高考英语二轮复习 第一编 一阅读理解 题型一 阅读理解练习 新人教版-新人教版高三全册英语试题

第一编综合能力再提升一、阅读理解

题型一细节理解题语篇出处：2019年全国卷Ⅰ·A篇语篇类型：应用文主题语境：暑假工作NeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合条件)forthisprogram,whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15－18yearsoldinselectcommunities(社区)．SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands­onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15－29,returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOpportunities(机会)ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.1．WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A．Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B．Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C．Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D．Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.2．WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A．15－18. B．15－24.C．15－29. D．16－17.3．Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A．JobsforYouth.B．SummerCompany.C．StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.D．SummerEmploymentOpportunities.解答广告、旅游信息、演出信息、工作介绍等应用文的关键是题干，采用题干定位法。题1：题干定位：根据题干中的关键词“SummerCompany”，可定位到SummerCompany一段。文中关键句为“SummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands­onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.”运用同义替换，判断出“runtheirownsummerbusinesses”相当于“runningnewbusinesses”。选B。题2：题干中的关键词是“StewardshipYouthRangerProgram”，由文中“Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.”可知，雇佣时的年龄要在16到17岁，且在12月31日前不能超过18岁。选D。题3：题干中关键词是“thedisabled”，可以替换为“personswithadisability”。由“Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.”可知，“SummerEmploymentOpportunities(机会)”项目有利于残疾人找工作。选D。考法1事实细节题——“题干定位”法典例片段(2019·江西重点盟校模考)Hereareoursuggestionsforkeepingbusythisweek.Divein！...GetscientificinLondonExperiencethelatest,bestandmostchallengingsciencecoveringallareasofourlivesanduniverseatNewScienceLiveatExCelLondon.NewScientistLiveisafour­dayfestivalfullofideasanddiscoveriesfromtheteambehindtheworld'smostpopularscienceweeklymagazine,featuringfourzones—Brain&Body,Technology,EarthandUniverse—aswellastalksfromexpertsandover200exhibitors.WhatistrueaboutNewScientistLive？A.Ascienceweeklymagazine.B.Afestivalwhereideasanddiscoveriesareshared.C.Afestivaltocelebrategreatscientists.D.Anexhibitiontoshowscientificdiscoveries.第一步题干定位：题干中的关键词是“NewScientistLive”。第二步锁定信息：文中信息是“NewScientistLiveisafour­dayfestivalfullofideasanddiscoveries”。第三步分析对比：文中信息与选项B中的信息“festival”和“ideasanddiscoveries”相匹配，故选B。考法2间接信息题——“断章取义”法典例片段(2018·全国卷Ⅰ，A篇)CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D．C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD．C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D．C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour？A.Meetfamouspeople.B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell­knownmuseums.D.Enjoyinterestingstories.第一步锁定关键词：题干中的关键词是“CapitalCityBikeTour”。第二步定位相关信息：文中信息是“entertainyouwiththemostinterestingstories”。第三步分析对比：文中“entertainyouwiththemostinterestingstories”与选项D中的信息“Enjoyinterestingstories”相匹配，是同义替换，故选D。考法3数字计算题——“加减乘除”法典例片段(2019·重庆模考)Youcanvisitasmanyattractionsasyouwant—evenmorewiththetimesavedwithfasttrackentry.Youdon'tneedtocarrytoomuchcashandtheNewYorkPasskeepscontrolonyourspending.NewYorkPassPrices：OfferEnds:Fri.13Feb.2016ProductPrice1DayAdultPass$751DayChildPass$552DayAdultPass$1102DayChildPass$903DayAdultPass$1123DayChildPass$967DayAdultPass$1447DayChildPass$112JackandhistwokidswillvisitNewYorkforthreedaysinJanuaryin2016,howmuchshouldhepayfortheNewYorkPass?A.$520. B．$420.C.$380. D．$304.第一步题干定位：题干中的关键词是“Jackandhistwokids”“threedays”和“inJanuary”。内容考查观光价格。第二步锁定信息：文中信息是表格中的“3DayAdultPass”和“3DayChildPass”，2月13号之前成人价格优惠到$112；儿童价格是$96。第三步正确计算：一个成人$112，加上两个儿童$96乘以2，共计$304，故选D。考法4事件排序题——“首尾定位”法典例片段(2019·湖北七市联考)Recently,a1935letterinwhichErnestHemingwaydetailedhiscatchofa500lbbluemarlin(青枪鱼),anadventurethatisbelievedtohavepartlyinspiredhisnovelTheOldManandtheSea,hasbeensoldfor$28,000(￡22,000)....NateDSanders,theauction(拍卖)companywhichsoldtheletter,saiditdocumentedforthefirsttimeinHemingway'sownwordsnotonlythesizeofthemarlin,butalsotheattackbysharks,reflectingtheplotofthenovel....TheOldManandtheSeawasalsoinspiredbyananecdotetoldbyHemingway'sCubanfriendCarlosGutierrez.In1936,Hemingwaywroteinamagazine...aboutanoldfishermanwhocaughtagreatmarlinalone.Threeyearslater,Hemingway...wasplanningashortstory...hewasawardedtheNobelPrizein1954.Whichisthecorrectorderoftimeforthefollowingfactsinthepassage？①Hemingwaywrotealettertodescribehisadventure.②Hemingwaycaughtabigbluemarlin.③Theletterwassoldatauction.④TheOldManandTheSeawontheNobelPrize.A.①③②④ B．②①④③C.②④①③ D．②③①④第一步事实信息：1.写信内容是关于金枪鱼的，说明先捉到鱼，后写信。2.捉到金枪鱼的事激发他写了《老人与海》。第二步分析对比：《老人与海》使他获得了诺贝尔奖，成名之后这封信被拍卖。第三步锁定答案：最早的事件是捉到鱼，最后事件是拍卖信。选B。(2019·陕西西安模考)语篇类型：应用文主题语境：产品广告篇章导读：本文是一篇广告，介绍了PersonalRobot和WATCHCONTROL的功能和价格。1.WithhelpfromaMrH,youcan________.A.stopusingbatteriesB.rememberyourteacher'sinstructionsC.finishyourhomeworkontimeD.getyourroomtidiedonyourwayhome答案：C细节理解题。由“Areyouhavingproblemsfinishingyourhomeworkontime？”和“Youdon'tneedtoworryifyoubuyaMrHelpingHandpersonalrobot.”可知，MrH可以帮助你按时完成作业。2.APENGOWATCHCONTROLcanhelpyouto________.A.repairyourTVB.knowwhattheweatherislikeC.beaJamesBondD.organizeyourhomework答案：B细节理解题。由“givesyouadailyweatherforecast”可知，PENGOWATCHCONTROL可以告知天气状况。3.Wherewouldyoubemostlikelytofindthetwotexts?A.Onanoticeboard.B.Onateenagewebsite.C.Inacompanybrochure.D.Inacollegenewspaper.答案：B推理判断题。由“Forfurtherinformation,clickhere.”可知，文章来自网站。guaranteen.为(产品)提供保修；包换actas担任，充当aremotecontrol遥控器第一段最后一句：Yourownpersonalrobotwillfollowyouaround,puttingawaybooksandobjectsthatyouhaveleftonthefloororbed.译文：你自己的机器人会跟着你到处走，把你留在地板或床上的书和东西收起来。分析：puttingaway...为现在分词作伴随状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词booksandobjects。专题强化训练(一)(1)(2019·衡水中学模考)BooksKidsShouldReadBeforeThey're12TheSnowyDayByEzraJackKeatsAyoungboywakestoaworldoffreshlyfallensnowandgoesexploringthroughoutthecityscapeinthisgentle,shiningclassic.Withsimpletextandimaginativecollages(拼贴图),EzraJackKeatscatchesthedelightkidsfeelinthesimplestpleasures.GoodnightMoonByMargaretWiseBrownAsthemoonrisesinawinternightsky,ayoungrabbitsettlesdownforthenight.Anoldladyrabbitrocksquietlyinanearbychairsewing,twocatsplayingonthecarpet.Theroomgrowsgraduallydarkerastherabbitsaysgoodnighttoeachobjectinhisroomandoutsidethewindow,andthenfallsasleep.TheTaleofPeterRabbitByBeatrixPotterDespitehismother'swarning,PeterRabbitentersMrMcGregor'sgarden.Sureenough,MrMcGregortracksPeterwithaspade.Peterloseshisshoesamongthepotatoesandcabbages.Frightenedandoutofbreath,Peterfinallyseesthegateandslipsbackhome.Heisputtobedwithacupofteawhilehisthreewell­behavedsistersenjoyfruitsandmilk.FrogandToad(蟾蜍)AreFriendsByArnoldLobelOnceFrogconvincesthesleepyToadthatwinterisactuallyover,thetwofriendsrunoutsidetoseehowtheworldislookinginspring.Witheachnewseasoncomesnewjourneys.Eventhoughthecharactersarefictional,thefeelingstheyshareareveryreal,andthecaretheyshowforeachotherandtheworldaroundthemstandsoutasagoodexampleoffriendship.篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几本孩子们在12岁之前应该阅读的书目。1.Whichbookcanhelpchildrendevelopabedtimeroutine？A.TheSnowyDay.B.GoodnightMoon.C.TheTaleofPeterRabbit.D.FrogandToadAreFriends.答案：B细节理解题。题干中的关键词是“bedtime”，GoodnightMoon中提到“...saysgoodnighttoeachobject...andthenfallsasleep”，这就告诉了孩子们睡觉前该做什么。故选B。2.WhatdoesPeterRabbitdo?A.Heexploresaforbiddengarden.B.Hehasanargumentwithhismother.C.Herobsagardenofsomevegetables.D.Heistoofrightenedtoslipbackhome.答案：A细节理解题。题干关键词是“PeterRabbit”，根据该部分中的“Despitehismother'swarning,PeterRabbitentersMrMcGregor'sgarden.”以及下文的冒险经历可知，PeterRabbit去了一个禁止进入的园子里探险。3.WhatdoesArnoldLobelintendtotellchildreninhisbook？A.Friendship. B．Fictionwriting.C.Informationsharing. D．Animalprotection.答案：A细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“ArnoldLobel”，我们可以定位到最后一段。由该段中的“asagoodexampleoffriendship”可知，该书讲的是友谊。explorevt.探索imaginativeadj.富于想像力的slipvi.溜走，悄悄地走最后一段最后一句：Eventhoughthecharactersarefictional,thefeelingstheyshareareveryreal,andthecaretheyshowforeachotherandtheworldaroundthemstandsoutasagoodexampleoffriendship.译文：尽管这些角色都是虚构的，但他们分享的感情却是真实的，他们对彼此和周围世界的关心是友谊的典范。分析：这是一个主从复合句。eventhough引导让步状语从句，主句中的theyshare与theyshowforeachotherandtheworldaroundthem都是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，分别修饰feelings和care。(2)(2019·北京海淀模考)EveryoneatPacsafeisalwayseagertogetoutintheworldandenjoynewcultures,food,andexperiences.Withthatinmindweaskedafewofourtoptravelbugsfortheirbesttraveldestinationrecommendationsfor2019.TheyalsoincludedtheirfavoritePacsafebagtotakeonthetrip.Enjoyandhopefullygetsomeideasforyourownglobe－trottingadventure.SriLanka—AlisonHanko,GlobalMarketingDirectorI'mgoingtoSriLankathissummerholidayandcan'twait.It'sclosetoHongKongwhereIliveandI'vealwayswantedtogo.Thefoodissupposedtobeamazing.ItseemsreallyrelaxingandIreallywanttodotheKandytoBadullatrainride,whichlooksjuststunning.We'vebookedagoodmixofbeaches,sometimeinasafaritenttohopefullyseeelephantsinthewild.Formybag,I'llmostlikelytaketheQuiksilver40LPackbecauseithasthebuilt－inwetpackformybikinis.It'salsoagreatsizeforaweek­longtripinawarmclimate.Japan—BenBarras,CreativeDirectorJapanisdefinitelymybesttraveldestinationrecommendation.Theculture,thestreets,thearchitecture,theinspirationyougetfromallofthatisamazing.Thefoodisalsofascinating.It'swhereI'mmostplanningtogo.Tokyoobviously,butalsovisitingthemountains.Youcangosnowboarding,whichIhaven'tdoneforyears.IhaveaVibe25LBackpackwhichyoucanpackalotin.ThethingIlikemostaboutitisthatit'scompact,butstillfitsplentyin.I'llpairthatupwithalargertravelbagfortherestofmythingsandusethebackpacktogetarounddaytoday.Berlin—PhilHayes,ExecutiveVPofGlobalDesignForme,it'sdefinitelyBerlin.I'mparticularlyexcitedaboutthefashion,whichIhearisprettyfullon.Alsotheartgalleriesandhistory.Food,nightlife.EverythingI'veheardaboutBerlinisprettycool,soI'mgoingtosuckasmuchasIcanoutofit.World'sGlobalStyleNetworkhadtheBerlinshoppinglistthatcameoutrecently,soI'mgoingtofollowthatthroughaswell.Bagwise,itwillbetheQuiksilverXCollabBag.It'sthe25LAnti－theftBackpack.It'snormallymygo－tobagforcitytripsbecauseit'ssupereasytolockontheplaneandinbars,andit'sjusttherightamountofspace.篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文，主要推荐了几处旅游胜地。1.WhichofthePacsafebagisagoodchoiceforbeachtravel？A.TheQuiksilver40LPack.B.TheVibe25LBackpack.C.TheQuiksilverXCollabBag.D.25LAnti－theftBackpack.答案：A细节理解题。题干中提到“beachtravel”，由第三段中的“Formybag,I'llmostlikelytaketheQuiksilver40LPackbecauseithasthebuilt­inwetpackformybikinis.”可知，theQuiksilver40LPack这种包有内置的专门装比基尼的地方，很适合沙滩旅行。2.Ifyouareinterestedinfashion,whichdestinationshouldyouchoose？A.SriLanka. B．Japan.C.HongKong. D．Berlin. 答案：D细节理解题。题干中的关键词是“fashion”，由倒数第二段中的“Forme,it'sdefinitelyBerlin.I'mparticularlyexcitedaboutthefashion”可知，如果你对时尚感兴趣，可以选择去柏林。3.Whatcanyouenjoyinallthethreeplacesmentioned？A.Beautifulbeaches. B．Amazingfood.C.Fascinatingart. D．Coolsnowboarding.答案：B细节理解题。三个地方分别提到“Thefoodissupposedtobeamazing.”“Thefoodisalsofascinating.”“Food,nightlife.EverythingI'veheardaboutBerlinisprettycool”，都是说明食物很棒。故选B。4.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A.sharepersonaltravellingexperiencesB.offerpracticaltipsontakingadventureC.presentculturesindifferentcountriesD.recommendfavorabletraveldestinations答案：D推理判断题。由第一段中的“Withthatinmindweaskedafewofourtoptravelbugsfortheirbesttraveldestinationrecommendations”可知，本文旨在推荐几处游览胜地。recommendationn.推荐besupposedto理应，应该stunningadj.令人震惊的，让人叫绝的倒数第二段第二句：I'mparticularlyexcitedaboutthefashion,whichIhearisprettyfullon.译文：我对时装特别感兴趣，我听说它(在柏林)相当流行。分析：这是一个主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词fashion。定语从句中的Ihear是插入语。(3)Amazonisthelargestonlineretailer(零售商)intheworld.Ithasover200millioncustomers.Annualrevenuesexceed$61billionandit'sgrowthrateis31.5%peryear.Onapeakday,Amazonwillsell306productspersecondandship15.6millionofthoseproductsworldwide.AccordingtofounderandCEOJeffBezos,Amazon'ssuccessisbaseduponmeetingcorecustomerexpectationssuchaslowpricesandfastdelivery.“Iknowthatpeoplewillwantlowprices10yearsfromnow.Iknowthattheywillwantfastdelivery，”hesaid.Butfastdeliveryisdependentonanumberofthird－partydeliveryservices,whicharestrugglingtomeetAmazon'sexpectations.Sohowdoesoneoftheworld'sleadingtechnologyinnovatorsapproachthisproblem?Well,hecreatesanoff－the－wallprojecttodevelopaseeminglyimpossibletechnologicalsolution.SuchprojectsaretypicallyreferredtoinSiliconValleyas“moonshotideas”.Ideasaresotechnologicallyambitiousthatmostpeoplewouldconsiderthemimpossible.GooglefoundersLarryPageandSergeyBrinhavetheirself－drivingcarprojectandPayPalfounderElonMuskhashisSpaceXprojecttocolonizeMars.Bezos'AmazonPrimeAirprojectplanstouseunmannedaerialdrones(无人机)todeliverparcels.Flyingrobotsthatwillcometoyourhomewithyourorder.It'sanambitiousundertakingandthechallengesaresoextensiveandoverwhelmingthatitjustlookslikeadumbideaunlessyoubelievethisquote,“Theoneswhoarecrazyenoughtothinkthattheycanchangetheworld,aretheoneswhodo.”篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道，讲述了网络销售巨头亚马逊利用无人机来提高货物的运输速度。1.HowmanyproductscanAmazonsellinanhouronapeakday？A.18,180. B．18,666.C.61,200. D．1,101,600.答案：D细节理解题。由第二段中的“Onapeakday,Amazonwillsell306productspersecond”可知，亚马逊在销售高峰期时，一秒钟可以销售306件货物，那么一小时的销售量应为306×60×60＝1,101,600。2.WhydosomanypeoplebuyproductsonAmazon？A.TherearesomanychoicesonAmazon.B.Theproductsarecheapanddeliveredsoon.C.Theproductshavesomeleadingtechnology.D.AmazongetthesupportfromSiliconValley.答案：B推理判断题。由第三段中的“Amazon'ssuccessisbaseduponmeetingcorecustomerexpectationssuchaslowpricesandfastdelivery”可知，亚马逊的成功建立在满足了核心客户期望的基础上，比如价位低、递送快。3.What'sthesolutiontoAmazon'sfastdelivery？A.SpaceXproject. B．Unmannedaerialdrones.C.Moonshotideas. D．Self－drivingcarproject.答案：B细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Bezos'AmazonPrimeAirprojectplanstouseunmannedaerialdrones(无人机)todeliverparcels.”可知答案为B。4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeusedtobestdescribeCEOJeffBezos？A.Strict. B．Serious.C.Creative. D．Attractive.答案：C推理判断题。由第五段可知，作为世界顶级的科技创新者之一，JeffBezos创建了一个古怪的项目来开发一个看起来不可能的技术解决方案。由此可知JeffBezo很有创新思维。exceedvt.超过bedependenton取决于overwhelmingadj.巨大的；压倒性的最后一段：It'sanambitiousundertakingandthechallengesaresoextensiveandoverwhelmingthatitjustlookslikeadumbideaunlessyoubelievethisquote,“Theoneswhoarecrazyenoughtothinkthattheycanchangetheworld,aretheoneswhodo.”译文：这是一项前途无量的事业，挑战是永无止境和令人窒息的，以至于它只是看起来像一个愚蠢的想法，除非你相信这句话，“那些疯狂到认为他们可以改变世界的人，就是那些做实事的人。”分析：这是一个含有状语从句的并列复合句，and连接两个分句。在第二个分句中含有so...that...引导的结果状语从句和unless引导的条件状语从句。引语中的who引导定语从句，分别修饰前面的先行词ones;think后面的that引导宾语从句。(4)(2019·江西临川一中模考)ThecostoflivingincountriesliketheUS,Britain,AustraliaorFrancehasskyrocketedinrecentyears.However,ifyou'rewillingtoleaveyourcountryandexplorelifeinotherareas,therearemanycountriesboastinganextremelycheapandlowcostofliving.Checkoutthefollowingcountrieswhenplanningyournextmove.EcuadorEcuadorissimilartotheUnitedStatesinmanyways,andasaresulthasbecomeapopularAmericangetaway.TheyevenusetheUSDollarfortheircurrency.Inthiscountry,it'scheapertoeatouteverydaythancookforyourselfonabudgetintheUS.Youcanevenbuyapropertyforaround$50,000andhiresomeonetotendtoitwhileyou'reaway.MexicoAlthoughthecountryisknownforitspoverty­riddenstreets,therearemanywealthierareasthatprovideeveryfaci