天津市部分区2021届高三英语一模试题汇编：阅读理解

天津市部分区2021届高三英语一模试题分类汇编

阅读理解

2021届天津市河西区高三下学期总复习质量调查（一）（一模）英语试题

第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Studentsofallagesneedtohaveareliablebackpackandwhichisyourfavouriteone?

AmazonBasicsClassicBackpack

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everythingthatisunnecessarywhilekeepingthemostimportantfunctionthatcustomersdesire.

TheClassicBackpackmaynotlooklikemuch,butthatisabigpartofitsappeal.Ifscheapand

cheerful,lightweightyetlong-lastingwithvelcro（尼龙刺粘搭链）sidepocketsandalargecenter.

Withanaverageratingof4.5starsbasedonover250customerreviews,thisisawell-made

backpackataterrificprice.

Price:From$18.00

TheNorthFaceRefractorDuffelPack

Wanttoheadofftoschoolwithaslightlydifferentbackpackthatisn'twayoutthere?The

definitelyboxyRefractorDuffelPackfromTheNorthFaceoffershandlesonboththetopandthe

side,plustheusualshoulderbelts,fbrseveralwaystocarry.Theclamshelldesignalsoincludesa

quick-accesspocketonthefrontandanincludedtabletsleeve.100%ofreviewersonTheNorth

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site.

Price:$155.00

HighSierraPowerglideRollingLaptopBackpack

Carryingheavytextbooksandothersuppliesaroundalldaycangetawfullytiringonthe

shoulders,backandhips.Aneasierwaytogetbetweenclassesiswitharollingbackpacklikethe

HighSierraPowerglide.Themulti-compartmentdesignincludesacushionedsleeveforlaptops

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Price:$60.00

36.WhatisthemostremarkablefeatureoftheClassicBackpack?

A.Ithasmanyfunctions.

B.Itdoesn'thaveanyspareparts.

C.Itisheavybutlong-lasting.

D.Itonlyhasalargecenter.

37.What'stheconvenienceoftheRefractorDuffelPack?

A.Itisdifficulttoopenandshut.

B.Ithasextrapocketsonthefront.

C.Itoffersdifferentwaystocarry.

D.Itcanbecarriedfromeveryside.

38.WhereistheHighSierraPowerglidedifferentfromtheothers?

A.Ithaswheels.

B.Itisheavytocarry.

C.Itcancontaintextbooks.

D.Ithasaplacetouseacomputer.

39.Whatdothethreeproductshaveincommon?

A.Theyareallexpensive.

B.Theyareallsoldonlyonline.

C.Theyallhavelargespaceinside.

D.Theyareallgivenpraisebycustomers.

B

Weoftensaythatintelligencemeansbeingabletosolveproblems.Someanimalsseemable

todothis.Forexample,dogsandcatsoftenfindtheirwayhomefromlongdistances.Todothis

theyhavetousetheirintelligence.Theyhavetorememberandthink.Butmanybirdsfindtheir

wayoverlongdistances,too.Theytravelthousandsofmileseveryyearwhentheymovefrom

coldtowarmcountries.Wedonotknowhowtheydothisbutweknowthattheydonotusetheir

intelligence.Theydonotrememberplacesanddirectionsandthenmakedecisions.Youngbirds

areabletomakethesejourneyswithouthelpassoonastheycanfly.Theyarebornwiththis

ability.Thisisnotintelligence.Wecallthis“instinct”.

Oftenwecannotbesurewhetherananimalisactingintelligentlyorinstinctively.Whena

doghearsastrangenoise,itbarks.Thisisinstinct.Itcannotstopitselffromdoingthis.Itdoesnot

reallyknowwhyitisdoingthis.Butsupposinganoiseisonfireandthedogbarksoutsideits

master'sbedroomuntilhewakesup.Isthedogusingitsintelligence?Isitsolvingtheproblemby

wakingitsmasterorisitsimplybarkinginstinctivelybecauseitisafraid?Oftenwecannotbe

sure.

Manyanimals,however,canbetaughttosolveproblems,especiallywhentheyaregiven

rewards.Ratshavebeentaughttotouchakeytogetfood.Animalsincircuses（马戏团）havebeen

taughttodoallsortsoftrickstoamusetheaudience.Inallthesecaseswemaysaythatananimal

isusingintelligence.Itissaying,4tIfIdothis,Iwillgetareward.Therefore,Iwilldoit."This

maybethoughtofasalowkindofintelligence.

40.Tofindtheirwayhomefromlongdistances,catsanddogshaveto.

A.usetheirinstinct

B.usetheirintelligence

C.travelthousandsofmiles

D.getenoughfood

41.Birdsdon'thaveintelligencebecause

A.theycannotfindtheirwayhome

B.theydon'trememberplacesanddirectionsandthenmakedecisions

C.youngbirdsareabletofly

D.theycannotbearcoldweather

42.Wesayadogisnotusingitsintelligencewhenbarkingatastrangenoisebecause.

A.itcannotcontrolitself

B.itknowshowtobarkwhenithasgrownup

C.wearenotsureofit

D.itstopspeoplefromgettingintoahouse

43.Animalsincircusesdoallsortsoftrickstoamuseanaudiencebecause.

A.theyknowhowtospeak

B.theyliketodoso

C.theyknowtheywillberewarded

D.theyareafraidofhumanbeings

44.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?

A.Wearenotsurewhetherbirdsusetheirinstinctwhentheyflylongdistances.

B.Evenyoungbirdscantravellongdistances.

C.Animalsknowhowtosolveaproblemifyouteachthem.

D.Aratisshowingalowkindofintelligencewhenittouchesakeytogetfood.

C

Lastyear,apopularrestaurantreleasedalivestreamofafamilydininginit,withoutasking

theirpermission.Afterfindingoutwhattherestaurantwasdoing,thefamilyshowedtheir

objection,buttherestaurantignoreditandinsistedthattheyhadtherighttodoit.Moreover,they

triedtosilencethefamily,sayingthattheirbehaviorwasdamagingtherestaurant^image.This

eventhascausedadebateontheviolationofprivacyandportraitrightsbywebcasts.

Itdoesn'tbothersomepeoplewhentheirimagesareunconsciouslyrecordedbycameras

andshownthroughlivestreamsondifferentonlineplatforms.Theymayevenenjoyappearingon

screensandcooperatewithsomebusinesses.Inthatway,therestaurantcanhavemorepublic

exposureandthusattractmorecustomers,whichistheirpurposeofwebcasting.However,others

includingthefamilymentionedabove,areagainstit.Thefamilythoughtthattheirportraitrights

wereviolated,consideringnoonehadaskedifitwasokaytousetheimagesofthem.Theyfound

intolerablethattheiractionscapturedbythecamerawerewebcastlivetomillionsofviewers,not

tomentionthefactthatsomeofthemwerenotsodecent.Thustheydemandedanapologyfrom

restaurant.

Peoplemaybehaveinarelaxedwaywheneatingorresting,andtheydon'twantotherstosee

theminthisway.Thus,fromalegalperspective,ifbusinesseswebcasttheircustomersfor

commercialreasons,theyhaveviolatedcustomersportraitrights.

Webcastingsomeonewithouthisorherconsentamountstoaviolationofportraitrights,

whichisgettingincreasinglycommonthesedaysascellphonewebcastingisgrowinginpopularity

fortechnicalconvenience.However,publicawarenessofprivacyprotectionisstillfallingbehind.

Moreshouldbedonetomakesurewebcastingisdevelopingsustainably,withoutviolating

people'slegalrights.

45.Whatisthemajorissuearguedinthepassage?

A.Afamousrestaurantpublishedalivestreamofafamilydininginit.

B.Thefamilyshowedtheirobjectiontothefamousrestauranfswebcast.

C.Therestaurantignoredtheobjectionandinsistedtheyhadtherighttodoit.

D.Therestaurantclaimedthatthefamilywasdamagingtherestaurant^image.

46.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inParagraph2referto?

A.Customersenjoyappearingonscreens.

B.Customerscooperatewithsomebusinesses.

C.Customersareshownthroughlivestreamsonline.

D.Customersareunconsciouslyrecordedbycameras.

47.Whichofthefollowingbehaviorsmayviolatecustomers9privacyandportraitrights?

A.Businesseswebcastcustomersliveaccordingtotheiragreement.

B.Businesseswebcastcustomersforcommercialreasonsandpaythem.

C.Businesseswebcastcustomersimproperactionswiththeirpermission.

D.Businesseswebcastcustomersbehavinginarelaxedwaywithoutinformingthem.

48.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Publicawarenessofprivacyprotectionisincreasing.

B.Afamousrestaurantreleasedalivestreamofafamily.

C.Howcanpeoplebehaveinarelaxedwaywhenhavingarest.

D.Adebateonwhetherwebcastsviolateprivacyandportraitrights.49.Whatistheauthor's

attitudetowardwebcasts?

A.Objective.B.Negative.C.Positive.D.Subjective.

D

Thestoryofavoyagebearingwitnesstoplasticpollutionintheoceans,JunkRaft,basedon

facts,isanexcitingbook.ScienceeducatorandresearcherMarcusEriksen'snavigationalfeat（航

海壮举）isholdingreaders,attentionandinterest—88dayscrossingsome4,000kilometers

ofopenocean,onaraft（筏子）madeof15,000plasticbottleswrappedinfishingnets.Butitis

more.Twoequallyfascinatingstorylinesaremadeupthroughthewrittenrecordsofaseriesof

events:Eriksen'sevolutionfromsoldiertoresearchdirectoroftheenvironmentalnon-profit5

GyresInstitute,andthejourneyweallneedtotaketowardsamoresustainableuseofplastics.

Around15%ofallthelitterinouroceansisplastic,andacalculated5milliontonsofplastic

wasteentertheseasannually.Unavoidably,itisnowpresentattheseasurfaceandonshorelines,

inArcticseasandontheseabedatdepthsof3,500metres.Around700seaspeciesareknownto

comeintocontactwithpiecesofwasteplasticmaterial—andcanbeharmedorkilledbytakingin

itorbecomingtwistedandcaughtinit.

Thisenvironmentalchallengehasattractedincreasingscientific,mediaandsocietalattention

inrecentyears,yetfewaccountshaveconveyedthewiderpictureaccessiblyJunkRaftdoesjust

this-whileexposingourfrustratinglyslowprogressonanissueofmajorimportancetofisheries,

tourismand,finally,thehealthoftheworld'soceans.

Eriksenliststheissuesassociatedwiththeaccumulationofseaplastic:thecauses,

consequencesandpotentialsolutions.Oursingleusecultureisthemainoffender.Formorethan

60years,societyandindustryhavebeenproducingmoreandmorethrowawayitemsparticularly

packaging.Eriksentakesthecrisisintoconsiderationtogetherwithatimelineofscientific

discoveryandadvancementsincethe1970s.Eriksenbelievesthatthetroublesofindustryand

policyinvolvementisbecausepeoplelackcorrectconsciousnessoftheproblem.

Wearebroughtbacktotherealitiesoflifeaboardtheraft,withEriksen'sfellowsailorJoel

Paschal.Thisisbothfascinatingandeventful,fromtheirslow,occasionallyverydangerous

progresstothemomentswhenitseemstheraftwillbreakupintopieces,litteringtheoceanwith

thewastematerial,Eriksenistryingsohardtofightagainst.

JunkRaftisfilledwithadventure,romance,asenseofoptimismandimportanttruthsthat

willbeneededbythethousandsofgroups.Itservesasareflectionofthechoicesandjourneysthat

eachofusmakesandhelpsusunderstandhowplasticintheoceansiscloselyconnectedwiththe

futureofhumanlife.

50.WhatmakesthebookJunkRaftattractivetoreaders?

A.Eriksen'sfellowsailorJoelPaschal.

B.Effortsmadetoputanendtotheuseofplastics.

C.Erisken'sadventuresontheplasticoceanonaraft.

D.Eriksen'ssoldierlyserviceandenvironmentalstudy.

51.Whathasraisedpeople'sconcernaccordingtothepassage?

A.Morerubbishbeingpouredintotheoceans.

B.Plasticsaccumulatinginrarespeciesoffish.

C.Manyspeciesintheoceanssufferingfromshock.

D.Thewatersoftheoceansbeingpollutedbyplastics.

52.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this"inParagraph3referto?

A.Makingaccountsaccessible.

B.Listingtheenvironmentalissues.

C.Takingthepollutionintoaccount.

D.Facingtheenvironmentalchallenge.

53.Whatisthemainreasonforseaplasticpollution?

A.Theoveruseofhouseholditems.

B.Thewastefulthrowawayculture.

C.Theproductionofmorematerials.

D.Thefailuretofindpotentialsolutions.

54.Accordingtothepassage,thetroubleofindustryandpolicyengagementisthat.

A.thecurrentpolicyisyettobefurtherperfected

B.peopleturnablindeyetotheplasticsindustry

C.peoplelackcorrectawarenessoftheproblem

D.themarketneedforplasticsisenlargingonland

55.Whatistheauthor5sattitudetowardEriksen'swork?

A.Cautious.B.Ambiguous.C.Doubtful.D.Appreciative.

天津市河北区2021届高三年级总复习质量检测（一）（一模）英语试题

第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Atatimewhentranslationtechnologyisadvancingsoquickly,manypeoplearenow

questioningtheneedforasecondlanguage.

Butmanyspeakersofforeignlanguagespraisethebenefitsoflearninganadditionallanguage.

ThreenativeEnglishspeakerstelltheBBCwhylearningasecondlanguageisimportantandhowit

haschangedtheirlife.

AlexChaffer:"Itgavemetheconfidencetointerviewfootballers."

WhenImovedtoGermanyfouryearsagoIcouldonlysay"heHo''and"thankyou”in

German.ThefirstyearIwashereIdidn'tlearnalot.Iamnowfluentinthelanguageandworkona

websitethatcoversGermany'stopfootballleague,Bundesliga.

LearningGermanhasopeneddoorsformeprofessionally.Ididn'tinterviewfootballersfor

threeyearsbecauseIdidn'thavetheconfidenceinmyspeakingabilities,butnowIcangouptoany

player.Ithastotallychangedmywayofliving.

JamesWestgarth:"Igavemychildrenthegiftofasecondlanguage.”

MyfirstintroductiontoaforeignlanguagewasatacomprehensiveschoolwhereIlearnt

French.MyparentshadnolanguageskillsbuttheyencouragedmesoIcouldorderfoodwhenwe

wentonholidays.

Theresultisa23-yearinternationalcareer.Iamnowasourcingdirectoratasubsidiaryof

Lufthansa.ThesuccessIhaveexperiencedinmycareercanbeboileddowntomylanguageskills

andtheculturalawarenesstheyhavebroughtme.

Myowntwochildren,whoattendaninternationalschoolinToulouse,areofcoursebilingual

inFrenchandEnglish.Nowtheyhavealotofinternationalfriendsandthey'rediscoveringthe

worldthroughtwosetsofeyes.ThegiftofasecondlanguageisthebestthingIcangivetothem.

CassandraScott:"ForeignlanguagesdidwondersformyEnglish.”

Istudiedthreelanguagesinmyfinalyearatschool:French,GermanandRussian.Iamnowa

freelancetranslatorinEdinburgh.Learninglanguagesatschoolreallysetthecoursefbrmycareer.

Sincestudyingtranslation,Ihaveworkedasanin-housetranslatorandanassistantlanguageteacher

forEnglishinOsaka,Japan.

LearningforeignlanguagesalsodidwondersformyEnglish.Itgavemeanewperspectiveon

myownlanguageandalsogavemeextrapracticeinidentifyingpartsofspeech,andlateron,

analyzingliterature.

36.WhatdoesAlexChafferprobablydoaccordingtothepassage?

A.Afootballplayer.B.Afootballcoach.

C.Asportscommenter.D.Asportsjournalist.

37.WecanlearnfromJamesWestgarth?sexperiencethat.

A.heteacheshistwochildrenFrenchbyhimself

B.hestartedtolearnFrenchafterhejoinedLufthansa

C.hehasbenefitedalotfromhisunderstandingofFrenchculture

D.hewasencouragedtolearnFrenchsothatonedayhecouldworkabroad

38.WhatbenefitdidCassandraScottgetfromlearningforeignlanguage?

A.SheiscurrentlyteachingEnglishfull-timeinJapan.

B.Beingatranslatorhasbeenherdreamsincechildhood.

C.Foreignlanguagelearningprovidednewideasaboutlanguage.

D.ForeignlanguagelearninghelpedCassandradecidehercareerpath.

39.Thepassagefocuseson

A.whyweneedtolearnaforeignlanguage

B.whywecanseetheworldinaspecialway

C.whyaforeignlanguagemakesyouawareofadifferentculture

D.whyaforeignlanguagedeepenstheunderstandingofourculture

B

HitaGuptausedtovolunteeratanursinghome,tryingtobrightenthedaysoftheresidents.

Nowshespreadssunshinefarandwide.

Asa15-year-oldsophomoreatConestogaHighSchool,Hitahascreatedanonprofit

organizationthatspecializesinbringingcheertosociallyisolatedseniors.HerBrightenADay

foundationstartedoutbysendinggoodiebagswithanadultcoloringbook,alarge-printpuzzlebook

andcrayonstoPhiladelphia-areanursinghomesandsendingletterswithupliftingmessagesto

facilitiesinneighboringstates.

Hitahassincewidenedthescopeofherproject,whichisbackedbydonationsthrougha

GoFundMepageaswellastheworkofanexpandingarmyofvolunteers.Theprojecthasreachedas

farasHawaiiandnowincludesvideomessagesaswellasthedeliveryofsmartdevicestohelp

residentscommunicatewithlovedones."We'vebeenabletoreachsomanyseniors—whoare

amongtheloneliestpeopleinoursociety-andletthemknowtheyarenotalone,vHitasaid.

Hita'sprojecthasliftedspiritsattheGenesisWayneCenter,accordingtoKayleeNichols,the

9,

facility'sdirect。匚"It'simpressivetoseeahighschoolstudenttakethatkindofinitiative,Nichols

said."Thatgeneration,theynormallydon'tthinkaboutseniors.,,

Hitawasmotivatedtotakeactionwhenofficialsatthenursinghomewheresheusedto

volunteersaidthatshecouldn'tvisitanymorebecauseofthecoronavirusoutbreak.Itmadeher

determinedtodosomethingelsetotrytohelp.ShestartedtheGoFundMepage,expandedthe

foundation^websiteandbeganorganizingvolunteersfromaroundthecountrytowritecardsor

makevideosfornursinghomeresidents,whohavebeenthemostseverelyimpactedby

COVID-19.Hitaalsoexpandedherprojecttoincludetheacquisitionanddistributionofsmart

devicestonursinghomesandlong-termcarefacilities.

"I'mveryproudthatHitaisabletobringsmilestosomanyseniors/5hermother,Swait,wrote

inanemail.Hitasaidherfoundation^namewasareflectionofherdetenninationtochaseaway

doubtanddepressionforfolksinneed."Ithoughtofthesun,“Guptasaid.4tIthoughtofpeopleinthe

dark,lonely,andhowmuchIwantedtobrightentheirdaysandbringjoytothem.”

40.WhatisthemainaimofHita'sBrightenADayproject?

A.Toraisefundsfbrnursinghomes.

B.Todelivercaretoseniorsatnursinghomes.

C.Toteachseniorstocommunicateeffectively.

D.Tofacilitatethedevelopmentofthenursingindustry.

41.WhatcanwelearnabouttheBrightenADayprojectfromthetext?

A.ItstartedinHawaiiandthenexpandedtootherstates.

B.Itissupportedbyvolunteersacrossthecountry.

C.Itencouragesseniorstousesmartdevicesless.

D.Itoffersitsdonorsaspecialgoodiebag.

42.AccordingtoParagraph4,NicholthoughthighlyofHitabecause.

A.HitatooktheleadinhelpingseniorsB.Hitadistributednursingdevicesfor

seniors

C.HitastartedtheGoFundMepageforseniorsD.Hitaorganizedvolunteerstowrite

cardstoseniors

43.HowdoesHitaGupta'sfamilyfeelaboutherefforts?

A.Surprised.B.Frustrated.C.Supportive.D.

Disappointed.

44.Whatdoesherfoundation'snamemean?

A.Itshowsherresolutiontogetridofpeople'ssadfeeling.

B.It'sareflectionofherdecisiontoexpandherproject.

C.Itmirrorsherdoubttobringjoytopeopleinneed.

D.Itisthepublicimageofherproject.

45.WhatcanwelearnfromHita'sstory?

A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.

B.Freecarefacilitiesforseniorsarenecessary.

C.Smilingmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.

D.Bringingspiritualpleasuretotheelderlyismeaningful.

C

Imaginetakingtotheskies,spreadingyourarmsoutandsoaring（翱翔）throughtheclouds.

Flyingisindeedpossible-inyourdreams.Butnoonecancontrolwhathappensindreams,right?

Wrong.

Dreamsinwhichyouareawarethatyouaredreamingandcancontrolwhathappensarecalled

luciddreams（清醒梦）.Thesedreamsaremostcommonduringthestageofsleepknownasrapid

eyemovement（REM）sleep.

Luciddreaminghasbeenreferencedthroughouthistory.It'smentionedinGreekphilosopher

Aristotle'swritingaswellasinEgyptianhieroglyphics（象形文字）andintheoraltraditionsof

Australianaborigines.However,itwasn'tuntil1975thatBritishpsychologistKeithHearnewas

creditedasthefirstpersontoproducescientificproofthatluciddreamsoccur.Sincethen,wehave

learnedmuchmoreaboutthisphenomenon.

AccordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalConsciousnessandCognition,55percentof

peoplehavehadaluciddreamatleastonceintheirlifetime,while23percentexperiencelucid

dreamsonceamonthormore.Thoughthesenumbersshowthatthemajorityofpeopledon'thave

luciddreamsregularly,scientistsaredevelopingnewtechnologyforthosewhowanttohavethis

experience.Forexample,CurzioVasapolloinventedadevicecalledZMax,aheadbandthatcan

monitoreyemovements,bodymovementsandheartratetohelppeoplehavealuciddream.

Butwhywouldsomeonewanttohaveluciddreams?Asitturnsout,luciddreamingcanhave

manybenefits.AlixGenerous,ayoungwomansufferingfromautism（自闭症），saidinherTED

talk："Iloveluciddreamingbecauseitallowsmetobefree,withoutjudgmentofsocialandphysical

consequences.^^Also,learninghowtohaveluciddreamsmayhelpthosewhosufferfrom

nightmares.Throughbeingabletocontroltheiractions,theymaybeabletoovercomethecauseof

theirfear.

Luciddreamsmayencouragecreativityaswell.AccordingtothewebsiteNotesRead,those

whoexperiencethisdreamstatewillfindaccessto“anunbelievablefundofknowledgeand

inspiration”.Forexample,BritishAmericanfilmmakerChristopherNolantookinspirationfromhis

ownluciddreamswhenhewrotethe2010sci-fimovieInception.Maybeoneday,everyonecan

indulgein（沉浸在）luciddreams.

46.Whatcanweknowaboutluciddreaming?

A.It'slikelytocausenightmares.

B.Mostpeopleexperienceluciddreams.

C.ItusuallyhappensduringREMsleep.

D.Wecansleepwalkwhenluciddreaming.

47.Fromwhichsourcecanyoufindscientificproofofluciddreaming?

A.Aristotle'swriting.B.Egyptianhieroglyphics.

C.KeithHearne'sresearch.D.Australianaborigines5oraltraditions.

48.AdevicecalledZMaxwasinventedtohelppeoplewhowant

A.topreventnightmaresB.todosomeliterarywriting

C.toexperiencealuciddreamD.tohavesweetdreamsregularly

49.Howdoesluciddreamingbenefitpeople?

A.Itcanbeasourceofcreativity.B.Itisaneffectivecureforautism.

C.Ithelpspeopleadjusttheirheartrate.D.Itenablespeopletobecome

confident.

50.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Todemonstratenewtechnologiestotreatsleepdisorder.

B.Togiveageneralintroductionofluciddreaming.

C.Todescribeanexperimentaboutluciddreaming.

D.Topresentawaytodealwithluciddreaming.

D

Shouldwefocusonourgoalorontheprocess?

WhathappenedtoBrendaMartinez,aUSOlympicrunner,mayprovideuswiththeanswer.

Shelostherbalanceinthe800-meterrunandfailedtoqualifyfortheOlympics.Insteadoffocusing

onherfailure,shepreparedtowininthenextrace.justquicklyletgoofwhathappenedinthe

800mandgotbacktomyroutine,tofocusingonallthelittlethingsIcoulddothatwouldgiveme

thebestchanceofrunningwelllaterintheweek,“shetoldNewYorkMagazine.Shesaiditwasthis

mindsetthatledtoherwinningthirdplaceinthe1500-meterraceaboutaweeklatertoqualifyfor

theOlympicsinRio.InsteadofattachingherselftothegoalofmakingtheOlympicteam,she

concentratedontheprocess.

Thereisaproblemwithsettinggoals.ResearchersfromHarvard,theUniversityof

PennsylvaniaandNorthwesternfoundthatoveremphasizinggoalsbasedonmeasurableoutcomes

oftenleadstorisk-taking,unethical（不道德的）behaviorandreducedmotivation.Theirresults

werepublishedinaHarvardBusinessSchoolreporttitledGoalsGoneWild:TheSystematicSide

EffectsofOver-PrescribingGoalSetting.

Whenyoubecomeoverlyfocusedonachievingthegoal,youmaylosesightofyouroriginal

purposeforaccomplishingthegoalinthefirstplace.Anotherdangerisactuallycompletingthegoal

withoutsettingaplanforwhat'snext.Forexample,somemarathonrunnersexperiencewhat's

calledthe“post-raceblues”.Achievingyourgoalmaycauseyoutodropthegoodhabitsthatgot

youthereinthefirstplace.Dietersoftenexperiencethisinwhat'scalled"yo-yodieting"whenthey

dropdowntoadesiredweight,butthengainalltheweightbackwhentheyresume（重新开始）their

badhabits.

“Afteryousetagoal,ifsbesttoshityourfocusfromthegoalitselftotheprocessthatgives

youthebestchanceofachievingitandtojudgeyourselfbasedonhowwellyoucompletethat

process/9columnistBradStulbcrgwroteonthewebsiteTheCut.

Ultimately,changingyourattentionfromgoalstoprocesswillcauseyoutoachievelittle

victoriesonyourwaytoaccomplishinglong-termgoals.AmyCuddy,aHarvardBusinessSchool

psychologyprofessor,wrotethatfocusingonthisprocess"leavesyouwithasenseofsatisfaction

andaccomplishment,regardlessofthemeasurableoutcome^^.

51.WhyisBrendaMartinez'sexperiencementionedinParagraph2?

A.Toshowopportunityfavorsthepreparedmind.

B.Todescribehowimportantitistosetbiggoals.

C.Tosuggestlearningfromfailurec