人教版新目标 初中语法知识专题 名词专项讲解与训练

八年级下语法复习名词专题教案：(教师用)第一步：情景导入：第二步：查漏习题：1.词汇题：_______n.橡皮；铅笔擦；黑板擦_______n.尺；直尺_______n.箱；盒；橱_______n.双肩背包_______卷笔刀；铅笔刀_______n.字典；词典_______v.拼写_______n.棒球_______n.手表_______n.电脑；电子计算机_______n.钥匙_______n.笔记本_______n.环（状物）；戒指_______adj.丢失的；遗失的_______adj.（find的过去式，过去分词）找回的

_______n.父亲或母亲父/母_______n.姨母；姑母；伯母；婶母_______n.堂（表）兄弟；堂（表）姐妹_______n.女儿_______adj.美妙的；伟大的

_______n.梳妆台；碗柜_______n.书橱；书箱_______n.抽屉_______n.植物_______闹钟2.语法题：()1.Shewasveryhappy.She_____inthemathstest.A.makesafewmistakeB.madeafewmistakesC.madefewmistakesD.makesfewmistake()2.Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.potatoe()3._____are____forcuttingthings.A.Knife/usedB.Knives/usedC.Knife/usingD.Knives/using()4.Whatbig____thetigerhas!A.toothB.teethC.toothsD.toothes()5.Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave()6.-Canwehavesome___?-Yes,please.A.bananaB.orangesC.appleD.pear()7.Onthetabletherearefive____.A.tomatosB.pieceoftomatoesC.tomatoesD.tomato()8.Theygotmuch___fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.informationD.stories()9.Hegaveus____onhowtokeepfit.A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice()10.What___lovelyweatheritis!A./B.theC.anD.a第三步：知识补缺：词汇：erasern.橡皮；铅笔擦；黑板擦rulern.尺；直尺casen.箱；盒；橱backpackn.双肩背包pencilsharpener卷笔刀；铅笔刀dictionaryn.字典；词典spellv.拼写baseballn.棒球watchn.手表computern.电脑；电子计算机keyn.钥匙notebookn.笔记本ringn.环（状物）；戒指lostadj.丢失的；遗失的foundadj.（find的过去式，过去分词）找回的

parentn.父亲或母亲父/母auntn.姨母；姑母；伯母；婶母cousinn.堂（表）兄弟；堂（表）姐妹daughtern.女儿greatadj.美妙的；伟大的

dressern.梳妆台；碗柜bookcasen.书橱；书箱drawern.抽屉plantn.植物alarmclock闹钟说明：本部分单词共25个，分5组记忆，用联想编故事的技巧记忆。单词记忆技巧传授。学生比拼展示自己记忆方法。实战单词默写比赛。语法知识：名词：1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Beijing,Tom,thePeople’sRepublicofChina(中华人民共和国)专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如：theGreatWall(长城)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：theGreens(格林一家人)。2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如：pupil,family,man,foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如：box,child,orange；▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water,news,oil,population,information.2、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：①在单数名词词尾加s。如：map→maps,boy→boys,horse→horses,table→tables.②s,o,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes,box→boxes,hero→heroes,dish→dishes,bench→benches.[注]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如：photo→photos,piano→pianos.③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families,city→cities,party→parties.④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelf→shelves,wolf→wolves,life→lives,knife→knives.2、不规则变化：man→men,woman→women,sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth,fish→fish,child→children,ox→oxen,goose→geese不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：abagofrice→twobagsofrice,apieceofpaper→threepiecesofpaper,abottleofmilk→fivebottlesofmilk.3、名词所有格：名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如：Childern’sDay(儿童节),mysister’sbook(我姐姐的书)(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如：Teachers’Day(教师节)(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s.如：today’snewspaper(今天的报纸),tenminutes’break(十分钟的课间休息),China’spopulation(中国的人口).(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：afinedaughteroftheParty(党的好女儿).2、[注解]：①‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：myaunt’s(我阿姨家),thedoctor’s(诊所)②两人共有某物时,可以采用AandB’s的形式,如：LucyandLily’sbedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)③“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：afriendofmyfather’s(我父亲的一位朋友),afriendofmine(我的一位朋友)第四步：课堂效果验证：()1.-Wouldyoulike___tea?-No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo____.A.any,bottlesoforangeB.some,bottlesoforangeC.many,bottlesoforangesD.few,bottleoforanges()2.Heishungry.Givehim___toeat.A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreadC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads()3.Itreallytookhim:___todrawthenicehorse.A.sometimesB.hourC.longtimeD.sometime()4.Iwouldliketohave___.A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilkIC.twoglassesofmilksD.twoglassofmilks()5.Canyougiveme____?A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupoftea()6.Pleasegiveme___paper.A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof()7.Johnbought___forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes()8.-Howmany____haveyougotonyourfarm?-I'vegotfive.A.sheepsB.sheepC.pigD.chicken()9.Some___cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies()10.Inthepicturetherearemany____andtwo.A.sheep;foxesC.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxD.sheep;foxs()11.Agroupof______willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.A.HungarianB.AustralianC.JapaneseD.American()12.Thistableismadeof___.A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass()13.-Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?-I'dlike____.!A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken()14.Childrenshouldmake____foroldpeopleinabus.A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroom()15.Tablesaremadeof___.A.woodB.somewoodsC.woodenD.woods第五步：知识拓展延伸：名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：1、HYPERLINK\l"谓语"谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：Thecomputerwasagreatinvention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)Thewaterintheglassisverycold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)2、集体名词(如family,class,team,group,row,police,school等)做句子主语时,如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：ClassThreeisaverygoodclass.(三班是好班)如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：ClassThreehaveamapofChina.(三班有张中国地图)3、Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如：Thereisasheepintheyard.(院子里有只绵羊)/Therearesomesheepintheyard.(院子里有一些绵羊)4、maths,news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：Thenewsisveryexciting.(这个消息令人兴奋)5、glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如：ThetrousersareverycheapandIwanttotakethem.(裤子很便宜,我想买)6、alotof后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如：Alotofstudentsareplayingbaseballnow.(现在有许多学生在打垒球)Alotoftimewaswastedonthatwork.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)7、and连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如：Theteacherandhissonarepickingapplesnow.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果)/Fishandchipsisveryfamousfood.(鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)8、therebe句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：Thereisatableandfourchairsintheroom.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：BothyouandIarerequiredtobeheretomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：Awomanwitha7-year-oldchildwasstandingatthesideoftheroad.(一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)11、either…or…或者neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：Eitheryouorheisright.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的)/NeitheryounorIamgoingthere.(你和我都不打算去那里)12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如：Twomonthsisnotashorttime.(两个月不是个短时间)Twothousandkilometersisquitealongdistance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)第六步：本课内容归纳总结&作业布置：作业内容：()1.Iwonderwhy______aresointerestedinaction(武打片)films.A.peopleB.peoplesC.thepeopleD.thepeoples()2.Ihaveread____oftheyoungwriter.A.worksB.workC.thisworksD.theworks()3.Let'smeetat7:30outsidethegateof___?A.thePeople'sParkB.thePeoples'ParkC.thePeopleParkD.People'sPark()4.___Chinesepeopleare___hardworkingpeople.A./;aB.We;theC.The;theD.The;a()5.Howmany______werethereinthestreetwhentheaccidenthappened?A.policemanB.policesC.policeD.peoples()6.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____.A.setB.oneC.pieceD.pair()7.LastweekIboughtaTV____.A.pair.B.setC.pieceD.block()8.Thereisaofwoodleftontheground.A.cup