人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters 语法导学案

高一年级二部英语导学案:语法使用日期：2023年11月9日编号：5WelcomeUnit教学目标：教学难点：导学1、Whatistheattributiveclause？2、Let’sgo!自学Herearesomeofthepeople_______homesweredestroyedbythetyphoon.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople_______wereasleep.3、Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings__________hadbeendamagedbythehurricanewererepaired.互学Checkyouranswersingroups.展学Showyouranswersactively.教学

一定语从句修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词之后。Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.修饰girlThisistheclassroomwherewestudy.修饰classroom限定性定语从句:紧跟先行词无逗号和主句隔开、Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.非限定性定语从句:有逗号与先行词隔开LastnightIsawaverygoodfilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.分隔定语从句:定语从句和先行词间有其他成分隔开,且没有that先行词关系代词关系副词主语宾语可省略定语状语时间地点原因指人WhoWhomwhothatwhoseofwhomwherewhenwhy指物thatwhichthatwhoseofwhichSheisdoingexperimentsinthelabwhich二、1、先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who或thatIhaveafriend_________likeslisteningtomusic.我有一个喜欢听音乐的朋友。2、先行词指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，用who,that,whom或省略Sheisthegirl___________________Imetatthemeeting.3、先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用that或whichThisisthebookthat/whichsheislookingfor.4、先行词指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，用that,which或省略Theradiowhich/that/省略heboughtyesterdaydoesn’twork.5、先行词指人或物，whose+n.可替换为:the+n.+ofwhom/which也可替换为:ofwhom/which+the+n.Eg.Helivesinaroom________windowfacesnorth.Helivesinaroom_________thewindowfacesnorth.Helivesinaroom,thewindow__________facesnorth.Iknowthepersonwhosehousewastotallydestroyedintheearthquake.Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.三、用that不用which的情况(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(5)先行词同时指人和指物时，用that.IrememberthestudentsandthingsthatImetinZaoQiangseniormiddleschool.(6)主句中是以who或者which时，关系代词用that.Whichisthebookthatyouboughtlastweek?四、用which不用that的情况①that不能引导非限制性定语从句Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.②that不能置于介词之后（介词后指物用which,指人用whom）Theprize________heworkedsohardwasanewbicycle.Themanwroteathank-youlettertothesoldierby_____shewasrescued.who和that的区别在下列情况，通常要用that：

(1)当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时：

ImadeaspeechonthemenandthingsthatIhadseenabroad.

(2)当疑问词是who时(为避免重复)：

WhowasitthatwontheWorldCupin1982?

(3)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略)：

Tomisnottheboy(that)hewas.下列情况，通常要用who

当先行词为those且指人时，英语习惯上要用who来引导定语从句。如：

Godhelpthosewhohelpthemselves.五、做题技巧：1.确定定语从句2.看先行词是指人还是指物3.确定先行词在定语从句中做的成分4.确定关系代词六、关系副词Couldyoustillrememberthetimewhenthetrainleft?（指时间，作状语）Thisisthefactorywheremyfatherworks?（指地点，作状语）Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool?（指原因，作状语）关系代词和关系副词的区别1.Thereason___________hegaveussoundedreasonable.2.Idon’tknowthereason_______hequarreledwithyou.3.I’llneverforgettheday___________wespenttogether.4.I’llremembertheday_________westayedtogether.5.Thisisthehotel____________wevisitedlastyear.6.Thisisthehotel_________Lincolnoncelived.总结：关系代词和关系副词的选择关键看关系词在定语从句中做的成分而定。注意事项1当先行词是case,condition,situation,position,point,stage,degree，occasion等词，表示情况、方面、处境时用关系副词where。Hehadtofacetheconditionwherepressurewasheavy.Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationwheretheycanseethemselvesdifferently.注意事项2当先行词是occasion，定语从句缺状语时，往往用when引导定语从句Eg.Doyoustillremembertheoccasionwhenyoutwohiteachotherbychance?注意事项3当先行词时是way，定语从句缺状语时，引导词用that/inwhich/省略Eg.Theway(that/inwhich)hetreatedhismothersurprisedus!Canyoushowmetheway(that/inwhich)youthinkoftopreventtheriverfrombeingpolluted?注意事项4有些情况下，关系副词可以用“介词+which”的形式代替，介词依据与从句中谓语动词的搭配，与先行词的搭配或句子的意义来确定。Isthisthecar_____whichyoupaidahighprice?Themeetingisabout“guncontrol”,_______whichAmericanpeoplehavearguedformanyyears.October,1st,1949,wastheday______whichnewChinawasfounded.Hisstick,_______whichhecan’twalk,islost.Thisisthecamera______whichheoftentakesphotos.检学1.Those_______wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.2.YesterdayIhelpedanoldman_________hadlosthisway.3.Mr.Liuistheperson________________youtalkedaboutonthebus.4.Thefactory____________makescomputersisfarawayfromhere.5.Ivisitedascientist_____nameisknownalloverthecountry.6.Doyoustillrememberthefarm__________wevisitedthre