外带咖啡纸杯的“回收难题”等2则外刊阅读训练-2023届高三英语二轮复习

外刊精读精练

外带咖啡纸杯的"回收难题"

一、语篇泛读

Vocabulary:problemsandsolutions词汇：问题与解决办法

Millionsofusgrabacoffeeonourwaytowork.Andwhenwedo,it

probablycomesservedinabranded,disposable,cardboardcoffeecup.Once

thecoffeeisdone,justpopthecupintoarecyclingbinandforgetaboutit.

Thecupwillbetakenawayandturnedintoanewoneforyoutouseagain

tomorrow.Thesystemworks,right?

There'sahitch.IntheUK,wethrowawayanestimated2.5billion

disposablecoffeecupseveryyear.Anddespitebeingrecyclableintheory,in

practiceonlyveryfewofthemaredealtwithinawaythatmakesthem

sustainable.Thismakesthemabitofanobstacle.Whatthrowsaspannerin

theworksisthelayerofpolyethylenethatmakesthecupwaterproof,and

thelidzwhichismostoftenmadeofpolystyrene.Asaresult,mostofthe

cupsendupinlandfill.

Butthereareeffortsunderwaytotacklethisissue.Onecompany,

BiomeBioplastics,hascomeupwithafullycompostable,recyclablecupthat

usesnaturalmaterials,suchaspotatostarch,aswaterproofing.MrMines,

itschiefexecutive,believesthatthisisthefirsttimebioplastichasbeen

usedfordisposablecupsandlidsthathavetocopewithhotliquid.And

they'restillfullyrecyclable.

AnotherfeasiblesolutionhasbeenproposedbyFrugalpac,whohave

patentedacupwithalightly-attachedplasticlining.Thiscanbeeasily

separatedduringtherecyclingand'offersamorepragmaticsolution1than

changingourcurrentrecyclinghabits,saysFrugalpac'sfounderMartin

Myerscough.

SafiaQureshisaysIndiahasprovidedtheinspirationforhersolution.

Sheputsforwardthatweusereturnableandreusablecups,whichare

trackedandcollectedbyhercompanyCupClub.Theywillberesponsiblefor

collecting,washingandredistributingthecleancupstoparticipating

retailers.

OnefinalexampleoflateralthinkingcomesfromCupffee.Thistrio

fromBulgariahavecombinedcerealstoformacupwhichcanbeeatenonce

thedrinkisfinished.Itisapparentlysweetandcrisp,canholdacoffeefor

upto40minutesandwillbiodegradewithinweeks.

Whetheranyoftheseinnovativeideasareaperfectfitforthis

disposableissue,onlytimewilltell.It'spossiblethatamoreviablesolution

hasyettobeventured,thoughitmaynotbelongincoming.Allitmay

requireisalittlemorethinkingoutsidethebox...orshouldthatbecoffee

cup?

二、词汇表

hitch小问题

intheory理论上

obstacle障碍

throwaspannerintheworks从中捣乱，打乱计划

tackle解决，处理

issue问题

comeupwith提出、想出（主意）

feasible行得通的,可行的

propose提出

offerasolution给出解决方案

pragmatic实用的，重实效的

inspiration灵感

putforward提出（建议、想法等）

lateralthinking横向思维，发散式思维

perfectfit完美的答案

viable可行的，可望成功的

venture冒险去做，大胆尝试

thinkingoutsidethebox以新的眼光看问题，跳出传统思维框架

三、测试与练习

阅读课文并回答问题。

1.HowmanydisposablecoffeecupsarethrownawayintheUKeach

year?

2.Whyarethedisposablecoffeecupsnotrecycled?

3.InwhatwayareBiomeBioplastics'cupsdifferent?

4.WheredidSafiaQureshifindinspirationforherCupClubidea?

5.WhatadvantagesaretheretoCupffee/sediblecup?

请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填

入句子的空格处。

1.Theconstructionhasmeta.Thesteelweusedwon'thold

theweightoftheroof.We'llneedtochangeit.

hitchissue

proposedviable

2.Thankyouforcomingtothemeeting.I'dliketoanidea

thatIthinkyouwilllike.

tackleproposed

putforwardinspire

3.I'msorry,butthereturnontheinvestmentdoesn'tcoverthe

expenses,whichmeansit'snoteconomically.

issueproposed

pragmaticviable

4.Usingyourbelttorepairthebrokenhandleonyourbagwasgreat

offerasolutionpragmatic

lateralthinkingintheory

5.Sobyusingthefoodsupermarketsarethrowingawaytofeedthe

homeless,wesolvebothproblems.It'sa.

inspirationfeasible

perfectfitissue

【参考答案】

阅读课文并回答问题。

1.HowmanydisposablecoffeecupsarethrownawayintheUKeach

year?

IntheUK,wethrowawayanestimated2.5billiondisposablecoffeecups

everyyear.

2.Whyarethedisposablecoffeecupsnotrecycled?

Whatthrowsaspannerintheworksisthelayerofpolyethylenethatmakes

thecupwaterproof,andthelid,whichismostoftenmadeofpolystyrene.

Asaresult,mostofthecupsendupinlandfill.

3.InwhatwayareBiomeBioplastics'cupsdifferent?

BiomeBioplasticshascomeupwithafullycompostable,recyclablecup

thatusesnaturalmaterials,suchaspotatostarch,aswaterproofing.

4.WheredidSafiaQureshifindinspirationforherCupClubidea?

SafiaQureshisaysIndiahasprovidedtheinspirationforhersolution.

5.WhatadvantagesaretheretoCupffee'sediblecup?

Itisapparentlysweetandcrisp,canholdacoffeeforupto40minutesand

willbiodegradewithinweek.

请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填

入句子的空格处。

1.Theconstructionhasmetahitch.Thesteelweusedwon'tholdthe

weightoftheroof.We'llneedtochangeit.

2.Thankyouforcomingtothemeeting.I'dliketoputforwardanidea

thatIthinkyouwilllike.

3.I'msorry,butthereturnontheinvestmentdoesn'tcoverthe

expenses,whichmeansit'snoteconomicallyviable.

4.Usingyourbelttorepairthebrokenhandleonyourbagwas

greatlateralthinking.

5.Sobyusingthefoodsupermarketsarethrowingawaytofeedthe

homeless,wesolvebothproblems.It'saperfectfit.

你不知道的"入睡边缘"常识

导读：

每个人一生中大约有三分之一的时间都处于睡眠状态。一直以来，科

学家对于人类为什么要睡觉，睡觉时大脑究竟处于什么状态等问题进行了

多方面的深入研究。那么，当人类处于睡眠边缘状态时，身体里到底发生

着什么变化？它又意味着什么？新的研究正在寻找这些答案。本集《外刊

精读》介绍有关人类睡眠边缘状态的研究。

一、语篇泛读

Vocabulary:sleep词汇：睡眠

Howlongdoesittakeyoutofallasleep?Areyououtlikealightassoon

asyourheadhitsthepillow,ordoesittakeyoumorethanalittletime

todozeoff?

Iftheaveragenight'ssleepiseighthours,orathirdofaday,thenit

meanswespendaroundonethirdofourlivesinthisdormantstate.Science

alreadyhasreamsofdataonthebrain'sactivityduringsleepitself.Now,an

internationalgroupofresearchersattheUniversityofCambridgeare

researchingthatdopeystateweallgothroughbetweenwide

awakeandfastasleep.

Thistransitionalperiodusuallylastsbetweenfiveand20minutes,says

SridharRajanJagannathan,oneofCambridge'sGatesScholars.However,

peopleexhibitavarietyofbehaviourwithinthistime.Forsome,goingtothe

landofnodisasmooth,quickjourney,whileothershavemoredifficulty.

They“begintogetdrowsy"andthensnapoutofit"backtoalertness"'he

says.

Theaimoftheresearchistofindouthowthispre-sleepphase,when

theeyesglaze,theattentionwandersandthemindislulled,couldbelinked

toaccidentsanddangerousmistakes.Thiscouldhappenduringthedaywhile

atwork."Ifyou'redoingsomeboringtask,youmightbedrowsyinthis

period.Smalldrift-offscancausebigproblems/'saysMrJangannathan.This

isnotjustconnectedtosafetyconcernswithdriving,forexampie,butany

taskwhereconcentrationanddecisionmakingareimportant.

Therearepositivesidestothishypnagogicperiodtoo.Someexperts

thinkthereisaconnectiontocreativityandimagination.Thisiscausedbya

reductioninyourinhibitions,whichmakesyoumorecreative.Youhavemore

freedomtoexpressyourself,andyou'remorewillingtomakemistakes.It

certainlyseemstosupporttheoldadageofsleepingonittosolvea

problem.

Ultimately,therearehopesthatresearchintobrainactivityduring

fallingasleepandwakingmighthelpstrokevictimswhoaretryingtoregain

lostphysicalfunctions.Thatcouldwellbeapipedream.Therearealso

researcheffortsunderwaytofindwaystowarnoftheonsetofsleep,

identifyingchangesineyemovementsorbrainactivity.Thesecouldhave

practicalapplicationsfortiredpeopleoperatingheavymachineryandmay

helpensurethatwhenitcomestoaccidents,we'renotcaughtnapping.

二、词汇表

outlikealight迅速入睡

dozeoff入睡

dormant休眠的，沉睡的

dopey迷迷糊糊的

wideawake完全清醒的

fastasleep熟睡的

thelandofnod在睡梦中

drowsy半梦半醒的，睡意朦胧的

snapoutofit从…迅速恢复过来

alertness清醒

glaze发呆，（眼神）变呆滞

lull使发困，使安静

drift-off渐渐入睡

hypnagogic催眠的,入睡前的

sleepingonit考虑一晚上，把…留到第二天再作决定

pipedream白日梦

catchsomeonenapping使某人措手不及、猝不及防

三、测试与练习

阅读课文并回答问题。

1.Howmuchofourlivesdowespendasleeponaverage?

2.Trueorfalse:Everybodyfallsasleepinthesameway.

3.Whatistheaimofthisresearch?

4.Howdoestheperiodbeforesleepenablecreativity?

5.Whatpracticalmedicalapplicationforthisresearchismentionedin

thearticle?

请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填

入句子的空格处。

1.John,putthatdown!Doyouknowhowmuchcaffeinethereisinthat

drink?Youwon'tsleep!You'llbeallnight.

outlikealightdopey

wideawakealertness

2.Huh?Whatdidyousay?I'msorry,aheavylunchliketheonewejust

atealwaysmakesme.

dormantdrowsy

snapoutofit

caughtnapping

3.Unlesswechangeourprices,wewon'tbeabletocoverour

overheadsnextmonth.Nowthatweknow,wecanactsowewon'tbe

lulledapipedream

caughtnapping

sleeponit

4.Forthepeasantslivinginthemiddleages,theideaofowning

propertyorgoldwasjust.Itwouldneverhappenforthem.

thelandofnodhypnagogic

snapoutofitapipedream

5.John,what'sgoingonwithyoutoday?Youareusuallymuchquicker

thanthis.Willyou?

dozeoffdopey

snapoutofit

sleeponit

【参考答案】

阅读课文并回答问题。

1.Howmuchofourlivesdowespendasleeponaverage?

Iftheaveragenight'ssleepiseighthours,orathirdofaday,thenitmeans

wespendaroundonethirdofourlivesinthisdormantstate.

2.Trueorfalse:Everybodyfallsasleepinthesameway.

False.Peopleexhibitavarietyofbehaviourwithinthistime.Forsome,

goingtosleepisasmooth,quickjourney,whileothershavemore

difficulty.

3.Whatistheaimofthisresearch?

Theaim