考点3冠词数词和连词专题精讲名词（讲义）人教PEP版英语六年级下册

小升初英语PEP版第一轮总复习考点专题精讲专题3—冠词、数词和连词考点解密考点解密在小升初英语考试中，冠词、数词和连词是常考词类。冠词分为不定冠词a/an、定冠词the和零冠词三种，放在名词前面，帮助说明名词的含义。本专题讲解冠词的用法。数词指的是表示数量或顺序的词，分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。本专题要求我们熟练掌握基数词和序数词的基本用法。连词不单独担任句子成分，它在词与词、短语与短语、句与句之间起表示并列、转折、选择和因果关系的作用。这三种词类在考试中的主要考查形式为选择题和完形填空题。考点准备区考点准备区考点1：不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词的用法考点1：不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词的用法▶▶不定冠词a/ana/an的用法①用在单数可数名词的前面，表示“一个”。例：Sheisanicegirl.她是个好女孩。②指某一个人或某一件事物，不具体说明。例：Thereisabookonthedesk.书桌上有一本书。③用在一些固定词组中。例：afewalittle,abitofa/an的区别a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前面；an用在发音以元音音素开头的名词前。例：abook,anhour▶▶典型例题例1：horseisusefulanimalA.The;anB.A;anC.A;aD./;l【答案】C【方法点拨】句中的horse在此处表示一类事物，即马类。当强调事物中的某一类时，用冠词a。useful虽然以元音字母开头，但是其发音为辅音，故用a。▶▶定冠词the定冠词the用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思，有时翻译为“这、那”。示例定冠词的用法示例用来表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物Thepencilonthedeskismine桌上的这支铅笔是我的。表示说话双方都知道的人或事物Lookatthepicture,please.请看那张照片。表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物Thisisalamp.Thelampisbeautiful,这是台灯。这盏台灯很好看。用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前thesun太阳themoon月高用在序数词和最高级前Helivesonthefifthfloor.他住在五楼。Sheisthetallestinourclass.她是我们班最高的。用在由普通名词构成的专有名词或江、河、湖、海等专有名词前theGreatWall长城theYellowRiver黄河用在姓氏的复数前，表示一家人TheSmithsareveryhappy.史密斯一家人很幸福。用在表示乐器的名词前Tomcanplaythepiano.汤姆会弹钢琴。在一些固定搭配中ontheright在右边bytheway顺便说一下▶▶典型例题例2：下列句子中均有一处错误，请找出来并在横线上改正。①TheMother'sDayisinMay. ②Lookatamoon.③TomisfromJapan.HeistheJapanese.【答案】①删掉The。②将“a”改为“the”。③将“the”改为“a”。【方法点拨】①Mother'sDay是一个节日，无须加定冠词the。②moon是世界上独一无二的事物，需要加the。③Tom是日本人中的一个，不能用the表示特指，应改为a。▶▶零冠词不加冠词的用法示例国名、地名、人名等专有名词前inChina在中国inShanghai在上海季节、月份、星期、节日等名词前inspring在春天inNovember在11月onSunday在星期天表示一日三餐、球类运动和娱乐活动的名词前havebreakfast吃早餐playfootball踢足球名词前已有this,that,my,his,every,some等单词修饰时hiscoat他的外套thistree这棵树someapples一些苹果一些习惯用语中athome在家bybus乘坐公交gotoschool夫上学不可数名词前或表示一类人或事物的复数名词时milk,water(不可数名词)Myparentsareteachers我父母都是老师。在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前UncleWanglikesplayingchess.王叔叔喜欢下棋。▶▶典型例题例3：Haveyouhadlunch?A.aB.anC.theD./【答案】D【方法点拨】lunch意为“中餐”,是表示一日三餐的名词，前面不需要加不定冠词或定冠词。考点2：数词考点2：数词▶▶基数词基数词的构成1~12one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve13~19以teen结尾，13、15、18特殊记忆：thirteen,fifteen,eighteen20~99①表示整十数：twenty,thirty,forty,fiftysixty,seventy,eighty,ninety②表示“几十几”的非整十数，在整十和个位之间加连接号()100~999①表示整百，用“具体数字加hundred”②表示非整百数，用“百位数+and+末(两)位数”▶▶用法和示例①时刻的表达:整点:用“基数词+o'clock”,如fiveo'clock5:00几点过几分:小于等于30分钟,用介词past,如fivepastsix6:05差几分几点:大于30分钟，用介词to,如twentytoseven6:40②年、月、8的表达:年份用基数词表示,分两部分读,如2021,读作:twentytwentyone日期用序数词表示，如2017年5月8日,写作:May8th,2017,读作:Maytheeighth,twentyseventeen③表示数量,如fiveapples五个苹果④表示顺序、编号等,放在名词后，名词首字母大写,如LessonOne第一课Room318318房间⑤表示价格、号码和计算等，如fortysixyuan46元▶▶典型例题例4：()TherearefivetywomeninthisfactoryABCD【答案】B→fifty【方法点拨】这是therebe句型，be动词是are,主语women是复数，表达正确。inthisfactory意为“在工厂里”。所以只有fivety有可能出错。表示五十的数词正确的拼写是fifty。我们应该牢记数词的变化规律。▶▶序数词序数词的构成一般情况在基数词后加th,如four—fourth,ten—tenth特殊情况one—first,two—second,three—third,five—fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve—twelfth以ty结尾的单词变y为ie,再加th,如forty—fortiethsixty—sixtieth以one,twothree等结尾的多位数只需要将个位数变为序数词，如thirtyone—thirtyfirst,twohundredandtwo—twohundredandsecond缩写形式阿拉伯数字+序数词的最后两个字母如first—1st,fourth—4th▶▶用法和示例①序数词前一般要加定冠词the,如thesecond(某些词组的序数词前没有冠词，如atfirst)②序数词前若已有物主代词或名词所有格，不用定冠词the,如Lily'ssixthbook丽丽的第六本书；herfifthapple她的第五个苹果③表示编号时，用“the+序数词+名词”=“名词+基数词”,如thefirstlesson=LessonOne第一课④表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1,分母须加s,如threefifths，onefifth⑤序数词前有时也用不定冠词a/an,表示原有基础上的“又一个”,如haveasecondone再要一个▶▶典型例题例5：TomwastogotoschoolandIwas.A.first;ninthB.thefirst;theninthC.thesecond;thenineth【答案】B【方法点拨】根据句意，句子中是将Tom和我到达学校的次序进行比较，表达次序应用序数词序数词前一般加定冠词。注意序数词第九(ninth)是不规则变化，应单独记忆。考点3：连词的分类和用法考点3：连词的分类和用法连词类型示例并列关系：and,both…and…aswellas,notonly…butalso…Inotonlylikeeatingfruit,butalsovegetables.我不仅喜欢吃水果还喜欢吃蔬菜。选择关系：or,either…or…Whichonedoyouwant,anappleorapear?你想要哪一个，苹果还是梨?转折关系：but,yet,howeverMyteacherisstrictwithus,butwealllikeher我的老师对我们很严格，但我们都喜欢她。因果关系：because,so,for,therefore(because和so不可用在同一个句子中)Shelikecats,becausetheyaresocute她喜欢猫，因为它们很可爱。从属连词：before,when,afterYoumustfinishyourhomeworkbeforeyourfathereshome.你必须在你父亲回来之前完成你的家庭作业。▶▶典型例题例6：Becauseitisrainingheavily,Ican'tgotothepark.A.butB.andC./D.S0【答案】C【方法点拨】because意为“因为”,表示因果关系，虽然在此句中表达“因为……所以……”的关系，但不能与so连用，这与汉语有所区别，在英文中because与so是不连用的。考点过关区考点过关区精编常考易考过关检测试题班级姓名第一层：基础过关题一、在下列名词前填上a或an1.tree2.picture3.apple4.rabbit5.bee6.arm7.dog8.umbrella9.orange10.bag11.eye12.library13.university14.desk15.tiger16.oldman17.beautifulflower18.Englishboy19.inkbottle20.artlesson21.bigapple22.fan二、在下列横线上填上a,an或the,不需要的地方画“/”1.Isthiseraser?2.—Whatcolorisorange?—It'sorange.3.It'syellowbanana,4.boyismybrother.5.Thatisgreencar.6.It'sredapple.7.Icanplayviolin.8.That'spencil.9.ThatisEnglishcar.10.Canyouseethepictureondesk?11.earthisblue.12.Romewasnotbuiltinday.13.Jimishonestboy.Wealllikehim.14.Wehaveamusicclassonceweek.15.Mathisusefulsubject.Youcan'tdropit.三、根据句意填入the,不需要的地方画“/”1.—Whatcolorisyourdress?—It'swhite.2.ThisisJack'spen.Thatismypen,3.UnitedStatesliesinNorthAmerica.4.Theyarepupilsofthisschool,TheyareinClassOne.5.It'safineday.Wecanseesuninthesky.6.Thereisanorangeontable.7.Wegotoschoolinmorning.8.ThisisHuangpuPark.ItsnearHuangpuRiver9.Welikesports.Welikeplayingfootballbest.10.TheygotoSummerPalaceonSundays.四、选择填空()1.badweatheritis!A.HowB.WhataC.HowaD.What()2.Whatinterestingstoryitis!A.aB.anC.theD./()3.Lookatpicture!There'shouseinit.A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;a()4.Onemorninghefoundhandbag.Therewas“s”ontheerofhandbag.A.a;an;theB.a;a;theC.a;a;aD.the;an;a.()5.Meimeiisbeststudentinherclass.A.aB.anC./D.the()6.Mondayismyday.A.thebusiestB.busyC.busierD.busiest()7.Tomiskindboy.Allstudentslikehim.A.a;/B.a;theC.an;/D.an;the()8.Maryisclevererofthetwogirls.A.theB.aC.anD.much()youngmustlookafterold.A.The;aB.The;theC.A;aD.A;the()10.AfterquickbreakfastIhurriedtoschoolA./;/B.a;/C.the;theD.the;/()11.It'spleasuretoseesunrisingineast.A./;the;/B.a;/;/C.a;the;theD./;the;the()12.Maryhashighfeverandshehastobeinhospital.A.a;/B.a;aC./;/D./;the五、按要求填空1.写出下列序数词的基数词形式。thirdtwelfthninthfortiethtwentiethfiftheighthfourthfiftyfirsttwohundredandsecond2.按规律填数字。①three,five,seven,②sixth,eighth,,twelfth③seventeen,,thirteen,eleven④twentyfifth,thirtieth,thirtyfifth,⑤,fifty,seventy,ninety六、用英语表示下列时间和分数1:357:128:0610:455:306:0011:554:15七、翻译下列短语506号房间第66页13路公共汽车3月15日第七只狗第三节课三片面包五公斤苹果两则好消息thethirdgirlonesixthhalfpastseven八、根据句意或提示在横线上填写合适的数词,完成句子1.Children'sDayisontheofJune.2.Thereare(21)studentsintheclassroom.3.Mybrotherlivesonthe(38)floor.4.TodayisTom's(12)birthday.5.Thereare(28)daysinFebruaryin2021.6.Novemberisthe(eleven)monthoftheyear.7.Fivepluseightis(thirteenth).8.(五分之三)ofstudentsinourclassaregirls.九.选择填空()1.—Wouldyouliketoetodinnertonight?—I'dliketo，I'mtoobusy.A.andB.toC.asD.but()2.WearegoingtothebookstoreinJon'scar.Youcanewithus,youcanmeetustherelater.A.butB.andC.orD.then()3.MynameisRobert,mostofmyfiendscallmeBobforshort.A.thenB.insteadC.howeverD.but()4.—Wouldyouliketeacoffee?—,thanks.A.or;NoB.and;EitherC.or;NeitherD.and;Each()5.—Idon'tlikechickenfish.—Idon'tlikechickenIlikefishverymuch.A.and;andB.and;butC.or;butD.or;and十、填上合适的连词,把两个句子合并在一起1.Janeisasinger.Sheisalsoadancer.Janeisasingeradancer.2.Hismothercanhelphimwithhislessons.Hisfathercanalsohelphimwithhislessons.hismotherhisfathercanhelphimwithhislessons.3.It'snothotinautumn,It'snotcoldinautumn.It's,hotcoldinautumn.4.Beefisdelicious.Idon'tlikeit,Beefisdelicious,Idon'tlikeit.5.Susanissoclever.Ilikeherverymuch.IlikeSusanverymuch,sheissoclever.第二层：拓展提升题一、在下列句子中填上a,an或the,不需要的地方画“/”1.hundredandtwentypeopleattendedthemeeting.2.I'dlikecoffeeandtwobeers.3.ein,oryou'llcatchbadcold.4.Amy,takemedicinethreetimesday.5.Heboughtnewhouse.Ihavebeentohouse.6.richarenotalwayshappierthanpoor.7.AutumnisbestseasoninBeijing.8.Doyouknowgirlinred?9.Greenslivenextthedoor.10.MybirthdayisinSeptember.11.Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?.12.Today,Ihave.specialbreakfast.13.Didyougotherebyshiporbyair?14.Twobirdsweresittingintreenotfarfromtheairport,15.Hedreamedsweetdream1astnight.二、读下列短文,在需要冠词的地方填上冠词,在不需要冠词的地方画上“/”1.IamChenGang.IamChineseboy.Iamtwelveyearsold.Everynight,IreadbooksbecauseIaminterestedinwritingverymuch.Ihavedream.Iwanttobewriter,famouswriterLuXunisrolemodelofmine.2.MynameisTracy.MyEnglishteacherisRuth.Sheisoldwoman.Ihavesister.Wearetwins.Welooksame.Ihavepetofmyown.IcallherLily.Sheissmartcat,butsheisnotnicepet.三、选择填空()1.Fiveyearsagoherbrotherwasuniversitystudentofphysics.A.a;anB.an;theC.an;/D.a;/()2.Wecan'tseesunatnight.A.the;theB.the;/C.a;/D./;/()3.ThereisoldbikeoldbikeisMr.Zhao's.A.an;TheB.the;AnC.a;TheD.the;The()4.oldladywithwhitehairspokeEnglishwellatmeeting.A.An;an;aB.The;/;anC.The;/;aD.The;/;the()5.DoesTomusuallyplayfootballafterschool?A./;/B./;theC.the;/D.a;/()6.GreatWallislongestwallintheworld.A.A;aB.The;theC.A;theD.The;a.()7.aremybestfriends.A.ThebookB.ThebooksC.AbookD.Books()8.Let'sgoforwalk,shallwe?A.aB.anC.theD.1()9.tallmanoverthereisourEnglishteacher.A.A;theB.The;aC.A;anD.The;/()10.womanoverthereispopularteacherinourschool.A.A;anB.The;aC.The;theD.A;the四、改错题1.Lookatamoon.2.Myunclehasansheep.3.ShewenttotheNanjing1astyear.4.Therearesixtyminutesinahour.5.Hereisanusefulbook.6.Thereisbirdinthesky.7.Mymotherboughtaumbrellaforme.8.ThebusisaEnglishbus.9.What'sinbox?10.Couldyouplayviolinforus?五、根据句意填上合适的数词1.Therearedaysinaweek.2.TherearedaysinMay.3.Septemberisthemonthoftheyear.4.NationalDayisontheofOctober.5.Fortyplusthreeis.六、选择填空(数词.连词专项练习)()1.Iatethreehamburgers,I'mnotfull.A.andB.butC.soD.or()2.Itwasonlyfiveminutes'walkfromhere，wedidn'ttakeataxi.A.soB.andC.forD.but()3.Hemissedthetrainthismorninghegotulate.A.orB.ifC.butD.because()4.IstudyinYuCaiMiddleSchool.Therearetwostudentsinourschool.AthousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof()5.Theysaidtheywouldhaveholiday.A.atwomonthB.twomonthsC.twomonthsD.twomonth's.()6.—Wouldyoulikesomefuit,madam?—Oh,yes.,please.A.5kilobananasB.5kilosofbananasC.5kiloofbananaD.5kilosofbanana()7.Fortyandisseventy.A.threeB.thirtyC.thirteenD.forty()8.ofstudentsinourclassliveinschool.A.TwofifthB.SecondfiveC.TwofifthsD.Twofive()9.Sandisyearsold.Todayishisbirthday.A.five;fiveB.five;fifthC.fifth;fiveD.five;fiveth()10.Billisintherow..A.athirdB.thirdC.thethirdD.three七、按要求完成下列句子1.Tomwatchesbasketballgamesatfivefiftyfive.(写出同义句)Tomwatchesbasketballgamesat.2.Hegoestoschoolateighto'clockonweekdays.(对画线部分提问)hetoschoolonweekdays?3.WhenisTeachers'DayinChina?(回答问题)4.Theshirtis50yuan.(提出问题)5.Whenisyourbirthday?(回答问题)八、运用连词把两个句子合并成一个句子1.Ilikejuice.Ilikemilk.(and)2.It'shardwork.Ilikeit.(but)3.Mygrandpacan'twrite.Mygrandmacan'twrite.(neither...nor...)4.Heisplayingtheviolin.Sheisplayingthepiano.(when)5.Lilyiswarmhearted.Lilyishonest.(notonly...butalso...)九、判断下列句子中连词的用法是否正确,正确的打“√"，错误的打“×”,并改正()1.Whatcolourisyoureraser,whiteandpink?()2.Youcantouchit,soyoucan'teatit.()3.Itwasdark,butIcouldn'tseewhatwashappening.()4.Wouldyoulikeacupofteaoraglassofwater?()5.AlthoughJacksonisonly5yearsold,buthecanswimverywell.参考答案第一层：基础过关题一、1.a2.a3.an4.a5.a6.an7.a8.an9.an10.a11.an12.a13.a14.a15.a16.an17.a18.an19.an20.an21.a22.a二、1.an2.the;/3.a4.The5.a6.a7.the8.a9.an10.the11.The12.a13.an14.a15.a三、1./2./;/3.The4.the;/;/5.the6.the7./;the8./;the9./10.the;/四、1.D解析：weather为不可数名词,感叹句句式为“What+形容词+不可数名词(+主+谓)!”2.B解析：story是可数名词，interesting是以元音音素开头的,前面用an,感叹句句式为“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主+谓)!”3.D解析：前句意为:看这张照片,用the表示特指;后句“里面有一座房子”说明为泛指，故house前面用不定冠词a。4.A解析：“s”的发音是以元音音索开头,要用an;前面已经提到了handbag.故用定冠词the,表示上文已经提及的事物。5.D解析：最高级前用the。6.D解析：句意:周一是我最忙的一天。busy意为“忙碌的”,其最高级形式为把y改i再加est,因前面已有修饰词my,故不用定冠词the。7.B解析：kind以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a;“all+the+名词”意为“所有的”。8.A解析：“the+形容词比较级”意为“的一个”。9.B解析：“the+形容词”表示一类人。10.B解析：句意:快速吃完早餐以后,我急急忙忙去学校上课了。“一次匆忙的早餐”前面要用不定冠词a;“hurrytoschool”意为“匆忙去学校”，school前不加冠词。11.C解析：句意:看着太阳从东方升起真是种乐趣。Itisapleasuretodosth.意为“做某事是种乐趣”,为固定句型;太阳是独一无二的,前面要用定冠词the;intheeast意为“在东方”。12.A解析：haveafever表示发烧;inhospital表示住院。五、1.three;twelve;nine;forty;twenty;five;eight;four;fiftyone;twohundredandtwo2.①nine解析：基数词依次+2。②tenth解析：序数词依次+2。③fifteen解析：基数词依次2。④fortieth解析：序数词依次+5。⑤thirty解析：基数词依次+20。六、twentylivetotwo;seventwelve;eightsix;aquartertoeleven;halfpastfive;sixo'clock;fivetotwelve;aquarterpastfour;onethird;twofifths;threesevenths;fourninths七、Room506;Page66;BusNo.l3;March15th;theseventhdog;thethirdlesson;threepiecesofbread;fivekilosofapples;twopiecesofgoodnews;第三个女孩;六分之一;七点半17:30八、1.first2.twentyo