2020 年雅思学习：议论文核心段的扩展-CC从5到7的飞跃

2024/1/30议论文核心段的扩展CC从5到7的飞跃

1核心段的扩展一篇议论文包括一个介绍段，2-3个核心段和一个总结段。一般来说，考官最看重的是核心段质量，因为从字数和内容来说都占到了一篇议论文的绝大部分。因此，在学习任何一种具体议论文题型之前我们应该了解如何顺畅地扩展核心段。从一个topicsentence到一个完整核心段的过程有很多方法，此课件的任务和目的就是教会大家如何连贯流畅地把一个topicsentence往下降，最终形成闭环的论证逻辑。2024/1/3021.与题目紧密相关，不能随心所欲，一般来自原题或者个人观点。如果原题或者个人观点内容很详细，你只需要改写(不可避免会重复，不用担心)。如果内容很笼统，你就需要稍微往下细化；2.在往下细化的时候，TS必须是一个自己有把握能扩展的方向，否则写不动；3.大部分情况下Topicsentence会是一个明确的结果或者明确的建议，偶尔可以用一个事实或者趋势来作为TS，但主要用在分析原因来的题目中。Topicsentence的基本原则2024/1/303扩展TS的方法有很多，我们来从简单到复杂地学习。2024/1/304三种核心段的目的和扩展方式：1.论证一个好处或者坏处明确的影响作为TS

原因分析

举例/对比/反向假设

扣回TS（改写重复或者往下降一层）

2.一个段落多分论点的展开（一般出现在discussion或者outweigh）带着信号词（some/several/two/three）的笼统型TS

Firstly,第一个分论点+解释

Secondly,第二个分论点+解释

3.分析一个原因（几乎只出现在report）用事实/趋势作为原因TS

结果/举例

结果(回应题目主题)

2024/1/305明确的影响作为TS

原因分析

举例/对比/反向假设

扣回TS（改写重复或者往下降一层）解释原因是人类的本能，但必要要保证TS是一个结果；原因解释写完之后有很多方法继续往下扩展，不要局限；2024/1/306Anotheradvantageofgoingtoschoolatanearlyageisthatchildrendevelopfastersocially.(针对前面socially的解释，省略了Thisisbecause)Theymakefriendsandlearnhowtogetonwithotherchildrenofasimilarage.(没有举例，但是用上学和在家待着作为对比)Thisisoftennotpossibleathomebecausetheyaretheonlychild,orbecausetheirbrothersorsistersareolderoryounger.TS+原因解释+对比--早上学对孩子的好处2024/1/307Ontheotherhand,usingtheinternetdoeshaveapotentialcostwithregardtolossofprivacy.(Thisisbecause)everythingthatinternetusersdoisrecordedbycompaniessuchasGoogleandFacebook,andthereisnotmuchthatthetypicalusercandotopreventit.Forexample,internetusersshouldbearinmindthatalloftheiremailsandsearchesaresaved,andthatGooglemightknowmoreabouttheiractivitiesthantheirfamiliesdo.AsfarasFacebookisconcerned,itsusersseemhappytorevealtheidentitiesoftheirfriendsandfamilies,aswellastheirdailyactivities,eventhoughthisprivateinformationisstoreddefinitely.Ifitfellintothewronghands,itcouldrepresentarealthreattopeople'sfreedom,security,andmoney.

TS+原因解释+举例解释---互联网的使用导致隐私威胁2024/1/308Encouragingstudentstocriticizeorgradetheirteacherscontributestoimprovingteachingquality.Thisispartlybecausecomplaintsfromtheformerhelpthelattertobecomeawareofthedefectsintheirteachingmethods.Forexample,ifalargeproportionofstudentscomplainaboutthedifficultyofmathclasses,theteacherwillimprovethesituationbymakingmoreexplanationorslowingdownthepaceoflearning.Apartfromthat,asimportantdecisionsincludingmeritreviews,payraises,andpromotionsarebasedinpartontheseevaluations,teachersmusttreatfeedbackcarefullyanddoeverythingpossibletomakeimprovementsintheirteaching,suchasspendingmoretimecorrectinghomework.–这个片段里有两次原因解释TS+原因解释+举例解释+另一个原因--鼓励学生给老师评分2024/1/309

自己练习不可否认不同年纪的人有不同的购物习惯。（这是因为）随着年纪增长，人们的需求和兴趣在不断变化。比如说，小孩子把零花钱全花在零食和玩具上，而年轻人则开始追逐时尚，购买潮流的鞋子和衣服。中年人的钱主要被用来改善生活质量比如更大的房子和更好的汽车，而老年人则只愿意花钱在健康相关的产品上。2024/1/3010

自己练习（先自己扩展中文，再翻译成英文）在家工作效率低–因为有分心和干扰–比如说宠物或者小孩子2024/1/3011有的时候在一个核心段需要给出两个及以上的分论点。这时候TS给人的感觉是至少包括两个分论点。-这种情况一般出现在Discuss或者outweigh这类题型中2024/1/30

12Peopleinfavourofstudentswearingschooluniformsbelievethatithasanumberofbenefits.1).Firstly,requiringstudentstowearuniformshelpsreducepeerpressure.Wheneveryoneintheclassisdressedinthesameway,theyarenotlikelytotalkaboutthepriceandtasteofclothes.Asaresult,noonewouldfeelasenseofsuperiorityorprejudiced.2).Inaddition,theruleofwearingschooluniformskeepsthecampussafe.Thisisbecausethosewhoarenotmembersoftheschoolcanbeeasilyrecognizedandkeptoutside.Thereareconsequentlyfewerpossibilitiesofsomeincidents,suchastheftorgangbullyingoncampus.支持校服的理由2024/1/3013Ontheonehand,fromtheperspectiveofsomeoptimists,theremaybegreatbenefitstocontactingalienlifeforms.1).ItislikelythatourneighboursinspacewouldlendustheirfarmoreadvancedtechnologiestosolveaseriesofproblemsontheEarth.Forexample,environmentalpollutioncouldbeeradicatedandlife-threateningdiseasescouldbecuredifwecouldbetechnologicallyimprovedbyouralienfriends.2).Whatismore,withtheirassistance,humanbeingsmaybeabletomakeasignificantstepforwardtoliveonotherplanets.Thismeansthatwewouldnolongerbeafraidoffacinganycatastrophethatmightdestroyourhomeplanet.

联系外星人的好处2024/1/3014Ontheonehand,therearetworeasonswhysomepeoplesaywearemoredependentoneachothernow.1).Firstly,thecostoflivinghasincreasedsodramaticallythatlifeismorecomplexanddifficult.Youngadults,forexample,havetorelyontheirparentsforfinancialhelpwhenrentingaflatorbuyingahouse.Housingpricesarehigherthanever,andifrelyingonthemselvesitwouldbeimpossibleformanyyoungpeopletopayadepositandamortgage.2).Secondly,peoplewantabetterqualityoflifefortheirfamilies.Thismeansthatbothparentsusuallyneedtoworkfull-time,andtheydependonsupportfromgrandparentsandbabysittersforchildcare.2024/1/3015

自己练习住在楼房高层的人们享受一些好处。首先，他们有更好的视野景观。比如说，他们可以看到城市的全貌以及城市外面的自然风景。其次，高层住户享受更好的生活环境，因为家里会有更好的光线和通风，这对保持房间卫生有很大帮助。2024/1/3016HoldingtheOlympicGamesallowsthehostcountrytoreapbenefitsintermsofeconomicgrowthandpublichealth.Withregardtotheformer,millionsofpeopleareattractedtothehostcountytowatchworld-classsportsgamesandtoexperiencethelocalculture,bothofwhichbringinbillionsofdollarsincashandcreatealargenumberofjobopportunities.Theothercontributionmadebyhostingthisinternationaleventisthataninterestinsportswillbedevelopedinthepublicasthegovernmentbuildsmoresportsfacilitiesandintroducesknowledgeofvarioussports.Asaresult,theywouldbecomemorephysicallyactiveandthelevelofhealthinthegeneralpopulationcouldbeimproved.举办奥运会的好处（TS有预告的效果）2024/1/3017

自己练习在家工作让人们可以灵活安排时间和享受舒适的环境。Withregardtotheformer,在家工作的人可以按照自己的情况来决定工作和休息。比如说，………Theotherbenefitisthat人们可以很舒服地在家工作。比如说，没有必要穿正装或者highheels，可以选择最舒服的衣服。2024/1/3018针对题目给出的现象来分析原因（最可能出现在report题型里分析原因）TS(用事实/趋势作为原因)+

进一步的结果+

进一步的结果2024/1/3019Inmanycountries,thebirthrateisdecreasingsothatfamiliesaresmallerwithfewerchildren.Thesechildrenareoftenspoiltbecausetheyareallowedtohavewhatevertheywant,regardlessofprice,andtobehaveastheyplease.Thismeansthatthechildrengrowupwithoutconsiderationforothers.Whentheygettoschoolagetheyhavenotlearntanyselfcontrolordiscipline.Theyhavelessrespectfortheirteachersan