

lookatseveralfactsyoushouldknowaboutthiscomplicatedandverydifferentlanguage.

2Chinesehasdifferentcalligraphy（书法）styles.Thereareseveraltraditionalforms

ofChinesecalligraphy.Theyareconsideredclassicalartsandrepresentativesof

Chineseartstyles.Themostpopularcalligraphystyleisthesealcharacter（篆体）style

developedbytheHanpeople.ItfirstappearedduringtheZhouDynastyandremains

popularamongcalligraphyartiststoday.

3Chinesehasthemostsimilarsoundingwords.Thankstoitsuniquesoundsystem,

Chineseisfilledwithsimilarsoundingwords.Thismakesitquitedifficultfornonnative

speakerstodifferentiatebetweenwordsandsoundcombinations.Whenyouaddinthe

tones,itmakesChineseoneofthemostdifficultlanguagestolistentoandunderstand.

Notbeingexposedtothesesimilarsounds,Englishspeakersoftenfinditimpossibleto

pickoutthedifferences.

4Itstheonlymodernpictographic（象形）language.TheChineselanguagewas

developedusingimages.ManyChinesecharactersweusetodaycomefromancient

drawingsoftheitemstheyaremeanttodescribe.Thiscanbeveryhelpfulforthose

learningChineseforthefirsttime.Acommonexampleisthewordformountain.The

threepointsofthecharacteraremeanttoresemblethethreepeaksofamountainridge.

5Chineseremainsoneoftheoldestlanguagesinuse.TheoriginofChinesecomes

fromthediscoveryofthefamousOracleBones.ThesebonesdatefromtheShang

Dynasty.Withsucharichhistory,Chinesehasobviouslyundergonemanychangesand

influencesduetowarsandculturalshifts.However,thelanguagehascontinuedto

grow.

6BorrowedwordsfromEnglishmightsoundfamiliar.Thankstoanincreasein

exposuretoWesternculture,Chinesehasmanyloanwords,orwordsborrowedfrom

English,inusetoday.Someexamplesincludekafei(咖啡)，shafa(沙发)，qiaokeli

(巧克力)andsoon.

ReadingCheck

I.Decideifeachstatementistrue(T)orfalse(F).

()1.Chinesehadabout1,000millionforeignspeakersin2020.

()2.ThesealcharacterstylewasdevelopedbytheHanpeople.

()3.TheexistenceofsimilarsoundingwordsinChineseisduetoitsunique

soundsystem.

()4.Chinesecanimitatetheimagesofdifferentitems.

()5.Theunderlinedword"undergone"inparagraph5canbereplacedby

"lookedthrough".

()6.Chineseisopentoforeignlanguagetosomeextent.

II.Discussion

Apartfromthesebasicfactsmentionedinthetext,doyouknowanyotherfacts

aboutChinese?

LanguageStudy

I.Memorizesometextcenteredchunks

mothertongue母语

thenumberof......的数量

nativespeakers母语使用者

takealookat看...

thanksto多亏了...;由于....

differentiatebetween...and...区分...和....

beexposedto接触...

pickout挑出

forthefirsttime第一次

datefrom追溯至...

II.Discovertheusefulstructureinthetext

"findit+adj.+todo...”句型，意为“发现做某事……”，能用于此黜i构中的动词还有make、

think>consider>believe等。

Notbeingexposedtothesesimilarsounds,Englishspeakersoftenfinditimpossible

topickoutthedifferences.由于没有接触到这些类似的发音，说英语的人经常会发现很难

找出它们的区别。

OriginsofEnglish英语的起源

BritishCouncil

1.

1ThestoryoftheEnglishlanguagebeganinthefifthcenturywhenGermanictribes

invadedCeltic-speakingBritainandbroughttheirlanguageswiththem.Later,

ScandinavianVikingsinvadedandsettledwiththeirlanguagestoo.In1066,WilliamI,

frommodern-dayFrance,becameking,andNorman-Frenchbecamethelanguageof

thecourtsandofficialactivity.Peoplecouldn'tunderstandeachotheratfirst,because

thelowerclassescontinuedtouseEnglishwhiletheupperclassesspokeFrench,but

graduallyFrenchbegantoinfluenceEnglish.Anestimated45percentofallEnglish

wordshaveaFrenchorigin.

2.

2ThespreadofEnglishallovertheworldhasanuglyhistorybutarichandvibrant

present.DuringtheEuropeancolonialperiod,severalEuropeancountries,including

England,competedtoexpandtheirempires.Theystoleland,labourandresources

frompeopleacrossAfrica,Asia,theAmericasandOceania.BythetimeformerBritish

coloniesbegantogainindependenceinthemid-20thcentury,Englishhadbecome

establishedintheirinstitutions.ManybrilliantwritersfromdiverseplacesacrossAfrica,

theCaribbeanandAsiahadstartedwritinginEnglish,tellingtheirstoriesofoppression.

PeoplefromallovertheworldwereusingEnglishtotalkandwriteaboutjustice,equality,

freedomandidentityfromtheirownperspectives.ThedifferentvarietiesofEnglish

createdthroughthishistoryofmigrationandcolonization(殖民土也化)areknownas

WorldEnglish's.

3.

3Morethan1.75billionpeoplespeakEnglishworldwide-that'saround1in4people

aroundtheworld.Englishisbeingusedmoreandmoreasawayfortwospeakerswith

differentfirstlanguagestocommunicatewitheachother.Formanypeople,theneedto

communicateismuchmoreimportantthantheneedtosoundlikeanativespeaker.If

you'rereadingthis,Englishisyourlanguagetoo.

A.InternationalEnglish

B.ThespreadofEnglish

C.TheoriginsofEnglish

D.ThedevelopmentofEnglish

ReadingCheck

I.Matcheachparagraphwithitsgist.(Oneisextra.)

II.Decideifeachstatementistrue(T)orfalse(F).

()1.Inthefifthcentury,FrenchwastheofficiallanguageinBritain.

()2.Englishcametobespokeninmanycountriesoftheworldbecauseof

migrationandcolonization.

()3.PeoplefromformerBritishcoloniestookEnglishandusedittodescribe

theirownexperience.

()4.AboutaquarterofthepeopleintheworldspeakEnglish.

()5.Everyoneagreesthatit'sabadthingtohavemanyvarietiesofEnglish.

LanguageStudy

Matchthedefinitions(A-F)withthevocabulary(1-6).

VocabularyDefinition

1.invadeA.goandlivesomewherepermanently

2.settleB.theincreaseofsomethinginalargerarea

3.spreadC.energeticandexciting

4.vibrantD.apointofview

5.oppressionE.enterandtakecontrolofacountrybyforce

6.perspectiveF.unfairorcrueltreatmentofagroupofpeople

增进相互理解的新语言

1AnewAfricanlanguageishelpingtoreducetensionsandbringyoungpeople

togetherincertainareas.Andacademicsaresoimpressedbythelanguage'spotential

thatasocialmediaplatformpromotingitwillformthesubjectofamajorpresentationat

thisyear'seLearningAfrica,thecontinent'sleadingconferenceontechnology-assisted

learning,traininganddevelopment.

2Thelanguage,Shang,combinesKiswahili,EnglishandanumberofKenyan

tribalwords,alongwithalittleofArabic,Hindi,French,German,SpanishandItalian.

ItwasbornonthestreetsofNairobi.

3NowasasocietyinKenya,GoShang,ishelpingtocelebrateandpromotethe

language,whichisalmostgenerallyusedbyyoungpeoplesomuchthatithasbecome

thefirstlanguageofmanyyoungKenyansinurbanareas.

4Thesocietyprovidesaplatformforsocialdialoguesofthelanguage'sgrowing

numbersofspeakers.Indoingso,itisgivingvoicetoapowerfulalternativeculturein

KenyaandcelebratingthemanytriballanguagesthatcontributetoShang.

5GoShangusesavarietyofdifferentmeanstogrowShanglanguageandculture.

Itsmostsignificantachievement,todate,hasbeenthedevelopmentofaShang

dictionary,whichcontainsover3,900wordsandcontinuestogrowrapidly.Itfunctions

asasociallydrivenresource,whereregisteredmemberscanaddwordsorphrases

whichthengetvotedforbyothermembers,beforebeingacceptedasauthentic.Go

Shangalsorunsawebsiteandvarioussocialmediachannels,whichhaveanonline

communityofaround15,000activeparticipants.

ReadingCheck

Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.

Detail1.WhatdoeseLearningAfricausuallydo?

A.Promotelanguageresearches.

B.InventnewAfricanlanguages.

C.Developtechnologylearningandtraining.

D.Helppeoplelearnanddevelopwithtechnology.

Detail2.WhatisthemostsuccessfulworkdonebyGoShang?

A.Bringingculturalharmonyandbetterunderstanding.

B.Runningawebsiteandvariousmediachannels.

C.Workingasaresourcetoidentifywords.

D.DevelopingaShangdictionary.

Inference3.WhatcanweknowaboutShang?

A.Itwillstilltakeinnewwordsapprovedandacceptedbyvoting.

B.ItcombinesKiswahili,RussianandanumberofKenyantribalwords.

C.Itwasborninsomeoftheareashardlyinfluencedbylocalcustoms.

D.IthasbecomethefirstlanguageofmanyyoungKenyansinruralareas.

Language