阅读理解之猜词题（原卷版）-2022年高考英语三轮冲刺过关

专题04阅读理解之猜词题（原卷版）

词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且

要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、

同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。

［一、思维导图

每道题通常考一道，有时考两道

推断单词的含义

三种类型推断短语的含义

推断句子的含义

测题

四个题干含mean,bestexplain,replace,

词语referto等

语境法据所在句及其上下句或句组推断

代入法将各选项代入句中看是否通顺

语法法据定义、同位语、冒号、破折

意号之后的解祥或说明推断

思

构词法据转化法、合成法和派生法（前

猜五种

缀、后绳）推断________

测解法

因果so,because等

题

转折but,yet,however等

逻辑法

让步though,although等

对比oivotherwise,while,instead,

ratherthan,onthecontrary,

ontheotherhand等__

二、方法点拨

设问形式

1.Theunderlinedword"..."inthesecond(third...)paragraphrefersto(means)

2.Bysayingthat"…"inthefirst（second...）paragraph,theauthormeansthat.

3.Inparagraph...»canbereplacedby"".

4.Themeaningofn..."inparagraph...isrelatedto.

5.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto...（paragraph...）?

6.Theunderlinedsentenceinthe...paragraphprobablymeansthat.

对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。

下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。

I一、相似法：

利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同

义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或

or,这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由

此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。

【例】

...Fermat'sLastTheorem（定理）,firstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFermatinthe

seventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwoman

scientistswhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobe

abletostudyattheEcolePolytechnique....

65.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningoftheword“baffle“asitisusedinthetext?

A.Toencouragepeopletoraisequestions.

B.Tocausedifficultyinunderstanding.

C.Toprovideapersonwithanexplanation.

D.Tolimitpeople'simagination.

【答案】B

【解析】由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具有数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat）,并且在句中bealen

和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。

I二、对比法：

利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比

中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意

义，如反义词hotandcold,perfectandimperfect,甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词

之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。

表示对比的信号词有yet,but,while,though,however,otherwise,ontheonehand...ontheotherhand,forone

thing...foranotherthing,insteadof等。

【例】

...Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,an

Evastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months....

74.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle“probablymean?

A.Apartydesignedbyspecialists.

B.Aplanrequiringcarefulthought.

C.Asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble.

D.Ademandmadebyguests.

【答案】C

【解析】根据前句的否定doesn't与后句的肯定canbe这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，

又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生II开心包。Hassle的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty,trouble相近。答案

为C。

|三、释义法：

有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。

释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并

加以解释说明的方式。

常见的词有：mean,thatis,inotherwords,forexample,forinstance,suchas...

【例】

"Organicproduceisalwaysbetter,MGoldsaid."Thefoodisfreeofpesticides（农药）,andyouaregenerally

supportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocally（本地）grownandseasonal,so

itismoretasty."Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarkets

acrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.

62.Whatisthemeaningof“theorganictrend”asthewordsareusedinthetext?

A.Growinginterestinorganicfood.

B.Betterqualityoforganicfood.

C.Risingmarketfororganicfood.

D.Higherpricesoforganicfood.

【答案】A

【解析】由Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingsomething可以推断出，越来越多的顾客像Gold

一样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。答案为A。

四、语境法：

任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上

下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年

来高考考查的热点。

1.根据对比关系猜测词义

在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词

义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike,not,but,however,despite,inspiteof,incontrast等。表示对

比关系的句子结构：while引导的并列句。

例如：Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"hassle”(paragraph1)probablymean?

A.apartydesignedbyspecialists

B.aplanrequiringcarefulthought

C.asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble

D.ademandmadebyguests

根据对比关系，这里hassle和abasketoffun是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。

2.根据比较关系猜测词义

同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly,like,just

as,also,aswellas等。

例如：Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.

该句中副词similarly表明短语lovestotalk和loquacious之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推

断出loquacious的意思是"健谈的"。

3.根据因果关系猜测词义

在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。

例如：Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.

Theword"presumptuous”inthemiddleofthepassageisclosestinmeaningto"”.

A.fullofrespect

B.tooconfidentandrude

C.lackinginexperience

D.tooshyandquiet

根据since引导的原因状语从句的内容（”既然你是我的上司"）,我们可以推断这里presumptuous

的意思是：”冒失的，放肆的”意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应

的理解题答案为：Bo

Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots,oryoungleaves.

根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：”修剪（树枝等）”的意思。

4.根据同义、近义、并列、替代、说明等关系猜测词义

在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。

例如：WilliamShakespearesaid."Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn（纱线）,goodandilltogether.u

Theunderlinedword"mingled”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.

A.simpleB.mixedC.sadD.happy

句中goodandilltogether更具体地说明了amingledyarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled的意思

是：“混合的，交织的”，答案是：Bo

Isitpossibletobeathighbloodpressurewithoutdrugs?Theansweris"yes",accordingtotheresearchers

atJohnsHopkinsandthreeothermedicalcenters.

根据andthreeothermedicalcenters这种并列关系，我们很容易推断出：JohnsHopkins是•家医疗中心。

【例】

（2019・江苏卷）Inthe1960s,whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark,Bob

Christiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore:hecouldn*tfindthe

park'svolcano.IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that'swhataccounted

fbrallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldn'tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.

Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone（圆锥体）shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro,

whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma（岩浆）pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943,aMexican

farmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofa

conefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethan

halfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth,allbutafewhundredof

themextinct.Thereis,however,asecondlesknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn'tinvolvemountainbuilding.These

arevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.

Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype,butChristiansencouldn'tfindthecalderaanywhere.

JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.

Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakea

niceblow-upforoneofthevisitors*centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos,herealizedwhyhehadfailed

tospotthecaldera;almostthewholepark-2.2millionacres—wascaldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethan

fortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstone

musthaveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.

60.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blow-up"inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?

A.Hot-airballoon.B.Digitalcamera.

C.Bigphotograph.D.Bird'sview.

【语篇解读】本文为说明文。讲述了二十世纪六十年代BobChristiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，

奇怪地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高

耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。

【答案】C

【解析】词义猜测题1>根据第三段第一句JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecameras

bytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritieson

theassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors'centers.可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航

行局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本

转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。故可知，此处意为将照片放大,

选C。

［五、构词法：

阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：

unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see是词根，fore是“先，前，预”

的含义,un是否定，able是“能...的可....的”,因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。

1.根据前缀猜测词义

例如：Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?

根据词根educational（教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意

思是：”男女同校教育的“意思。

2.根据后缀猜测词义

例如：It'saquiet,comfortablehoteloverlooking（俯瞰）thebayinanuncommercializedCornishfishing

villageonEngland'smostsoutherlypoint.

后缀-ise/ize意思是"使成为…;使…化"，结合词根commercial（商业的）,不难猜出uncommercialized

的意思是：”未被商业化的”。

3.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义

例如：Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well-designedtoolsandequipment

willrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward（别扭的）handpositions.

Well-designed或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well（好，优秀）

和design（设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是"设计精巧的,,意思。

Weliveinatechnologicalsocietywheremostgoodsaremass-producedbyunskilledlabor.Becauseofthis,

mostpeoplethatcraft（手艺）nolongerexists.

根据合成词中的mass（大量的）和produce（生产）,我们可以推测mass-produce的意思是："大批

量生产；规模生产”的意思。

【例】

...Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey'rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubt

theoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,4tIsuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.^^...

70.Theunderlinedword“outcome“inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.

A.valueB.result

C.performanceD.connection

【答案】B

【解析】运用"构词法''进行猜测。动词词组comeout的意义为“露出、出现、显露出“。再根据句子的语境,

可猜测出其意义是：（实验的）结果。

词汇拓展

1.合成法

man-madehandwriting

copyrightgreenhouse

all-roundtypewriter

breakthroughhigh-class

blacklistone-way

English-speaking

2.派生法

A.否定前缀

un-（不）unimportantin-/im-/ir-/il-（不）impossible

dis-（不）dislikemis-（不）misunderstand

B.其他前缀

re-（再）rebuildinter-（互）interchange

pre-（前）preschoolanti-（反）antifreeze

non-（否）nonprofit

C.名词后缀

-er（人）teacher-er（物）cooker

-ician（人）physician

D.形容词后缀

-able（能）eatable-less（否）homeless

E.动词后缀

-en（使）widen-fy（使）satisfy

-ize（使）modernize

三、高考真题

2022年1月浙江卷A篇

Fornearlyadecadenow,Merebethhasbeenaself-employedpettransportspecialist.Herpet

transportjobwasbornofthefinancialcrisis（危机）inthelate2000s.Thedownturnhittherealestate

（房地产）firmwhereshehadworkedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandlefther

lookingforanewjob.Oneday,whiledrivingnearherhome,shesawadogwanderingontheroad,clearly

lost.Shetookithome,andhersisterinDenveragreedtotakeit.Thiswasalovinghomeforsure,but1,600

milesaway.Itdidn'ttakelongforMerebethtodecidetodrivethedogthereherself.Itwasherfirstroad

triptohernewjob.

Merebeth'spetdeliveryservicesatisfiesherwanderlusl.IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUS

exceptMontana,WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace,shewill

simplyfindapetwithtransportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.Shehasdriventhrough55mph

windsinWyoming,heavyfloodingandstormsinAlabamaandtotalwhiteoutconditionsinKansas.

Thiswanderlustisinheritedfromherfather,shesays.HemovedtheirfamilyfromCanadato

Californiawhenshewasoneyearold,becausehewantedthemtoexploreanewplacetogether.Assoonas

shegraduatedfromhighschoolshelefthometoliveonCatalinaIslandofftheCaliforniancoast,away

fromherparents,wheresheenjoyedalifeofsailingandoff-roadbiking.

Itturnsoutthatpettransportingpaysquitewellatabout$30,000peryearbeforetax.Shedoesn't

workinsummer,asitwouldbeunpleasantlyhotfortheanimalsinthecar,evenwithairconditioning.As

autumncomes,shegetsrestlessthesameoldwanderlustreturning.It'sacallshemust

handlealone,though.Merebethsays,"WhenI'montheroad,I'mjustinmyownworld.Fvealwaysbeen

independent-spiritedandIjustfeelstronglythatImusthelpanimals."

22.Theword“wanderlust”inparagraph2meansadesireto_?

A.makemoney.B.tryvariousjobs.

C.beclosetonature.D.traveltodifferentplaces.

[2021年6月北京卷

Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallylermaneinthismomentof

still-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Not

verylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbe

provensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.

Theinternationalscholars'warningletterdoesn'tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenit

mighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwith

themthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories（签署者）ofthewarningwasBob

Johnson,theoriginatorofthe"ecologicalfootprint11concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountof

environmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,"itseems

thatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthis

century,"Johnsonsaidinanemail.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword''germane'*inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.

[2021年6月新高考2卷B篇

IhaveworkedasakeeperattheNationalZoo,Parisfor11years.SpotandStripearethefirsttigercubsthat

haveeverbeenbornhere.Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon'tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedto

givethemround-the-clockcareathome.

I'vegottwochildren-theyoungerone,Kynan,wasextremelyhappyaboutthetigersarriving-butallofus

reallylookedforwardtobeingpartoftheirlivesandwatchingthemgrow.Iwasn'tworriedaboutbringingthem

intomyhomewithmywifeandkids.Thesewerecubs.Theyweighedabout2.5kgandweresosmallthatthere

wasabsolutelynorisk.

Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewere

asleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'destuptomischief.We'dcomedowninthe

morningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.

Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.Therewere

sometoughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.Iwasgratefulthatmyfamilywastheretohelp.Wehadtohavea

bitofaproductionlinegoing,makingup“tigermilk”,washingbabybottles,andcleaningthefloors.

WhenSpotandStripewerefourmonthsold,theywerelearninghowtoopendoorsandjumpfences,andwe

knewitreallywastimeforthemtogo.Itwashardforustofinallypartwiththem.Forthefirstfewdays,Kynan

wasalwaysabitdisappointedthatthecubsweren'tthere.

I'mnotsadaboutit.I'mhands-onwiththemeverydayatthezoo,andIdolookbackveryfondlyonthetime

thatwehadthem.

5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief'meaninparagraph3?

A.Behavebadly.B.Losetheirway.C.Sleepsoundly.D.Misstheirmom.

|2021年3月天津卷B篇

Aboutfiveweeksago,Inoticedtheskinofourpetlizard（蜥蜴）wasgrowingdusty.Itworriedme.I

reportedthestrangesurfaceontheskinofthelizardtomyhusbandandchildrenthenextmorning.Seconds

later,ourlizardemergedfromitstankwithitsoldskinflowingbehindit.

Ididn*tthinkaboutitmuchuntilamorninglastweekwhenIknockedmyfavoriteteapotoffthetable.

Itburstintohundredsofpieces.AsIsweptupthemess,Iwonderedwhywehadbeenbreakingsomany

thingsoverthemonths.

Thedestructionstartedthreemonthsago.Itwasmyhusband'sbirthday.Hehadjustlosthisjob.The

uncertaintywasstartingtowearonus,soIwantedtodosomethingspecial.

"Let'smakeacakeforDad!"Icried.

Mykidsscreamedwithjoy.Webaked,icedandsprinkledformostoftheday.Candlesonthecake!

Balloonsonthewalls!Flowersonthetable!

Twohoursbeforemyhusbandcamebackhomefromanotherjobinterview,mydaughterclimbedup

tograbaglassvasefromahighshelf.Itfellandcrashedbesidethecake.Tinypiecesofglasswere

everywhere.ShesobbedloudlyasIthrewthecakeaway.Myhusbandhadbananapuddingforhisbirthday.

Threedaysago,thelightinourlivingroomsuddenlywentout.Afterseveralfrustratinghoursof

unsuccessfulattemptstofixit,myhusbandsuggestedwatchingtheMichaelJordandocumentary（Z己录片）

seriesTheLastDance.

Thepoignancy（酸楚）ofJordanretiringfromhisbelovedbasketballtoplaybaseballandwhathad

pushedhimtomakesuchatoughdecisiontookmebysurprise.AsIwatchedhimtakeoffhisbasketball

uniformandreplaceitwithabaseballuniform,IsawhimleavingbehindIhelayerthatnolongerserved

him,justasourlizardhad.Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadto

livewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleave

thepastbehind.

Humansdonotshedskin（蜕皮）aseasilyasotheranimals.Thebeginningofchangeisupsetting.The

processistiring.Damagechangesusbeforeweareready.Iseeourlizard,rawandnearlynew.

Jordansaidthatnomatterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender,hopefulskin,thatiswhere

webegin.

4.Theunderlinedpart"leavingbehindthelayer"inParagraph8canbeunderstoodas.

A.lettinggoofthepast

B.lookingforanewjob

C.gettingridofabadhabit

0.givingupanopportunity

|2021年1月浙江卷C篇

Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzees（黑猩猩）useto

communicate.Theysaywildchimpscommunicate19specificmessagestooneanotherwitha

"vocabulary'*of66gestures.Thescientistsdiscoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsin

Uganda,andexaminingmorethan5,000incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.

DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyformofintentional

communicationtoberecordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemof

communicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember.

"That'swhat'ssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,nshesaid."They'retheonlythingthatlookslike

humanlanguageinthatrespect."

Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformation

fromanotheranimal'scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicate

messages.Thiswasasignificantdifferencebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.

Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywishto

communicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signaling:"Climbonme."The

youngsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmother'sbackandtheytravelofftogether."Thebigmessagefrom

thisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies（物种）outtherethatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat*s

notuniquetohumans,"saidDrHobaiter.

DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywas

praiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,the

resultswere"alittledisappointing".

"Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,or

wearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,"shesaid."Moreover,

themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,it

seemsthegulfremains.0

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”gulf1'inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Difference.B.Conflict.

C.Balance.□.Connection.

|2021年6月新高考1卷C篇

WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealive

withanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshavetakencareofthesepreciousnatural

resourseswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecades

todecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarket

huntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedand

housetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat（栖息地）.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"decimate"meaninthefirstparagraph?

A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.

[2021年6月全国乙卷B篇

Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29%）rely

onlyontheirsmartphones,accordingtoasurvey（调查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,a

thirdconcedethatit'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket——19percentsaythey

neveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothat

category.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"concede"inparagraph3mean?

A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.

[2021年6月浙江卷B篇

Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwith

planstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,then

agedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay''chocolate"intohis

three-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,

beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhisjourney

ashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWild

Thing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupoforganisationswiththecommongoal

ofgettingchildrenoutintonature.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph2?

A.recordsB.predictsC.delaysD.confirms

I2020全国卷IB篇

Returningtoabookyou'vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There5sawelcome

familiarity-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.But

booksdon'tchange,peopledo.Andthat'swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.

Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It's

true,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it'sallaboutthepresent.Ifsaboutthenow

andwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopull

theirownweight.

TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspring,isErnestHemingway's

AMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating

（令人陶醉的）,anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard'sHoly

theFirm,herpoetic1975ramble（随笔）abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar^Save