Unit5FirstAidLearningAboutLanguage课件-高二英语人教版选择性

动词-ing形式包括传统语法中的动名词和现在分词。动词-ing形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。动词­ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语、表语和定语。动词-ing形式1．Asyoucanimagine,gettingburnt

canleadtoveryseriousinjuries.2．Youcanprotecttheburntareaby

coveringitwithaloosecleancloth.3．Thefirstandmostimportantstepinthetreatmentofburnsis

givingfirstaid.4．Itisbesttoplaceburnsundercoolrunningwater,especiallywithinthefirsttenminutes.5．Ifyouseesomeone

choking，firstcalltheemergencyservices.6．Removeanyclothesusingscissorsifnecessary,unlessyouseethefabricstickingtotheburntskin.Whatisthefunctionofthe-ingformineachsentence(P116)Subject主语Predicative表语Attribute定语Adverbial状语Objectcomplement宾语补足语Objectafterapreposition宾语宾语补足语一、动词–ing形式的结构主动语态被动语态肯定式否定式肯定式否定式一般式doing完成式

notdoing

beingdonenotbeingdonehavingdonenothavingdonehavingbeendonenothavingbeendone形式意义doinghavingdonedonebeingdonehavingbeendone主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生主动，先于谓语动词发生被动被动，正在进行被动，先于谓语动词发生二、动词-ing形式作主语

动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作。通常有两种位置，一种位于句首，另一种是it作形式主语，动名词后置。下列句型中常用动名词作主语：(1)Itis/wasawaste(of...)/nouse/nogooddoingsth.(2)Thereis/wasnosense/nopoint(in)doingsth.e.g.Itisawasteoftimearguingwithhimaboutthematter.

Itisnogood/useregretting.Thereisnosense(in)worryingaboutitnow.现在为那件事忧虑没有意义。v-ing作主语单个的动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用_________。多个的动词-ing形式作主语时，表示一个整体概念时，谓语动词用_________;表示不同意义时，谓语动词用_________。1.Placingburnsunderthecoolrunningwater

themostefficientsteptostoptheburningprocess.2.

Applyingoiltotheinjuriedarea

abadidea.3.Singingsongs

anddancing

hishobbies.4.Eatinganddressing

abigquestion.isisareis单数形式单数形式复数形式v.-ing作主语往往表示______________________动作todo作主语往往表示_________________动作。v-ing和todo作主语的区别v.­ing形式和todo作主语时的区别。

Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火危险。(泛指)

Singingismyhobby，andtosingatmyfriend'sbirthdaypartyismydream.唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。v.-ing形式和todo作主语时的区别经常/多次发生的习惯性具体的或一次性的三、动词-ing形式作宾语

1．下列动词(短语)只能用动名词作宾语：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon;admit,delay/putoff,fancy避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡forbid,imagine,risk;can'thelp(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,escape2、有些动词既可以跟动词-ing形式，又可以跟不定式做宾语。①动词begin，start，continue等词后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词­ing作宾语，意义基本相同。Theycontinueddiscussing/todiscusstheplanafterhavingarest.②动词love，like，hate等后可跟动词­ing和不定式作宾语，但接动词­ing表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作。Ilovewalkingwithmyfriendonasunnyday.(习惯)Itisapleasantdaytoday，soIlovetohaveawalkwithmyfriend.(具体)③一些动词后既可跟动词­ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别。3、在动词need，require，want，deserve后，用动词­ing形式表示被动意义，即need/require/want/deservedoing＝need/require/want/deservetobedone。Theseclothesneedwashing.＝Theseclothesneedtobewashed.Thehouserequiresrepairing.＝Thehouserequirestoberepaired.4、在(be)worth后面只能用动词­ing形式来表示被动意义。Thefilmisworthseeingasecondtime.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。(1)①Iremember

(see)herbefore，butIcan'trememberwhenitwas.②Youmustremember

(tell)Jacksonthenewstonight.(2)①Ididn'tmean

(visit)himyesterdayafternoon.②Givingupyourplanmeans

(lose)alargeamountofmoney.(3)①Allofusstopped

(talk)whenwesawourteachercomein.②Shefeltthirsty，soshestopped

(get)adrinkofwater.seeingtotelltovisitlosingtalkingtoget四、动词-ing形式作表语

1．动名词作表语动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容。表语和主语常可互换位置。MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.我的工作是教你们英语。2．现在分词作表语现在分词作表语表示事物的特征或性质。Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。

试判断下列句中动词-ing形式的类型A．动名词 B．现在分词①MyhobbyiswatchingAmericanTVdramas. ______②ThespeechmadebySteveJobsisreallyinspiring. ______③WhatIamtiredofiswaitingherealone. ______ABA五、动词-ing形式作定语

1．现在分词作定语现在分词作定语表示被修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与动词-ing之间是主动关系，相当于定语从句。asleepingbaby＝thebabywhoissleeping

Thegirlperformingonthestagehasagiftfordance.在舞台上表演的那个女孩有舞蹈天赋。2．动名词作定语动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。awalkingstick＝astickforwalking手杖asleepingcar＝acarforsleeping 卧铺车六、动词­ing形式作宾语补足语动词­ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词­ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。1．动词­ing位于感官动词后：feel，smell，listento，hear，watch，see，notice，observe等。Ifeltsomeonepattingmeontheshoulder.[名师点津]在see，hear，watch等感官动词后，用动词­ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行；用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。IheardMarysinginginthenextroom.(动作正在进行)IheardMarysingasonginthenextroomlastnight.(动作全过程)2．动词­ing位于使役动词后：have，keep，get，leave，set，make，send等。Shecouldn'thavehimgettingawaywithtellinglies.Pleasedon'tkeepthelittleboystayingalone.3．用于with复合结构中。Icouldn'tdomyhomeworkwiththenoisegoingon.Withsomanypeoplelookingather，shefeelsnervous.

用所给单词的适当形式填空①Theyusecomputerstokeepthetraffic________

(run)smoothly.②Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog__________

(follow)them.③Hehadthewalls________

(paint)thismorning.④Tom'smothermadehim______

(paint)thehouse.running

followingpaintedpaint七、动词-ing形式作状语

分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随、结果等状语。现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。Hearingthenews,theyjumpedwithjoy.听到这个消息，他们高兴地跳了起来。Goingstraightdowntheroad,youwillfindthecanteen.沿着这条路直走，你就会找到食堂。七、动词­ing形式作状语1．作时间状语。Hearingthenews，hecouldn'thelplaughing.＝Whenheheardthenews，hecouldn'thelplaughing.2．作原因状语。Notknowingheraddress，Ihadbettertelephonehertocomeover.＝AsIdon'tknowheraddress，Ihadbettertelephonehertocomeover.3．作条件状语。Workinghard，you'llsurelysucceed.＝Ifyouworkhard，you'llsurelysucceed.4．作结果状语。Thechildslippedandfell，hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.＝Thechildslippedandfell，andhithisheadagainstthedoor.[名师点津]现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。Ihurriedtoschool，onlytofinditwasSunday.5．作让步状语。Havingbeentoldmanytimes，hestilldidn'tlearntheserulesbyheart.＝Althoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes，hestilldidn'tlearntheserulesbyheart.6．作伴随状语。Morrislayonthegrass，staringattheskyforalongtime.＝Morrislayonthegrassandstaredattheskyforalongtime.Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse，cuttingthebranches.＝Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse，andcutthebranches.7．作方式状语。Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.他跑回来告诉我这个消息。[名师点津]动词­ing形式作状语时，相当于与之对应的状语从句，但是当作伴随状语及结果状语时，可转化为并列谓语。8．现在分词作状语时的注意事项(1)现在分词的时态现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(havingdone)。①当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。Walkinginthestreet，Imetanoldfriendofmine.②当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。Havingfinishedtheletter，hewenttopostit.(havingfinished是先发生的，went是后发生的)(2)现在分词的语态使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory，theywereveryhappy.(现在分词的被动式)Havingfinishedhishomework，hewenttobed.(现在分词的主动式)(3)动词­ing形式的否定式：not＋v.­ing；nothaving＋v.­edNotknowingthis，hedidn'tcome.Nothavingmadefullpreparations，weputoffthesportsmeeting.(4)现在分词作评注性状语有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generallyspeaking“一般来说”，judgingby/from...“从……判断”，takingeverythingintoconsideration“从全局考虑”。Judgingfromhisbehaviour，hemustbemad.从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。用括号内动词的正确形式填空。①

(work)forthreehours，hetookarest.②Tomcame

(dash)intotheroomwithsomefilmticketsinhishand.③

(spend)allhismoney，theboyhadtogivehismotheracall.HavingworkeddashingHavingspent1.

(talk)withyourkidhearttoheartisveryimportant.2.Thebirdnarrowlyescaped

(shoot)bythehunter.3.Itisnouse

(regret)yourpastmistakes.4.Myparentsdon'tallowus

(watch)violentTVprograms.5．Theyareplanningtobuilda

(swim)poolforthekids.6．Thestudent

(talk)withtheforeignersoverthereisourmonitor.beingshotregrettingTalkingⅠ.单句语法填空。towatchswimmingtalking7．Withthetemperature

(rise)，theleavesandgrassbegintoappear.8．

(see)fromthetower，thecitylooksverybeautiful.9．

(work)harderatEnglish，you'llmakegreaterprogress.10．

(finish)theworkaheadoftime，wehavetoworkhard.SeenWorkingrisingTofinish八、动词-ing形式的复合结构通常情况下，动词-ing形式的逻辑主语为句子的主语。如果动词-ing形式的动作的发出者不是句子的主语时，则需要有自己的逻辑主语。动词-ing形式加上自己的逻辑主语，便构成了动词-ing形式的复合结构。其逻辑主语可以是名词所有格、形容词性物主代词、人称代词的宾格、名词普通格。位于句首时逻辑主语只能用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。Doyouthinkmygoingtherewillbeofanyhelp你认为我去那儿有帮助吗？Thestudent'sknowingEnglishwellhelpshiminlearningFrench.这位学生通晓英语对他学法语有帮助。[对点练](1)用所给词的适当形式填空①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,_________(observe)hownaturesolvedproblems.②(2021·全国甲卷)After

(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!③(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Andwhenhesawthemists

(rise)fromtheriverandthesoftclouds

(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.④(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth­floorapartmentbalcony(阳台),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2­metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe_________(fall)child.spendingrisingsurroundingfallingobserving⑤

Theman

(speak)totheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.⑥

(prepare)othersforaconversationoffunisasgoodastellingajokeyourselfwhenshowingyoursenseofhumor.⑦MywifehadalongtalkwithSally,

(explain)whyshedidn'twantthechildrentoplaytogether.⑧Thereisasmallgardenoutsidewithafewfruittrees,whichheenjoys_______

(take)careof.speakingPreparingexplainingtaking(2)完成句子⑨Theyinsiston

themthere.

他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。⑩(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)Inmyopinion,________________________________________________________canenhancestudents'writingskills.在我看来，阅读英语书籍和访问英语学习网站可以提高学生的写作技能。⑪Ihopeyoudon'tmind

.

我希望你不介意我那么说。⑫Hesaidnothingabout

.

关于我们输掉比赛，他没说什么。⑬Theresultofthegame

.

比赛的结果令人失望。Mary's/Mary

going

withmy

saying

thatus

losing

the

gamewas

disappointingreading

English

books

and

visiting

English­learning

websites

根据汉语提示补全下面短文①

(爱上了一位美丽的女子),alionwenttoherparentsandaskedthemtomarryhertohim.②

(嫁给狮子)wasthelastthingtheywanted.Buttheoldparentsdidnotknowwhattosay.③

_______________________________________(不希望把女儿嫁给狮子),theydidnotwanttomakethekingofbeastsangry.Atlastthefathersaid，“Wearefondof④____________________________(把我们的女儿嫁给你),butwefearthatyoumighthurther.⑤

(所以把你的爪子和牙齿都拔掉),youcanmarryher.”

Falling

in

love

with

a

beautiful

ladyMarrying

a

lionNot

hoping

to

give

their

daughter

to

the

lionmarrying

our

daughter

to

youSo

removing

your

claws

and

teeth⑥

(非常爱这位女子),theliontrimmed(修剪)hisclawsandtookouthisbigteeth.⑦

(再次来到女子的父母那里),hewassimplylaughedinhisface.Beatenoutofthehouse,thelionfeltdepressedanddiedsoon.Loving

the

lady

very

much

Coming

to

the

lady's

parents

again

新知进补——学用结合方能“融会通”

1．Chemicalburnscanevenaffectyourinternalorgansifthechemicalsareswallowed.

如果化学物质被吞下，化学烧伤甚至会影响你的内脏。★swallowvt.&vi.吞下；咽下

n．燕子[用法感知]①(以文化人助写作)Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer. (谚)一燕不成夏。②Anoverwhelmingsenseofshamealmostswallowedherandpushedhertomakeachange.

一种势不可挡的羞耻感几乎吞没了她，迫使她做出改变。③Iexpectedeverywavewouldhaveswallowedusup.

我觉得海浪随时会将我们吞没。[归纳点拨]swallowup吞没；淹没；耗尽；用尽[应用融会]

(1)单句语法填空/完成句子④Iputsomuchfoodinmymouthsometimesthatitwashard__________

(swallow)．⑤Anincreasingamountofthecountrysideisbeingswallowed

bythetown.⑥Jane

inthecrowd.

简很快就被人群吞没了。(2)

替换加蓝词汇⑦Theflamesquicklyconsumedthecottage. _______________to

swallowup

was

soon

swallowed

up

swallowed

up2．Forexample,wraptheburntarealooselywithacleanclothifpossible.

例如，如果可能的话，用一块干净的布宽松地包裹烧伤的区域。★wrapvt.包、裹；(用手臂等)围住[用法感知]①Shecleanedherknee,appliedmedicinetothewound,andwrappeditwithbandages,whichmadethegirlrelaxed.

她清洗了膝盖，在伤口上敷了药，用绷带包扎起来，这让女孩放松了下来。②Thenshewrappedablanketaroundthebaby.

然后她用毯子把婴儿裹了起来。③We'vebeenwrappedupinourbooksforseveralweeks.几个星期以来，我们都在埋头读书。[归纳点拨](1)wrap...around/round 用……缠绕(或围紧)wrap...with... 用……包裹……wrapup 包起来(2)bewrappedup