新世纪大学英语第四册第一单元语言点解析

新世纪大学英语第四册第一单元语言点解析

LanguagePointsforUnit1

StudyoftheText

DifficultSentences

1.Weareconnectedwithnatureby“bloodties”andwecannotlive

outsidenature.

(1)Whatdoes"bloodties55referto?

A:Itreferstosuchverycloserelationshipaskinship.

(2)Translatethesentence.

T:我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。

2.Humanityconvertsnature'swealthintothemeansofthecultural,

historicallifeofsociety.

Q:Translatethesentence.

T:人类把自然资源转变为各种文化和社会历史的财富。

3.Notonlyhasmantransferredvariousspeciesofplantsandanimalsto

differentclimaticconditions,hehasalsochangedtheshapeandclimate

ofhisenvironmentandtransformedplantsandanimals.

(1)Analyzethestructureofthissentence.

A:Thisisacompoundsentenceledby“notonly...(but)also”.Thefirst

halfledby“notonly^^istheinvertedstructure.

Moreexamples:

NotonlyisTomveryclever,heisalsoverydiligent.

Notonlydidhelosehisbag,buthehimselfgotlost.

Notonlydoeshewritethelyricstothesongs,buthealsocomposesthe

music.

(2)Paraphrasethissentence.

A:Manhasshifteddifferentkindsofplantsandanimalstoareaswith

differentclimatesfromthoseoftheiroriginalhabitats.Moreover,manhas

transformedtheshapeandclimateofhisownenvironmentand

accordinglytheplantsandanimalshavealsoadaptedthemselvestothe

changes.

4.Naturewithitselementalforceswasregardedassomethinghostileto

man.

(1)Whatcanwelearnfromthissentence?

A:Wecanlearnthatthepowerofnatureisoutofman'scontrolsothatit

isbelievedtobeunfavorabletohumanity.

(2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

T:大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。

5.Thiswasalldoneinthenameofcivilization,whichmeanttheplaces

wheremanhadmadehishome,wheretheearthwascultivated,wherethe

foresthadbeencutdown.

(1)Analyzethestructureofthissentence.

A:Theattributiveclauseledbyttwhich,'includesanotherthreeattributive

clausesledby“where“inparallelstructure.

(2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

T:这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的。所谓“文明”，就是人类

在哪里建立家园、耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。

6.Scienceandman'spracticaltransformingactivitieshavemade

humanityawareoftheenormousgeologicalroleplayedbytheindustrial

transformationoftheearth.

Q:Paraphrasethissentence

A:Manhasrealizedthegreatgeologicalchangescausedbytheindustrial

influenceontheearth,whichismadebyscienceandman'stransforming

activitiesinpractice.

7.Atpresent,thepreviousdynamicbalancebetweenmanandnatureand

betweennatureandsocietyasawhole,hasshownominoussignsof

breakingdown.

(1)Whatcanwelearnfromthissentence?

A:Wecanlearnfromthesentencethatmanhasthreatenedthebalance

betweenmanandnatureandbetweennatureandsociety,whichusedto

bemaintaineddynamically,butnowtendstocollapse.

(2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

T:目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，

已显现出崩溃的迹象。

8.Moderntechnologyisdistinguishedbyanever-increasingabundance

ofproducedandusedsyntheticgoods.

(1)Whatcanwelearnfromthissentence?

A:Wecaninferfromthissentencethatitismoderntechnology,toagreat

extent,thatenablestheproductionandconsumptionoflargequantitiesof

syntheticgoods.

(2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

T:现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。

9.Itssolutionliesinrationalandwiseorganizationofbothproduction

itselfandcareforMotherNature,notjustbyindividuals,enterprisesor

countries,butbyallhumanity.

Q:TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

T:这一问题的解决之道在于理性而明智地协调生产和对大自然的关

爱之间的关系，这不仅要依靠个人、企业或者国家的力量，而且要依

靠全人类的力量。

10.Buttoreturntoourtheme,thebittertruthisthatthosehumanactions

whichviolatethelawsofnature,theharmonyofthebiosphere,threaten

tobringdisastermayturnouttobeuniversal.

(1)Paraphrasethissentence

A:Aswecometothetopicunderdiscussion,itispainfultoseethefact

thathumanactivitiesmaywellbringdisasterthroughtheviolationofthe

lawsofnatureandtheharmonyofthebiosphere.

(2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

T:但是，回到我们原先的主题上，令人难以接受的事实是那些违背

了自然规律、破坏了生物圈和谐的人类行为将会带来灾难，而这一事

实可能是普遍存在的。

LanguagePoints

1.realm:n.acountryruledoverbyakingorqueen;ageneralareaof

knowledge,activity,orthought

e.g.Thekinghadtocallrepresentativesofdifferentclassesoftherealm

intoconsultationuponthenationaleconomiccrisis.

T:Themoviehasbroughtchildrentoarealmofimagination.

影片将孩子们带入了幻想的王国。

Collocations:

publicrealm公众领域

e.g.Healwaysprojectsanimageofsuccessinpublicrealm.

T:他总是以成功人士的形象出现在公众面前。

withintherealmsofpossibility有可能的

Itwasactuallywithintherealmsofpossibility.

T:这是完全有可能的。

2.interac|:vi.ifpeopleorthingsinteractwitheachother,theyaffecteach

other

e.g.Lucyinteractswellwithotherchildrenintheclass.

T:所有事物都是互相联系又互相作用的。

Allthingsareinterrelatedandinteractwitheachother.

3.transform:vt.tocompletelychangetheappearance,form,orcharacter

ofsomethingorsomeone,especiallyinawaythatimprovesit

e.g.Increasedpopulationhastransformedthelandscape.

T:这部戏儿乎在一夜之间把她从一个不为人知的校园女生变成了演

艺巨星。

Theplaytransformedheralmostovernightfromanunknownschoolgirl

intoamegastar.

CF:change,convert&transform这些动词均有“变化，改变”之意。

change指任何变化，完全改变，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同。

convert指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。指信仰或态

度时，强调较激烈、大的改变。

transform指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变

化，失去原状成为全新的东西。

Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheform

wherenecessary.

(1)Inordertotransformtheirenvironment,hedrewuptheproject.

(2)Carbondioxidecanbeconvertedintooxygenthroughtheagencyof

plant.

(3)Whydotheleavesontreeschangecolourinautumn?

(4)Healwaysattemptstoconvertotherstoaparticulardoctrineorbelief.

4.convert:v.tochangesomethingintoadifferentformofthing,orto

changesomethingsothatitcanbeusedforadifferentpurposeorina

differentway

e.g.Theyconvertedthesparebedroomintoanoffice.

Intheprocess,thelightenergyconvertstoheatenergy.

T:他成功地让我接受了他的观点。

Hesucceededinconvertingmetohispointofview.

5.subdue:vt.gaincontrolof,esp.bydefeating

e.g.Foracenturywelabouredtosettleandtosubduethecontinent.

T:警方设法制服了愤怒的人群。

Policemanagedtosubduetheangrycrowd.

NB:该词的过去分词subdued可作形容词，意为“柔和的，减弱的，

无精打采的”。例如：

Inthebar,thereissubduedlightandsoftmusic.

Richardseemsverysubduedtonight.

6.discipline:

(1)vt.trainordevelop,esp.inobedienceandself-control

e.g.Discipliningchildrentakespatienceandconsistency.

T:不同文化中对于孩子的训导方式是不一样的。

Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysofdiscipliningtheirchildren.

⑵n.

1)awayoftrainingsomeonesothattheylearntocontroltheirbehaviour

andobey

rules

e.g.Thebookgivesparentsadviceondiscipline.

2)anareaofknowledgeorteaching

e.g.Theinformationthathasevolvedinonedisciplinemaypermit

excitingadvancementinanother.

T:她对营销这门学科的实践知识和强烈的求知欲给我留下了深刻的

印象。

Iwasgreatlyimpressedbyherpracticalknowledgeofthedisciplineof

marketingandherstrongdesiretolearnmore.

Collocations:disciplineproblemZ己律问题；disciplineoneself自律；instill

disciplineintosb.灌输纪律观念

7.compel:vt.make(apersonorthing)dosth.,byforce,moralpersuasion,

orordersthatmustbeobeyed

e.g.Ourmindsaresoconstructedthattheycompelustoviewtheexternal

worldinonlyoneway.

T:法律要求雇主必须提供健康保险。

Thelawcompelsemployerstoprovidehealthinsurance.

CF:compel,force&oblige这些动词均含"迫使"之意。

compel指在法律、权力、力量或行动等的驱使下被迫而为。例如：

Aparentmaycompelhischildtodohislessonsbythreateningtosuspend

hisallowance.

T:家长可能会采用威胁暂停津贴的办法迫使其子女学习。

force指用个人意志、权力、权威或暴力等，迫使他人改变看法或做

本不愿做的事。例如：

Governmenttroopshaveforcedtherebelstosurrender.

T:政府军已经迫使叛乱者投降。

oblige指由于生理或道德上的需要，促使某人做某事，也指有权威的

人或机构迫使某人做某事，还可指在特定情况下被迫作出的反应。例

如：

Circumstanceshadobligedhimtosellthebusiness.

T:形势逼迫他卖掉公司。

8.transfer:

(1)v.movefromoneplace,job,position,etc.,toanother

e.g.MichaeltransferredfromCompany6totheSecurityService.

⑵n.

e.g.Mostofthebillsarepaidbyelectronictransfer.

T:权力的移交迅速而又和平地得以实现。

Thetransferofpowerwaseffectedswiftlyandpeacefully.

9.infearof:inastateoffearabout

e.g.Ordinarypeoplelivedinfearofbeingarrestedbythesecretpolice.

T:他们生活在不断的饥饿恐惧中。

Theyliveincontinualfearofstarvation.

10.attain:vt.tosucceedinachievingsomethingaftertryingforalong

time

e.g.Morewomenareattainingpositionsofpowerinpubliclife.

T:他们最后一定能获得解放。

They'resuretoattainemancipationintheend.

11.hostile:a.showingextremedislikeordisapproval;unfriendly

e.g.SenatorLydonwashostiletoourproposals.

T:工程进展得很慢，因为不少学者对普通人持敌对态度。

Theprojectproceededslowlybecausemanyscholarswerehostiletothe

commonpeople.

12.retreat:vi.movebackorleaveacenteroffightingorotheractivity,

esp.whenforcedtodoso

e.g.Perrylitthefuseandretreatedtoasafedistance.

T:从公众生活中隐退是不明智的。

Itwasnotasensiblechoicetoretreatfrompubliclife.

CF:retire,retreat&withdraw这些动词均含“退下，退却”之意。

retire指从公开或公共场合退下到私下场所，也指被免除职务或自动

辞职、退役等。例如：

Iretiredfromteachingthreeyearsago.

T:三年前我就不再教书了。

retreat含消极意味，多指被迫采取退下或退却的行动。

Theenemywasforcedtoretreat.

T:敌军被迫撤退了。

withdraw强调因某种原因而有意离开，常含礼貌、谦恭等理由。也指

军队的撤退。

Asthetroopswithdraw,theentirecitycelebratedtheliberation.

T:部队撤退时,整个城市欢庆解放。

13.concerned:a.affectedbysomethingorworriedaboutit;believing

somethingisimportant

e.g.Allthepeoplepresentareconcernedwithchildren'seducation.

T:很多政客更关注的是权力和控制而不是人民的利益。

Manypoliticiansaremoreconcernedwithpowerandcontrolthanwith

thegoodofthepeople.

Collocations:concernedwith关注，关心；与...相关；concerned

about/for担心，关爱；concernedtodosth.专注于做某

事；asfaras…isconcerned就...而言

14.ominous:a.makingyoufeelthatsomethingbadisgoingtohappen

e.g.Thecarismakinganominousrattlingsound.

T:不祥的黑云预示着雷暴的到来。

Theominousblackcloudspredictedthecomingthunderstorm.

15.acute:a.severe;verygreat

e.g.Thehousingshortageismoreacutethanfirstthought.

T:一颗蛀牙可以引起强烈的疼痛。

Abadtoothcancauseacutepain.

Collocations:acutedisease急性病；acuteanxiety急剧焦虑；acute

shortage严重短缺；acutesense敏锐的感觉；acutemind

机智的头脑

16.substance:n.amaterial;typeofmatter

e.g.Theleaveswerecoveredwithastrangestickysubstance.

T:大气中的有害物质威胁着人们的健康。

Harmfulsubstancesintheatmospherearethreateningpeople'shealth.

17.complex:

(1)a.consistingofmanydifferentpartsandoftendifficulttounderstand

e.g.Acomplexhighwaysystemistobeestablishedinordertoenhance

thenationaltransportation.

T:随着我们的工业和社会环境变得更加错综复杂，供电可靠性方面的

要求也与日俱增。

Thedemandsforreliabilityofpowersupplyincreasedailyasour

industrialandsocialenvironmentbecomesmorecomplex.

(2)n.agroupofbuildings,oralargebuildingwithmanyparts,usedfora

particularpurpose

e.g.Theyliveinathree-storyapartmentcomplex.

CF:complex,complicated,sophisticated&intricate这些形容词均含“复

杂的”意思。

complex强调内在关系的复杂，需通过仔细研究与了解才能掌握和运

用。

complicated与complex的含义接近，但语气更强，着重极其复杂，很

难分析、分辨或解释。

sophisticated强调事物达到高级的程度所体现出的复杂性。

intricate着重指错综复杂，令人迷惑不解。

Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheform

wherenecessary.

1)Peterseemedtohaveagoodunderstandingofthemost

complex/complicatedissues.

2)Joanshowsmethehighlysophisticatedcomputersoftware.

3)Mentalillnessisaverycomplicatedsubject.

4)Theplotofthenovelisintricateandfascinating.

5)Thehigherthelevelofcompetition,themoresophisticatedthetiming

systems.

18.distinguish:v.makessomeoneorsomethingdifferentorspecial

e.g.Thefactorthatdistinguishesthiscompanyfromthecompetitionis

customerservice.

Hisattorneyarguedthathecouldnotdistinguishbetweenrightand

wrong.

T:他们找到了一种方法将癌细胞从正常组织中区分开来。

Theyhavefoundamethodofdistinguishingcancercellsfromnormal

tissue.

19.synthetic:a.producedbysynthesizing;notnaturallyproduced;

artificial

e.g.Amongthesyntheticfibresusedinfurnishingfabricsarenylon,

polyesterandacrylic.

T:我们已经学会了从自然界提取原材料创造新的合成材料。

Wehavelearnedtoextractrawmaterialsfromnaturetocreatenew

syntheticmaterials.

20.glitter:vi.shinebrightlywithflashingpointsoflight

e.g.Theriverglitteredinthesunlight.

T:晨露在阳光下闪烁。

Themorningdewsglitterinthesun.

CF:flash,gleam&glitter这些动词都有“闪光,闪烁，闪亮”之意。

flash指突然发出随即消失的闪光，如闪电的光。例如：

Lightningflashedoverhead.

T:闪电在头顶闪光。

gleam指透过间隔物或映衬于较暗背景上的微弱光线。例如：

Daywasbythistimeapproaching,thewestwasdim,theeastbeginning

togleam.

T:这时，白昼逐渐到来，西面一片朦胧，东边开始熠熠发光。

glitter指连续发出的闪烁不定的光。例如：

Hisblueeyesglitteredwithanger.

T:他的蓝眼睛闪烁着愤怒的光芒。

21.cycle:

(1)n.anumberofrelatedeventshappeninginaregularlyrepeatedorder

e.g.Sometimestheonlywaytobreakthecycleofviolenceinthehomeis

forthewifetoleave.

(2)v.travelbybicycle;gothroughaseriesofrelatedeventsagainand

again

e.g.Hecyclestoworkeveryday.

T:水通过机器循环再利用。

Thewateriscycledthroughthemachineandreused.

Collocations:breakthecycle打破循环;cyclingtour骑车环游；cycle

lane/path/route自行车道;lifecycle生命周期

22.asyet:untilnow

e.g.Themeetingwillbeheldonanasyetundecideddate.

T:我们到现在还没有科林的消息。

We'vehadnowordfromColinasyet.

23.theme:n.themainsubjectorideainapieceofwriting,speech,film,

etc

e.g.Thebook'sthemeistheconflictbetweenloveandduty.

T:林奇的大部分画作是关于同一主题的不同变体。

MostofLynch'spictureswerevariationsonthesametheme.

CF:issue,theme&topic这些名词均有“主题、话题”之意。

issue指有争论、急需讨论研究的热点话题。

theme正式用词，多指文学、艺术作品的主题或论文、演说的主题。

topic普通用词，含义广泛，既可指文章、讲话的题目，谈话的内容,

又可指提纲中的标题甚至段落的主题或中心思想。

Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheform

wherenecessary.

(1)Capitalpunishmentisahighlycontroversialissue.

(2)TheirstoryechoesthecentralthemeinPart1ofthisbookPrinciples.

(3)Globalwarmingandyouthcrimearethekeyissuesintheelection

campaign.

(4)Theweddinghasbeentheonlytopicofconversationforweeks.

24.threaten:beadangerorthreatto;seemlikely(toharm,spoil,ruin,

etc.)

e.g.Hethreatenedtotakethemtocourt.

T:这一事件将有损他的声誉。

Theincidentthreatenstoruinhisreputation.

25.apt:a.

1)exactlysuitable

e.g.”Loveatfirstsight“isaveryaptdescriptionofhowhefeltwhenhe

sawher.

T:惩罚应当与罪行相适应。

Thepunishmentshouldbeaptforthecrime.

2)havinganaturaltendencytodosomething

e.g.SomeofthestaffareapttoarrivelateonMondays.

新世纪大学英语第四册第三单元语言点解析

漳州师范学院大学英语教学部加入时间：

2011-4-1817:46:55浏览数：91

字体：大中小背景：纯白浅绿浅黄浅红浅兰

LanguagePointsforUnit3

1.lookinto:examinethemeaningorcausesof;investigate

T:委员会收到了投诉，正在调查。

Thecommitteehavereceivedthecomplaint,andthey'relookingintoit.

e.g.Thepolicelookedintohisbusinessdealingsandfoundsomething

suspicious.

2.inaway:tosomeextent

e.g.Ilikethenewstyle,inaway.

e.g.Inawaywealltendtorememberthegoodtimesandforgetthebad.

MatchtheEnglishexpressionwithitscorrespondingChinesetranslation.

bywayof通过，经由

ononesway在来、去或旅行的过程中

gooutoftheway不怕麻烦地

intheway挡道地

outoftheway不挡道

3.interface:n.

1).asurfaceformingacommonboundarybetweenadjacentregions,

bodies,substances,orphases

T:人机界面

theman-machineinterface

2).apointatwhichindependentsystemsordiversegroupsinteract

e.g.JackKrollsaid:"Muchoftherealityistobefoundintheinterface

betweencrimeandpolitics/5

theinterfacebetweentechnologyanddesign

NBinterface常与between连用。

4.consume:vt.

1).useup(time,money,goods,etc.)

e.g.Arguingaboutdetailsconsumedmanyhoursofthecommittee's

valuabletime.

2).destroy

e.g.Thefirequicklyconsumedthewoodenhut.

3).[oftenpass.]absorb,engross

e.g.Shewasconsumedwithguilt.

NB:该词的名词形式为consumptiono

5.remain:v.

1).continuetobe(inaunchangedstate)

e.g.Heremainedaprisonerfortherestofhislife.

2).stayorbeleftbehindafterothershavegone,beenlost,etc.

e.g.Theonlyremainingquestioniswhetherornotwecanraisethe

money.

CF:continue,last&remain

这三个词都是动词，都有“继续存在、经受住”之意。

continue为中性词，且不带任何感情色彩，指从开始到结束之间的任

何延伸过程。例如：

ShallIcontinueorstophere?

我是继续(讲)下去，还是就此打住？

last即“持续、经受住”之意，特指某事物继续存在或者最为普遍意

义上的时间持续。例如：

Sheisfondofperfumewiththescentthatlastsalongtime.

她喜欢芳香味长留不散的香水。

remain指人或物移去、分离或毁坏后仍留在原地。例如：

Littleofthebuildingremainedaftertheexplosion.

爆炸后，该建筑物所剩无儿

6.quest:n.

1).alongsearch

T:thequestforknowledge

寻求知识

e.g.thecontinuingquestforacureforthedisease

2).anattempttofindsomething

e.g.Theytraveledinquestofgold.

Shehadcomeinquestofadvice.

7.likewise:ad.

1).inthesameway,similarly

e.g.Thestockbrokerboughtsharesinthecompanyandadvisedhisclients

todolikewise.

2).also

e.g.Youmustpackplentyoffood.Likewise,you'llneedwarmclothes,so

packthemtoo.

CF:likewise,besides&furthermore

这三个词都是副词，都有“也、而且”之意。

likewise较正式，它所表示的“也”具有比较明确的含义。

besides所指的“而且”起到加强前述内容的作用。

furthermore最正式，多用于在一系列的同等成分的句子中，而且前面

可以用besideso

Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheform

wherenecessary.

(1).Thehouseistoosmall,and,it'stoofarfromthecity,

(furthermore)

(2).Watchhimanddo.(likewise).

(3).Forthisjobyouneedalotofpatience;youneedasenseof

humor,(likewise)

(4).Idon'tlikethoseshoes;,itisbeginningtorain,(besides)

(5).Theycannotdoit,and,nooneelseappearstowanttodo

iteither,(furthermore)

(6),It'stoolatetogoforawalknow;,itisbeginningto

rain.(besides)

8.luck:

1).vi.gainsuccessorsomethingdesirablebychance

T:luckoutinfindingthatrarebook

凭运气发现那本珍贵的书

2).n.

1)thechancehappeningoffortunateoradverseevents;fortune

e.g.HereachedthefoodbeforeIdid,worseluck!

2)successorsomethinggoodthathappensasaresultofchance,good

fortune

e.g.Shewon$500inthelottery;somepeoplehavealltheluck.

Collocations:

tryone'sluck碰碰运气

abitofluck走运

inluck运气好

outofluck运气不好

9.sheer:a.

1).pure;unmixedwithanythingelse;nothingbut

e.g.Thesheersizeofthecountrycausestremendouscommunications

problems.

2).verysteep;straightupanddown

e.g.asheercliff

10.closeoff:separate(somethingorsomepeople)fromtheareaaroundit

sothatpeoplecannotgothereoruseit

e.g.Whywastheareaclosedofftoalltraffic?

T:《封锁我一生》

CloseoffMyLife

11.openup:makepossiblethedevelopmentof

e.g.TheOctoberRevolutionopenedupanewepochinworldhistory.

Theyhavealreadymadeplanstoopenupthemine.

12.paralyze:vt.

1).affectwithparalysis;causetobeparalytic

e.g.Aftertheaccidentshewasparalyzedfromthewaistdown.

2).makeunabletomoveoract

e.g.Hestoodparalyzedbyfear.

3).makeineffective;causetostopworking

T:阻碍经济活动的严格的规章制度

strictregulationsthatparalyzeeconomicactivity

e.g.Theelectricityfailureparalyzedthetrainservice.

13.qualify:v.

1).reachanecessarystandard,e.g.ofknowledge,ability,orperformance,

orgetaqualification

e.g.Herteachingexperiencequalifiesheradmirablyforthejob.

T:资格赛

aqualifyingmatch

2).limittheforceormeaningof(somethingstated);modify

e.g.In“theopendoor"，"open"isanadjectivequalifying“door”.

CF:enable,authorize&qualify

这三个词都是动词，都有“使某人能够做某事”之意。

enable表示提供手段、机会使某人能够做某事，或准许、授权某人做

某事。

authorize表示得到官方许可、批准。

qualify表示使某人具有某种资格，或使合格。

Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheform

wherenecessary.

(1).Thegovernmentthepublicationofthisbook,(authorized)

(2).Imustmyselfforthepost,(qualify)

(3).Aneagle'slargewingsittoflyveryfast,(enable)

(4).Thefallinthevalueofcurrencywillustoexportmore

goods,(enable)

(5).Awalkalongthesideofthelakeforawhilehardlyas

exercise,(qualifies)

(6).Fvebeenbythecourttorepossessthisproperty,

(authorized)

14.column:n.

1).tallpillar,usu.roundandmadeofstone,eithersupportingpartofthe

roofofabuildingorstandingaloneasamonument

e.g.Thetempleissupportedbymassivecolumns.

T:此庙由粗大的柱子支撑。

agracefulIoniccolumn

2).somethingresemblinganarchitecturalpillarinformorfunction

e.g.acolumnofmercuryinathermometer

3).oneoftwoormoreverticalsectionsofprintedmaterialonapage

e.g.Eachpageofthisdictionaryhastwocolumnsoftext.

4).partofanewspaperregularlydealingwithaparticularsubjector

writtenbythesamejournalist

e.g.thecorrespondencecolumnsof“TheTimes^^

Collocations:

writeacolumn撰写专栏

advertisingcolumns广告栏

correspondencecolumns读者信息栏

asportscolumn体育栏

apersonalcolumn个人广告栏

15.hopeless:a.givingnocauseforhope

e.g.MostofthestudentsaremakinggoodprogressbutJeremyseemsa

hopelesscase.

It'shopelesstryingtoconvinceher.

16.inevitably:ad.inawaythatcannotbeavoidedorpreventedfrom

happening

inevitable:a.

1).thatcannotbeavoided;thatissuretohappen

T:不可避免的灾难

aninevitabledisaster

e.g.Itseemsinevitablethatthey'lllose.

2).sofrequentlyseen,heard,etc.thatitisfamiliarandexpected

e.g.atouristwithhisinevitablecamera

CF:inevitable,unavoidable&doomed

这三个词都是形容词，都有“不可避免的、注定的”意思。

inevitable指不能被躲避、逃避，表示事情必然发生。例如：

Anargumentisinevitablebecausetheydislikedeachothersomuch.

争论是不可避免的，因为他们如此讨厌对方.

unavoidable指即使采取谨慎的行动也无法逃脱将要发生的事情，如破

产、结婚等时以说是unavoidable,而死亡或命运则是inevitableo例

如：

Noiseisunavoidablewhenyoulearntobeatadrum.

学习打鼓，噪音是不可避免的。

doomed概指贬义，多指悲惨的和不可抵抗的命运，即使后面不接其

他成分也是如此。例如：

TheyinformedthePrimeMinisterthathisgovernmentwasdoomed.

他们告诉首相，他的政府注定要垮台。

17.rigidity:n.

1).thequalityorstateofbeingrigid

T:Therigidityofthemetalcausedittocrack.

这金属因刚度强而产生裂纹。

2).aninstanceofbeingrigid

e.g.Hedeploredtherigidityofherviews.

rigid:a.

1).stiff;notbendingoryielding

e.g.arigidsupportforthetent

e.g.Herfacewasrigidwithterror.

2).strict;firm;unchanging

e.g.therigiddisciplineofarmylife

T:厉行节约

practicerigideconomy

18.stiff:a.

1).noteasilybent,folded,moved,changedinshape,etc

e.g.asheetofstiffcardboard

e.g.Shoesareoftenstiffwhentheyarenew.

2).fullofdetermination

e.g.Thearmyencounteredstiffresistancefromrebelsinthehills.

3).hardtodo;difficult

e.g.Theygavemeaverystiffassignment.

T:astiffclimb吃力的攀登

CF:inflexible,rigid&stiff

这三个词都是形容词，都有“坚定的、稳定的”意思。

强调缺乏柔韧性，更侧重于无伸缩性，不可改变等意思。

inflexible用来描写坚硬的、根本不能弯曲的，而弯曲后即折断的东西。

rigid是个常用词，可以泛指一切不易被弯曲的东西，主要指质地坚硬,

stiff很难弄弯变其形状。

Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheform

wherenecessary.

(1).Hehascourage,(inflexible)

(2).Hismoustachewasasasatoothbrush.(stiff)

(3).Thebodiesofanimalsbecameafterdeath,(rigid)

(4).Neitherthreatsnorpromisescouldchangehisdetermination,

(inflexible)

(5).Hislegsfeltfromhavingsatforsolong,(stiff)

(6).Thatisatentsupportedonaframework,(rigid)

Collocations:

frozenstiff冻僵的

scaredstiff吓得不能动弹的

gostiff变得僵硬

19.unbending:a.

1）.notyielding;inflexible

e.g.anunbendingwilltodominate

2）.aloofandoftenantisocial;extremelyreserved

e.g.anunbendingattitude

T:冷漠的态度

asternunbendingman

20.yielding:a.likelytoagreewithothersoraccepttheirwishes

e.g.Youshouldn'tbeyieldingallthetime.

e.g.outwardlyyieldingbutinwardlyfirm

21.humility:n.humbleattitudeofmind;modesty

e.g.Isaythisinallhumility,i.e.,withoutwishingtoappearboastful.

T:很谦逊的人

apersonofgreathumility

Collocations:

demonstrate/displayhumility显示谦恭

in/withhumility谦恭地

信息来源（出处）：大学英语第二教研室

漳州师范学院大学英语教学部

漳州师范学院大学英语教学部（2006-20⑵©版权所有地址:漳州

师范学院综合楼中区706

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新世纪大学英语第四册第五单元语言点解析

漳州师范学院大学英语教学部加入时间：

2011-4-1817:46:55浏览数：165

字体：大中小背景：纯白浅绿浅黄浅红浅兰

LanguagePointsforUnit5

1.publicity:n.publicnoticeorattention

e.g.Wehaveplannedanexcitingpublicitycampaignwithour

advertisers.

T:她的新剧作获得广泛宣传。

(=Hernewplayhasattractedalotofpublicity.)

Collocations:

gain/get/receivepublicity取得名气；引人注目

seekpublicity追求名气

avoidpublicity避免引人注目

extensive/widepublicity广为宣传

2.accompany:vt.gowithsomeoneortobeprovidedorexistatthesame

timeassomething

e.g.Warshipswillaccompanytheconvoy.

Hewasaccompaniedontheexpeditionbyhiswife.

3.adverse:a.havinganegativeorharmfuleffectonsomething

e.g.Sofarthedrugisthoughtnottohaveanyadverseeffects.

T:他的健康因气候影响而严重受损.

(=Hishealthwasadverselyaffectedbytheclimate.)

CF:adverse,opposite&contrary

这些形容词均含“相反的，对立的”意思。

adverse通常指违害利益的、不友好的等，侧重分歧。

opposite指位置、方向、行动或想法等完全相反。

contrary一般指与某种主张、看法或行为等正好相反，隐含否定一

方异示意味着肯定身一方而意味。

(Directions:)Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheform

wherenecessary.

(1)topopularopinion,Idon'tdyemyhair!(contrary)

(2)Theyreceivedalotofpublicity/criticismaboutthechanges,

(adverse)

(3)Hispoliticalpositionistoours,(opposite)

(4)She'sturnedouttobetheexactofwhateveryoneexpected,

(opposite)

(5)Thematchhasbeencancelledduetoweatherconditions,

(adverse)

(6)Myfatherisaverycalmperson,butmymotherisjustthe.

(opposite)

(7)toallourexpectations,he'sfoundawell-paidjobandanice

girlfriend.(Contrary)

4.chase:v.followrapidlyinordertocatch

e.g.Thepolicecarwasgoingsofast,itmusthavebeenchasing

someone.

Shewaschasing(after)amanwhohadsnatchedherbag.

T:他追赶窃贼却未捉住。

(=Hechased(after)theburglarbutcouldn'tcatchhim.)

Patterns:

chaseafterfame追求名望

chaseoutof把...赶出

5.ironic:a.usingorexpressingirony;fullofirony

e.g.Itisironicthatalthoughmanyitemsarenowcheapertomake,

fewerpeoplecanaffordtobuythem.

T:发生这样的事情颇有讽刺意味。

(=Thisisaveryironic(al)thingtohappen.)

NB:

ironic是irony的形容词形式，也可写为ironical,其副词形式为

ironically,意为“说反话地，讽刺地”。

6.style:n.awayofdoingsomething,especiallyonewhichistypicalofa

person,groupofpeople,placeorperiod

e.g.Hisofficeisveryspecialinstyle,withnodecoration.

T:典型的英国生活方式

(=atypicallyBritishstyleofliving)

Patterns:

thelateststyle最新款式

instyle华丽地，时髦地

lackstyle缺乏风度

7.portrait:n.apainting,photograph,drawing,etc.ofaper