高考英语一轮复习-核心素养测评四-必修1-Unit-4-Earth

2021版高考英语一轮复习核心素养测评四必修1Unit4Earthquakes（含解析）新人教版2021版高考英语一轮复习核心素养测评四必修1Unit4Earthquakes（含解析）新人教版PAGE2021版高考英语一轮复习核心素养测评四必修1Unit4Earthquakes（含解析）新人教版核心素养测评四必修1Unit4Earthquakes(限时35分钟)Ⅰ。阅读理解AWiththeundeniableincreaseingreenhouseemissionsonEarth，therecanbenodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmer，andscientificstudieshaveproventhatifwecarryonlivingthewaywedo，thenglobaltemperatureswillriseevenmore。Sowhatexactlydoesthismeanforthefutureofourplanet？Globalwarmingwillinfactcauseextremeweatherconditions，meaningthatourwinterswouldbeevencolderthantheyarenow。Morethanthat,warmertemperatureswillleadtothemeltingoficeinthenorthandsouthpoles，whichinturnwillleadtorisingsealevelsacrosstheglobe.Thisisparticularlytroublingforlowcoastalregionsandsomeislandcountries。In1000yearsorso,alltheseplaceswillbefloodedunderwater.Sowherewillwebeabletolive?Unlesswecanfindawaytoevolveintomermaidsandmermen,whichdoesn’tlookpromising，theonlysolutionistomoveelsewhere。Therewillbelittlechoiceleftoncealargeproportionofthelandislosttothesea，andotherremainingplaceswillbesohotthatitwillbeabsolutelyimpossibleforustosurvive。Countriesthatweconsidertobehotthesedayswillbeevenmoresoiftemperaturesincreaseby5，10,even15degrees。Itispossible，then，thattheoncefrozenpolesoftheArcticandAntarcticawillbesuitableenoughtolivein，havingmelteditsiceandwarmedup.It’sscarytothinkofourdescendents(后代)strugglingtosurviveinavirtuallyuninhabitableworld.Perhapsifpeoplestarttorealizehowtheiractionsnowcanhavesuchanimpactonfuturegenerations，theywillchangetheirattitudeandstarttothinkmoreaboutcaringfortheenvironment.Ifnot，we’llbelivinginaworldunderwaterandwillneedtothinkofawaytoturnourselvesintomermaids!【文章大意】如果不改变我们现在的生活方式，地球温度将继续上升,导致海水上涨,低海拔地区将被淹没，其他地区也将热得无法生存,人们不得不进化成“美人鱼”！1。Whataboutourplanetin1000yearsaccordingtothetext？A.Therewillbemorewater。B.Winterwillbecomemild。C.Low—lyingislandswilldisappear。D。Sealevelswillriseinthepolarregions.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,如果气温继续上升,大约1000年后，低海拔的沿海地区将被水淹没.故选C。2。WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Hotplacestodaywillbecomecolder.B.Humansmightevolveintomermaids.C.Fewerplaceswillbesuitabletolive.D.Theearthwillbetotallycoveredbywater.【解析】选C.推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，气候持续变暖会导致海平面上升,淹没大部分地区,适合人们居住的空间越来越小.C选项符合题意。3。Whatdoestheauthorappealtopeopletodo?A.Carefortheenvironment.B。Learntolivelikeamermaid。C.Takegoodcareofourchildren。D。Struggleforoursurvival。【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中“theywillchangetheirattitudeandstarttothinkmoreaboutcaringfortheenvironment”可知,作者写这篇文章主要想让人们改变态度,多考虑关心环境。A选项符合题意。4。Whichwordcandescribetheauthor’sattitudetowardsglobalwarming?A。Optimistic。 B.Worried。C。Terrified。 D。Unconcerned。【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据文章内容以及最后一段中“It’sscarytothinkofourdescendentsstrugglingtosurviveinavirtuallyuninhabitableworld.”可知，作者对目前的气候变化给人类带来的灾难感到忧虑。故选B。scary作形容词,意为“使人惊慌的”。【知识拓展】佳词积累

1。temperaturen。温度；气温

2.extreme adj.极端的

3。melt v.融化

4.particularly adv。尤其;特别地

5.absolutely adv.绝对地;完全地

6.generation n.一代;一代人

7.impact n。＆v。影响B(2020·乌鲁木齐模拟）Artificialintelligence（AI)technologymaysoonbeausefultoolfordoctors。Itmayhelpthembetterunderstandandtreatdiseaseslikebreastcancerinwaysthatwereneverbeforepossible.RishiRawatteachesAIattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia's（USC）ClinicalScienceCenterinLosAngeles.HeispartofateamofscientistswhoareresearchinghowAIandmachinelearningcanmoreeasilyrecognizecancerousgrowthsinthebreast.Rawatprovidesinformationaboutcancercellsforacomputer.Hesaysthisdatahelpsthemachinelearn。“Youcanputthedataintocomputersandtheywilllearnthepatternsandthepatternrecognitionisimportanttomakingdecisions.”DavidAgusisanotherUSCresearcher.Hesaysmachinesarenotgoingtotaketheplaceofdoctors。“Computerswillnottreatpatients,buttheywillhelpmakecertaindecisionsandlookforthingsthatthehumanbraincan’trecognizebyitself。Onceaconfirmedcancerousgrowthisremoved，doctorsstillhavetotreatthepatienttoreducetheriskofcancerreturning。Theformoftreatmentdependsonthekindofcancer。”Currently，researcherstakeathinpieceoftissue，putitonasmallpieceofglassandaddcolortobetterseethecells。Thatprocesscouldtakedaysorevenlonger。Scientistssayartificialintelligencecandosomethingbetterthanjustcountcells.Throughmachinelearning,itcanrecognizecomplexpatterns,orstructures，andlearnhowthecellsareorganized。Thehopeisthatmachineswillsoonbeabletomakeaquickidentificationofcancerthatisfreeofhumanmistakes。“Allofasudden,wehavethecomputingpowertoreallydoitinrealtime.Wecouldn’thavedonethis，wedidn’thavethecomputingpowertodothisseveralyearsago,butnowit’sallchanged.”Agusaddsthattheprocesscouldbedoneforalmostnocostinthedevelopingworld。Hesaysthathavingalargeamountofinformationaboutpatientsisimportantforamachinetoeffectivelydoitsjobinmedicine.TheUniversityof【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文章。文章介绍人工智能,并解释了它在治疗癌症中的作用，希望机器很快就能快速识别出没有人类错误的癌症。5。InRishiRawat’sresearch，________.

A。thedataputintocomputerscontributestocancerrecognitionB.manycancersarebeingstudiedatthemomentC.machinelearninghasreplaceddoctors'workD.thefocusisonthecureforcancer【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中Rawatprovidesinformationaboutcancercellsforacomputer.Hesaysthisdatahelpsthemachinelearn.“Youcanputthedataintocomputersandtheywilllearnthepatternsandthepatternrecognitionisimportanttomakingdecisions.”可知,在RishiRawat的研究中，输入电脑的数据有助于对癌症的识别.故选A。6。WhatisthepurposeofDavidAgus’swordsinParagraph3？A。Toprovidesomeadvicefordoctors。B。Tointroducethedevelopmentofcancer.C。Toappealtoscientiststoresearchintocancer。D。ToexplainthefunctionofAIintreatingcancer。【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段中Scientistssayartificialintelligencecandosomethingbetterthanjustcountcells.Throughmachinelearning,itcanrecognizecomplexpatterns,orstructures，andlearnhowthecellsareorganized。“科学家们表示，人工智能可以做的不仅仅是计数细胞。通过机器学习,它可以识别复杂的模式或结构，并了解细胞是如何组织的。"可知，在第三段DavidAgus所说的话是用来解释人工智能在治疗癌症中的作用的。故选D。7.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A。AIcanmakedecisionsfordoctors.B。Developingcountriesmightbelackoffunds.C。AIwillhopefullymakeanaccurateidentificationofcancer。D.Computingpowerhaslonghelpedwiththeidentificationofcancer。【解析】选C。推理判断题.根据第五段中Thehopeisthatmachineswillsoonbeabletomakeaquickidentificationofcancerthatisfreeofhumanmistakes。“希望机器很快就能快速识别出没有人类错误的癌症。”可知,C项正确.8。Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsAIusedintreatingcancer？A.Positive.B.Indifferent.C。Doubtful. D.Negative.【解析】选A。观点态度题.根据最后一段TheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaresearchersarenowonlystudyingbreastcancer。Butdoctorspredictartificialintelligencewillonedaymakeadifferenceinallformsofcancer。“南加州大学的研究人员目前只研究乳腺癌。但医生预测,人工智能终有一天会在所有癌症中发挥作用。”可知,作者对人工智能治疗癌症的态度是“积极的，肯定的”。故选A。【知识拓展】长难句分析

（Para.3）Computerswillnottreatpatients,buttheywillhelpmakecertaindecisionsandlookforthingsthatthehumanbraincan’trecognizebyitself.

分析:这是一个由but连接的并列句；that引导定语从句,修饰先行词things。

翻译:计算机不会治疗病人，但它们会协助做出某些判断，并寻找人类大脑无法自己识别的东西.Ⅱ。完形填空OnthesnowymorningofJanuary28，Ionlyplannedtotakemygarbageoutbeforeheadingstraightbackinside.However,whiletakingthegarbageouttothe1alongtheroad，myfour—year—oldblackLabrador,Midnight，startedactingstrangely.Herearsperkedup(竖起）2me。Ihadneverseenhermakethatexpression。

Ifeltsomethingmightbe3，soIletMidnightleadthewayandfollowedherovertomy4neighbor'shouse.Whenwegottoaspotontheothersideofthehome，we587—year-oldNoreenlyinginthe6.Ifiguredshehadbeenoutthereatleastoneandahalfhours。Hurriedly,I7herupandbroughtherintomyhome。

Onceinside，mywifeandImadesureshewasn’tseriouslyinjuredand8shedidn'thavefrostbite(冻伤）。However,herhandswerealready9sowehelpedherwarmupandgaveherdryclothes。LaterNoreenexplainedtomeshehadgoneoutearlierthat10tofillherbirdfeederbeforethetemperaturedroppedevenfurtherthefollowingdaybutshewas11inthesnowaftertakinga12Noreenisnowmuchbetterbutknowshow13shecametolosingherlife.Shewasgrateful。“MidnightiswithoutdoubtthereasonIamstill14today,"saidNoreen。

WithoutMidnightIwouldneverhaveseenNoreenlyingontheground。We’vebeenvery15ofherbecauseit’snoteverydogthatpaysattentiontothingslikethis.

【文章大意】本文是记叙文。文章叙述了在一个极度寒冷的早晨,一只拉布拉多犬的异常行为，引起了主人的关注，跟随他的狗，他发现87岁的邻居倒在雪地上危在旦夕。他立刻对老人进行救助，最后老人脱离危险。1。A.car B.mailbox C。dustbin D。court【解析】选C。根据上下文以及常识,作者把垃圾拿出去放入外面路边的垃圾箱里（dustbin）。car“车”;mailbox“邮箱”；court“网球场”.2。A.lookingat B。walkingbesideC。lookingafter D。listeningto【解析】选A。根据第一段最后一个单词expression“表情”，可以推断出来,作者的狗竖着耳朵看着（lookingat）他,表情不寻常。walkingbeside“走在……旁边”；lookingafter“照看”；listeningto“听着"。3.A.unique B。special C.wrong D。sharp【解析】选C.根据上文他的狗的异样行为和表情,作者感觉到出了什么事情。somethingiswrong“出了什么事情”；unique“独特的”;special“特殊的”；sharp“锋利的”.4。A.elderly B.former C.young D。sick【解析】选A.根据下文87—year—oldNoreen，可以知道是上了年纪的(elderly）邻居。former“以前的”;young“年轻的”;sick“有病的”。5.A。found B.rememberedC。recognized D。knew【解析】选A。根据上下文，作者发现（found）87岁的邻居正躺在雪地里。6.A。water B。snow C.field D。wind【解析】选B。根据文章开头提到的snowymorning以及后面inthesnow，得知这里老邻居是躺在雪地里。7.A。put B。lifted C.took D.woke【解析】选B。当作者意识到老人躺在雪地里至少一个半小时时,立刻把她抬起来(liftedup）并带回家.putup“建起”,tookup“从事、拿起、占据”；wokeup“唤醒”。8.A.understood B。checkedC。promised D。predicted【解析】选B。根据上下文,作者和妻子检查（checked)一下看看老人是否有冻伤。understood“理解";promised“承诺”；predicted“预测”.9。A.black B.white C。blue D.pink【解析】选C。根据上下文及常识,她的手已经冻得发青(blue）了。10。A.morning B。afternoonC。evening D。night【解析】选A。文章一开始就交代OnthesnowymorningofJanuary28，所以这里选择morning.11。A。struggling B.sleepingC.expecting D。surviving【解析】选A。根据上下文推断，老人在雪地里摔倒了之后，在雪地里挣扎(struggling)，试图站起来,但是没有成功。其他不符合语境:sleeping“睡觉”;expecting“期待”；surviving“生存”。12。A.break B。fall C。breath D.step【解析】选B。根据上下文推断出来，老人是在雪地里摔倒了，爬不起来。takeafall“摔了一跤”;takeabreak“休息一下”;takeabreath“喘口气”;takeastep“采取措施;迈出一步”。13。A。narrow B。painfulC.close D。hopeless【解析】选C。Noreen现在好多了,但她知道自己差点丢了性命。beclosetodoing“接近”,固定搭配.narrow“狭窄的”；painful“痛苦的”；hopeless“没有希望的"。14.A。dead B.lucky C.free D.alive【解析】选D。根据上下文可知:邻居Noreen说,她能活着（alive)多亏了Midnight.15。A.afraid B.aware C.ashamed D.proud【解析】选D。根据上下文,作者为自己的狗救人的事迹感到自豪(proud）。beproudof“为……而自豪”；beafraidof“害怕”;beawareof“意识到”;beashamedof“为……而羞愧”。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Wecanliveforweekswithoutfood,dayswithoutwater,butonlyafewminuteswithoutair.Thequalityoftheairwebreatheis1.________(extreme）importantforoverallhealthandwellbeing。Airpollutionisamajorcauseofdeath2。________illnessintheworld。Whilethereareseveralnaturalsourcesofairpollution,humanactivities,among3.________industry，heatingandtransportarethemostsevere,havemadeasignificantcontribution4。________airpollutionovercenturies，particularlyafterthebeginningoftheindustrialrevolutioninthelate1700s。Nowadays,outdoorairpollutant