新目标英语七年级下期末综合练习1-22

综合练习一

I.根据音标写单词。12%

//________//________/'/

//________/'/________/I/

//________//

/'/________/w/________/jes/________

11.判断每组单词画线部分发音是否相同。8%

1.()listen,unit2.()eraser,act3.()sorry,

brother

4.()late,case5.()phone,sofa6.()please,

pencil

7.()hat,desk8.()book,Ben

ni.英汉翻译。12%

yellow________draw________learn________

ballmilkeraser

椅子________唱________写________

拼写________白色的________橙色的

IV.写出缩略式。6%

nameis________whois________donot

Iam________isnot________youare

V.选择题。2%

()1.---Let'slearnEnglish.一______________.

A.That'sallrightB.AllrightC.Right

()2.Thisis________"s"andthat's_________"k".

A.a,aB.a,anC.an,a

VI.连词成句。8%

1.name,your,is,English,what

_____________________________________________________?

2.case,my,pencil,it's

3.the,who's,in,photo,that

?

4.Chinese,"flag"，the,what's,for

?

vn.填空。io%

A:that?

B:It,sKay,myfriend.,Kay.

C:Morning.

B:ThisisAmy,Kay.

A:Nicetoyou,Kay.

C:Nicetomeetyou,.Sit,please.

A/B:.

C:That'sall.

VHL根据答句写问句。6%

1.A:?2.

A:?

B:It'sachair.B:It'sblack.

3.A:?

B:Myname'sDale.

IX,仿照例句写句子。6%

例：Thisisacap.ItfsGreen.---ThiscapisGreen.

1.That'sanapple.Itfsred.

2.Thisisadesk.It*syellow.

3.Thisismyeraser.It'swhite.

X.翻译句子。24%

l.Amy是我的好朋友。___________________________________________________

2.我的铅笔盒又大又漂亮。_____________________________________________

3.我喜欢英语。________________________________________________________

4.这是我的母亲Hellene___________________________________________

5.不用谢。____________________________________________________________

6.你的帽子是什么颜色的？_____________________________________________

7.这是什么字母？______________________________________________________

8.这个用英语怎么讲？_________________________________________________

XI.用六句话介绍你自己。6%

综合练习一

I.clock,phone,friend,thank,letter,like

name,down,please,pencil,watch,yes

II.1-4JXXV5-8VXXV

HL黄色的；画；学习，学

球；牛奶；橡皮擦

chair;sing;write

spell;white;orange

IV.name's,who's,don't

I'm,isn't,you're

V.1.B2.C

VI.1.WhatisyourEnglishname?

2.It'smypencilcase.

3.Who'sthatinthephoto?

4.What'stheChinesefor“flag”?

VILWho's,good,Good,morning,meet,too,down,Thank,you,right

VIII.1.What'sthis?2.Whatcolorisit?3.What?syourname?

IX.1.Thatappleisred.

2.Thisdeskisyellow.

3.Thiseraseriswhite.

X.1.Amyismybestfriend.

2.Mypencilcaseisbigandnice.

3.1likeEnglish.

4.Thisismymother,Helen.

5.Thafsallright.

6.Whatcolorisyourhat?

7.Whatletteristhis?

8.WhafsthisinEnglish?

XI.MynameisDavid,Iam15.I'mfromEngland.Iamastudent.1aminChinanow.

综合练习二

I.选用恰当的代词填空。

1.havearuler.Butrulerisshort.Canyougivea

longruler?

(I,me,my)

2.areagoodboy.What'sname?(you,your)

3.isateacher.nameisWangLi.(she,her)

4.DavidisanAmericanboy.istwelve.Englishisnot

good.

Pleasehelp.(he,him,his)

5.Thisisschool.studyEnglishhere.Doyouwanttojoin

?(we,us,our)

6.Lookat!arefromEngland.namesareLucy

and

Lily,(they,them,their)

7.haveagoodfriend.nameisTom.parents

workin

China.areteachers.Look,thisisphoto.Howhappy

are!

8.Thankfbrhelping,Dale.Icando

homeworknow.Letgotoamovie.thinkisa

funnymovie.

H.选择。

)1.Thisiscomputer.That'scomputer.

A.I,heB.he,IC.his,myD.him,my

()2.________gototheparkeverySunday.

A.TomandyouB.TomandIC.IandyouD.

Tom,Iandyou

()3.havenotime.Letgo.

A.Us,weB.We,usC.We,ourD.Our,we

()4.CanyouhelpwithEnglish?

A.he,hisB.his,hisC.him,hisD.him,him

in.翻译。

i.他的问题_________________2.你们的尺子_

3.我的手表—4.她的双肩背包_

5.她的电话号码是什么？_________________________________________________

6.他们是中国人。他们的英文名字叫Tom和Davido

IV.用动词be(am,is,are)填空。

1.Sheateacher.HernameMary.

2.1aboy.MynameLiMing.

3.Whothisgirl?SheLiMei.

4.Howoldyou?Ieleven.

5.Whatthis?Itabird.ItsnamePolly.

6.Davidastudent.Hissisterastudent,too.

7.Thesebooksblue.TheyEnglishbooks.

8.LiLeiatschooltoday.Hedrawingapicturenow.

9.AmyandKayhere.Theynotathome.

10.youteachers?No,wenot.Westudents.

11.Myfavoritecolorblue.

12.Tom*sbrothernotintheroom.

V.将下列各句改成一般疑问句并且给出简短的肯定和否定回答。

1.Thisismypencil.

2.HisnameisDavid.

3.TheyarefromEngland.

4.Tom'sfatherisadoctor.

5.Thedesksareveryheavy.

6.Maryisdoingherhomeworknow.

VI.汉译英。

1.你怎么拼写watch?__________________________________________

2.请打电话555给Mary»_______________________________________

3.这是你的卷笔刀吗？______________________________________________

4.用英语5.一■串钥匙6.回答

7.家庭8.最后的9.第一

综合练习二

I.1.1,my,me

2.You,your

3.She,Her

4.He,His,him

5.our,We,us

6.them,They,Their

7.1,His,His,They,their,they

8.you,me,my,us,I,it

II.1.C2.B3.B4.C

III.1.hisquestion2.yourrulers

3.mywatch4.herbackpack

5.What'sherphonenumber?

6.TheyareChinese.TheirnamesareTomandDavid.

IV.1.is,is2.am,is3.is,is

4.are,am5.is,is,is6.is,is

7.are,are8.is,is9.are,are

10.Are,are,are11.is12.is

V.1.Isthisyourpencil?

Yes,itis.No,itisn't.

2.IshisnameDavid?

Yes,itis.No,itisn't.

3.AretheyfromEngland?

Yes,theyare.No,theyaren't.

4.IsTom'sfatheradoctor?

Yes,heis.No,heisn't.

5.Arethedesksveryheavy?

Yes,theyare.No,theyaren't.

6.IsMarydoingherhomeworknow?

Yes,sheis.No,sheisn't.

VI.1.Howdoyouspellwatch?

2.PleasecallMaryat555.

3.Isthisyourpencilsharpener?

4.inEnglish5.asetofkeys6.answer

7.family8.last9.first

综合练习三

I.写出下列名词的复数形式。

1.desk______―2.eraser_________3.friend______—4.boy

5.box________6.class_________7.watch________8.wish

9.leaf________10.family________11.wife__________12.dictionary

13.man_____14.woman_______15.child______16.foot

II.句式转换。

1.That'smysister.（改为复数形式）aremy.

2.Thisisanegg.（改为复数形式）eggs.

3.Thosearehercousins.（改为单数形式）her

4.Thesearehisbrothers.（改为单数形式）his

5.Hisbrotherisaworker.（改为一般疑问句）brothera

worker?

6.Theseareyourbrothers.（改为否定句）yourbrothers.

7.Sheismyaunt.（改为一般疑问句）sheaunt?

8.Hiskeysareonthesofa.（改为一般疑问句并作简短肯定、否定回答）

keysonthesofa?Yes,.,they

9.Herbackpackisonthebed.（画线提问）herbackpack?

10.Thebaseballsareunderthesofa.（画线提问）

III.连词成句。

1.great,for,of,your,thanks,the,family,photo

2.them,much,I,very,love

3.game,is,where,computer,my

4.these,please,to,things,brother,your,take

5.things,to,some,you,can,bring,school

6.walls,are,there,the,on,pictures

IV.翻译。

1.闹钟在哪里？在书橱上。

Whereclock?onbookcase.

2.我需要一些钢笔。I.

3.在他的课桌上有一台电脑。Therehis

desk.

4.他的背包在哪里？对不起，我不知道。

Where?,I.

5.我的帽子早门后吗？不，不在。

myhatthedoor?No,.

V.用have或has填空。

1.He________anewfriend.2.We________somephotos.

3.Jim________lunchat12:00.4.Doesshe________anice

volleyball?

5.Tom'sfather________anewcar.6.Theydon't________manyrulers.

VI.翻译。

1.她有一粒篮球o_______________________________________________________

2.我们有•一些漂亮的图片。__________________________________________

3.我没有足球。____________________________________________________

4.他们有一•台电脑吗？不，没有.____________________________________

5.你有一个网球拍吗？是的，我有。__________________________________

VII.将下列各句改成否定句和一般疑问句。

1.TheirteachersispromEngland.2.Shehasanicevolleyball.

3.LucyandLilyareAmerican.4.Theyhavedinnerat5:30everyday.

5.Kateisplayingwithacat.6.Wehaveasmallsportscollection.

VIII.填空。

A:playsoccer,LiLei.

B:It's.ButIasoccerball.

A:Oh,that'sapity（真遗憾）.youabasketball?

B:Yes,.

A:Isyourinroom?

B:No,.

A:it?

B:It'smybedroom.

A:,let'splaybasketball.

B:good.

综合练习三

I.1.desks2.erasers3.friends4.boys

5.boxes6.classes7.watches8.wishes

9.leaves10.families11.wives12.dictionaries

13.men14.women15.children16.feet

II.1.Those,sisters2.These,are

3.That,is,cousin4.This,is,brother

5.Is,his6.Thesearen't

7.Is,your8.Are,his,they,are,No,aren't

9.Whereis10.Wherearethebaseballs?

III.1.Thanksforthegreatphotoofyourfamily.

2.1lovethemverymuch.

3.Whereismycomputergame?

4.Pleasetakethesethingstoyourbrother.

5.Canyoubringsomethingstoschool?

6.Therearepicturesonthewalls.

IV.1.is,the,It's,the

2.need,some,pens

3.is,a,computer,on

4.herbackpack,Sorry,don'tknow

5.Is,behind,it,isn't

V.1.has2.have3.has4.have5.has6.have

VI.1.Shehasabasketball.

2.Wehavesomenicepictures.

3.1don'thaveasoccerball.

4.Dotheyhaveacomputer?No,theydon't.

5.Doyouhaveatennisracket?Yes,Ido.

VII.1.Theirteacherisn'tfromEngland.

IstheirteacherfromEngland?

2.Shedoesn'thaveanicevolleyball.

Doesshehaveanicevolleyball?

3.LucyandLilyaren'tAmericans.

AreLucyandLilyAmericans?

4.Theydon'thavedinnerat5:30everyday.

Dotheyhavedinnerat5:30everyday?

5.Kateisn'tplayingwithacat.

IsKateplayingwithacat?

6.Wedon'thaveasmallsportscollection.

Doyouhaveasmallsportscollection?

VIILLet's,great,don't,have,Do,have,I,do

Basketball,the,it,isn't,Where's,in,OK,

That,sounds

综合练习四

I.将下列句子改成否定句和一般疑问句。

1.Maryishavingsuppernow.2.Davidhasmanygoodfriends.

3.LucyandKateareinthebedroom,4.Sally'sparentshaveabig

house.

5.Theboyisveryhappytoday.6.Theyliketheparkverymuch.

7.Theyworkveryhardonweekdays.8.Jimcleanshisroomeveryday.

H.将下列句子改为复数。

1.Thispencilislongangblack.2.Hehasaredsweater.

3.Thebananaisyellow.4.Hisstudentishavingdinner

now.

ni.翻译。

i.做运动2.在电视上3.每天

4.踢足球5.打篮球6.听起来不错!

IV.句型转换。

1.1havemanyfriendshere.（同义句）Ihavefriendshere.

2.Theylikebaseball.（画线提问）theylike?

3.DavidlikesChinesebooks?（画线提问）David?

V.连词成句。

1.are,much,T-shirts,white,how,these

?

2.sweater,black,you,my,like,do

9

3.likes,blue,she,shorts,his

4.seven,this,backpack,green,dollars,is

5.red,have,a,bag,don't,they

6.color,like,do,what,you

?

VL翻译。

1.大量，许多2.健康食物3.别客气!

4.我要买下它。5.给你。6.到达

7.看一看8.所有颜色的袜子

VII.句型转换。

l.Isthishishat?（作肯定回答）_____________________________________________

2.Thosepantsareninedollars.（画线提问）

3.Wehaveblackandbluesweaters.（同义句）

Wehavesweaters.

4.Weneedvegetableseveryday.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定、否定回答）

youvegetableseveryday?

Yes,・,we.

VIII.运用have（has）或There+is/are+名词（某人或物）+地点/时间.翻译句子。

1.她有一个大背包。2.课桌上有本书。

3.Mary有一些红色的衬衫。4.墙上有两幅回。

5.我在学校里有许多朋友。6.一个星期有七天。

IX.完成对话。X.写作。

A:CanI________you?写写你的朋友，包括他/她的名

字、

B:Yes,please.I________apen.年龄、喜欢的食物、喜欢的运动和衣

服

空空

A:How________thisblackone?-vj-o

B:Itisnice,butIdon't________black.MyGoodFriend

A:What________doyoulike?

B:Ilikered.Doyouredpens?

A:Yes.Wehavepensallcolors.

B:Letmehavea

Thisoneisgood.Howisit?

A:Fiveyuanandtwentyfen.

B:OK.mit.Hereisthemoney.

A:Thanks.

综合练习四

I.1.Maryisn'thavingsuppernow.

IsMaryhavingsuppernow?

2.Daviddoesn'thavemanyfriends.

DoesDavidhavemanyfriends?

3.LucyandKatearen'tinthebedroom.

AreLucyAndKateinthebedroom?

4.Sally'sparentsdon'thaveabighouse.

DoSally'sparentshaveabighouse?

5.Theboyisn'tveryhappytoday.

Istheboyveryhappytoday?

6.Theydon'tliketheparkverymuch.

Dotheyliketheparkverymuch?

7.Theydon'tworkveryhardinweekdays.

Dotheyworkveryhardinweekdays?

8.Jimdoesn'tcleanhisroomeveryday.

DoesJimcleanhisroomeveryday?

II.1.Therepencilsarelongandblack.

2.Theyhaveredsweaters.

3.Thebananasareyellow.

4.Theirstudentsarehavingdinnernow.

III.1.playsports2.onTV3.everyday

4.playsoccer5.playbasketball6.Thatsoundsgood!

IV.l.lotsof2.Whatdo3.What,does,like

V.1.HowmucharethesewhiteT-shirts?

2.Doyoulikemyblacksweater?

3.Shelikeshisblueshorts.

4.Thisgreenbackpackissevendollars.

5.Theydon'thavesredbag.

6.Whatcolordoyoulike?

VI.l.alotof2.healthyfood3.You'rewelcome!

4.Tiltakeit.5.Hereyouare.6.comedownto

7.havealookat8.socksinallcolors

VII.1.Yes,itis.2.Howmucharethosepants?

3.inblackandblue4.Do,need,I,do,No,don't

VIII.1.Shehasabigbackpack.

2.Thereisabookonthedesk.

3.Maryhassomeredshirts.

4.Therearetwopicturesonthewall.

5.1havemanyfriendsatschool.

6.Therearesevendaysinaweek.

IX.help,need,much,like,color,have,in,look,much,take

略

综合练习五

选择一个最佳答案：

()l.A:Goodmorning,MrZhang.

B:MrWang.

A.Morning.B.Hi!C.Nicetomeetyou!D.Hello!

()2.A:Howareyou?

B:____

A.Morning!B.Hello!C.IamPeter.D.Fine,thank

you.

)3.A:Lindaisa____.Davidisa

A.girl,boyB.boy,girlC.girl,girlD.boy,boy

)4.A:Hello!MynameisMarry.

B:Hi!Marry.Jim.

A.MynameB.I'mC.IareD.Hello

)5.nameisTony.nameisGrace.nameisBen.

A.Her,My,HisB.My,His,HerC.His,Her,MyD.His,His,

My

)6.A:What'syourname?

B:MynameisKevinSmith.Somyfirstnameis___.Mylastnameis

A.Kevin,SmithB.Smith,KevinC.KevinSmith,/D./,Kevin

Smith

)7.A:HernameisChenJiayu.Soherfamilynameis___.Herlastnameis

A.Chen,JiayuB.Jiayu,ChenC.Chen,yuD.ChenJiayu,/

)8.A:What'stelephonenumber?

B:____phonenumberis381-7916.

A.you,MyB.your,MyC.your,ID.your,It

()9.:____myanswer.

A.IfsB.Itsc.rtsD.it*s

()10.Howtosaythenumber"7810"inEnglish.

A.eightsevenonezeroB.seveneight

ten

C.seveneightonezeroD.seveneight

sixone

()11.Look!____hisruler.

A.This'sB.thisisC.ThisisD.Its

()12.A:Isthatapencil?B:______.

A.Yes,itisB.Yes,it'sC.Yes,thatisD.No,itis.

()13.Thatisn't_____ring.Its____eraser.

A.an,anB.a,aC.an,aD.a,an

()14.What'syourname?_____isGaoHui.

A.MyB.ThisisC.MynameD.I

()15.A:Isitherwatch?B:________.

A:No,it'snotmywatchB.Yes,it*sawatch

C.No,it'snotherwatchD.Yes,it'smywatch

()16.Isthisyourbaseball?B:Yes,itis.________.

A.SorryB.ThankyouC.OKD.No,itisn't

()17.Isithisnotebook?--------------------.

A.Itishisnotebook.B.Itisn'thisnotebook.

C.Yes,itisn't.D.No,itisn't.

()18.WhafsthisinEnglish?----_______.

A.It'smyringB.Yes,it'saringC.It'saringD.Thatisaring

()19.Howdoyouspellkey?----------------.

A.No,it'snotakeyB.K-E-Y.

C.It'smykeyD.Yes.K-E-Y.

()20.That_____herbackpack.

A.notisB.isnotC.noisD.isno

()21.Look!_____Jimmy'scat.

A.This'sB.thisisC.ThisisD.Its

()22.Issheateacher?——Yes,_____.

A.She'sB.sheisC.she'steacherD.sheisa

English

()23.What'shername?________.

A.HisnameisKateB.HernameisKate

C.She*snameisAnnD.ItsKate

()24.Isthisyourmother?_______.

A.No,itisn't.It*sDaveB.Yes,theyare

C.No,theyarenot.D.No,thesearen't

()25.ArethesefriendsJapanese?__

A.Yes,theseareB.No,theyaren'tC.Yes,theyaren'tD.No,these

aren't

综合练习五

1-5ADABC6-10AABAC

11-15CADCC16-20BDCBB

21-25CBBAB

综合练习六

L用适当的代词填空。

1.DavidisAmerican.isagoodstudent.

2.Marywantstodohomeworkwithclassmates.

3.Tom'suncledoesworkverywell.isgreat.

4.Thestudentsaretired.wanttohavearest.

n.将下列句子改成否定句、一般疑问句并作肯定、否定回答。

1.Lucy'sfriendsplayvolleyball.2.Tomishavinghissupper.

3.Myuncleisgoodatdrawing.4.TheirfathergoestoBeijing.

5.Katelikestomatoesverymuch.6.Davidhasthreenicebackpacks.

IIL用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.There(be)twopicturesonthewall.

2.Hisclassmate(work)veryhardonEnglish.

3.Doestheman(want)tocleanhiscar?

4.Hedoesn't(like)applesverymuch.

5.Mysister(go)toShanghai.6.Hissons(do)thework

well.

IV.按要求写单词。

1.he______（宾格）2.tomato_—_（复数）3.child—______(复

数)

4.do______（三单）5.like―（三单）6.family_____(复

数)

7.them_______（主格）8.she___一（物主代词）9.we____一（物主代

词）

V.翻译下列句子。

1.桌上有许多苹果。2.你喜欢足球吗？

3.她每天都做运动。_____________________

4.这些袜子多少钱？5.给你。

6.我有一个好朋友。他的叔叔是一个教师。

7.你能相信它吗？8.你想要什么颜色的？

9.她喜欢鸡蛋、香蕉和苹果做早餐。10.这些是我的朋友。

11.这个男孩是你的弟弟吗？12.这是吉姆的一张家庭照。

13.我的背包在椅子下。14.那些书在哪里？

15.让我们吃冰淇淋吧！16.他们不喜欢西红柿。

VI.连词成句。

1.your,number,what's,phone2.do,spell,pencil,how,you

?

_______________________________?

3.is,the,blue,much,T-shirt,how4.are,six,there,in,family,people,my

VIL填空。

A:canIdoforyou?

B:Iabagofsports.

A:Wehavebagsallcolors.Theyareonnow.

B:Oh,that'sgreat.

A:doyouwant?

B:Green.

A:Lethavealook.Whatthisone?

B:It'stoobig.Doyouhaveaone?

A:Yes.Howaboutthisgreenone?

B:Itisverynice.Tilit.isit?

A:Twentydollars.

B:isthemoney.

A:Thankyou.B:You're

综合练习六

I.l.He2.her,her3.his,He4.They

II.1.Lucy'sfriendsdon'tplayvolleyball.

DoLucy'sfriendsplayvolleyball?

Yes,theydo.No,theydon't.

2.Tomisn'thavinghissupper.

IsTomhavinghissupper?

Yes,heis.No,heisn't.

3.Myuncleisn'tgoodatdrawing.

Isyourunclegoodatdrawing?

Yes,heis.No,heisn't.

4.Theirfatherdoesn'tgotoBeijing.

DoestheirfathergotoBeijing?

Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn't.

5.Katedoesn'tliketomatoesverymuch.

DoesKateliketomatoesverymuch?

Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesn't.

6.Daviddoesn'thavethreenicebackpacks.

DoesDavidhavethreenicebackpacks?

Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn't.

III.1.are2.works3.want4.like

5.goes6.do

IV.1.him2.tomatoes3.children

4.does5.likes6.families

7.they8.her9.our

V.1.Therearemanyapplesonthetable.

2.Doyoulikesoccer?

3.Sheplayssportseveryday.

4.Howmucharethesesocks?

5.Hereyouare.

6.1haveagoodfriend.Hisuncleisateacher.

7.Canyoubelieveit?

8.Whatcolordoyouwant?

9.Shelikeseggs,bananasandapplesforbreakfast.

10.Thesearemyfriends.

11.Isthisboyyourbrother?

12.ThisisaphotoofJim'sfamily.

13.Mybackpackisunderthechair.

14.Wherearethosebooks?

15.Let'seaticecreams!

16.Theydon'tliketomatoes.

VI.1.What'syourphonenumber?

2.Howdoyouspellpencil?

3.HowmuchistheblueT-shirt?

4.Therearesixpeopleinmyfamily.

VILWhat,want,in,sale,Whatcolor,me,

about,small,take,How,much,Here,welcome

综合练习七

I.连词成句。

1.is,your,when,birthday,brother's2.October,tenth,bithday,is,

his

______________________________?

3.born,year,what,were,you4.1991,born,was,he,in

______________________________?

5.have,school,your,what,you,events,do,at

9

n.回答下列问题。

1.Howoldareyou?2.Where'stheChinesebook?

3.Whatyearwereyouborn?4.Isthereapenonthedesk?

5.Who'sthatinthephoto?6.Whatdoyoulike?

7.Whatcolorisit?8.Whenisyourbirthday?

in.写出下列各句的问题。

1.MynameisDale.2.TomisanAmericanboy.

3.Theyareintheclassroom.4.HerbirthdayisMay1st.

5.Thesweatersaregreen.6.Theirsonis9yearsold.

7.It'ssevendollars.8.IfsaneraserinEnglish.

IV.翻译。

1.2月］2日___________2.第三月份____________3.Mary的生日

4.在2004年_________5.出生________________6.12岁

7.一场足球赛________8.英语演讲比赛―____9.生日晚会

10.郊游______________11.流行音乐会_________12.在你的学校

V.将下列各句变成否定句和一般疑问句并作肯定、否定的简短回答。

1.HisbirthdayisApril4th.2.WehaveanArtFestivaleveryyear.

3.Therearemanychildreninthepark.4.Tomwantsabigbirthdaycake.

5.Tim'suncleworksinabookshop.6.Thekeysareunderthesofa.

VL根据卡片回答问题。

A:Ishisyourfriend?

B:Yes,_is.