浙江省杭州北斗联盟2023-2024学年高二上学期期中联考英语试题

2023学年第一学期杭州北斗联盟期中联考高二年级英语学科试题考生须知：1.本卷共8页满分150分，考试时间120分钟;2.答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。3.所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效;4.考试结束后，只需上交答题纸。选择题部分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanplantodo?A.Attendaconcert. B.Seeafilm. C.Watchagame.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Whatarewegoingtodotonight?Whydon’twegotothecinemaoraconcert?M:Well,thethingisthatthere’safootballmatchontelevision.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthemandoing?A.Askingpermission. B.Offeringhelp. C.Findingthesmokingarea.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme.CouldIsmokehere,ma’am?W:I’msorry,butyouseethatmybabyissleepinghere.Whydon’tyougotothesmokingareabetweenCarriages8and9?3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whendidthewomancamebackhome?A.At8:00 B.At10:00. C.At11:00.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Whenwasyourlaptopstolen?W:Itwasabout10o’clock.Ilefthomeat8:00,andwhenIcamebackat11:00,itwasgone.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoesthewomanwanttohavedinner?A.AttheRedRoseRestaurant.B.Attheman’shouse.C.AttheBlueMoonRestaurant.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Shallweeatouttonight?W:Soundsgreat.Wheredoyouwanttogo?M:HowabouttheRedRoseRestaurant?It’sverynearmyhouse.W:It’stoonoisythere.HowabouttheBlueMoonRestaurant?Ilikethesoftmusicthere—it’samuchnicerenvironmentforeating.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthewomando?A.Takeabath. B.Cookameal. C.Callherdad.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Whyareyouallwet,Nick?M:Someonefellintothelake,andIjumpedintosavehim.W:Oh,mydearboy,I’msogladyou’reOK.Goandtakeahotbath.Thengiveyourdadacall.I’llgoandprepareyousomedinner.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Howmuchwillthewomanpay?A.$100. B.$200. C.$400.7.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Feedthedogeveryday.B.Walkthedogtwiceaday.C.Getthedog’sregistrationpapers.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】W:Hello,canyouboarddogshere?M:Yes.Howlongdoyouwanttoboardyourdog?W:IwanttoboardmydogherefromnextMondaytonextThursday.Howmuchperday?M:Asmalldogis25adayabigdogis50aday.W:Oh,Ithinkmineisasmallone.Canyouwalkthedogtwiceaday?M:Noproblem.Whenyoubringyourdog,pleasebringthedog’sregistrationpapers.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandemployee. B.Husbandandwife. C.Neighbors.9.Whatdoesthemanhavetodonow?A.Talkwiththewoman. B.Gototheairport. C.SeeMr.Brownoff.【答案】8.A9.B【解析】【原文】M:Hello,Alice.What’sthematter?W:I’vebeenherefortwohours.Canyousparemeafewminutes?M:Rightnow?W:Yes.I’dliketohaveawordwithyouaboutmyjob.M:Sorry.I’mafraidIcan’t,forImustgototheairporttomeetMr.Brownnow.W:Whataboutthistimetomorrow?M:OK.Thistimetomorrowthen.Seeyou!W:Seeyou!听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.What’sthewoman’strouble?A.Shearguedwithherclassmate.B.Shehasdifficultygettingajob.C.Shelacksoffashionableclothes.11.Whatshouldthewomandoaccordingtoherparents?A.Getapart-timejob. B.Buysomenewclothes. C.Spendmoretimeonherstudy.12.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheisthesamesizeashersister.B.Shewillhaveatalkwithherparents.C.Shedoesn’twanttowearhersister’sclothes.【答案】10.C11.C12.A【解析】【原文】W:Oh,Dennis,whatshouldIdo?M:What’swrong,Julia?W:IdonothavecoolclothesfortheTalentShownextweek.Myclothesareoutofstyle.M:Whynotbuysomenewclothes?W:Idon’thaveenoughmoney.M:Maybeyoucouldgetapart-timejobinyourfreetime.W:No,Ican’t.Myparentswantmetospendmoretimeonmystudy.SoIarguedwiththem.M:Oh,youshouldn’targuewithyourparents.Youshouldtalktothem.Hey,Julia,whydon’tyouborrowsomefromyoursister?Ithinkyoutwoarethesamesize.W:That’strue.Butmysisterdoesn’twantmetowearherclothes.Shewantstobeoriginal.SoIhadanargumentwithhertoo.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whydoesthewomancalltheman?A.Tohelphimbuyfood. B.Toinvitehimtoaparty. C.Toaskhimtosendinvitations.14.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutBen?A.HeisleavingFrance. B.Hehasbecomeateacher. C.Hewillworkforamagazine.15.Whowillattendtheparty?A.Ben’steachers. B.Ben’sparents. C.Ben’sworkmates.16.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.At8:45. B.At9:00. C.At10:00.【答案】13.B14.C15.C16.A【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Jackie!We’regoingtoafarewellpartyonFridayevening.Wouldyouliketocome?M:Toaparty?Ruth,I’dloveto!Whosepartyisit?W:Myfriend,Ben.He’sgoingtoParisonSaturday.He’sgotagreatjobwithaFrenchmagazine.M:Wow!Goodforhim.Ishehavingapartyathisflat?W:Yes.He’sarrangedforit.M:Whoelseisgoing?W:Well,someofBen’sfriendsfromworkandus.M:Thatsoundsgood.Whattimeareyougoing?W:Aboutnineo’clock.Thepartyisatten.M:I’dliketogowithyou.I’llmeetyouatyourflatataquartertonine.W:Noproblem.Seeyouthen.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whoisthespeaker?A.Brandon’smother. B.Acustomer. C.AnannounceratWal-Mart.18.WherewasBrandonlastseen?A.Inthetoyssection.B.Inthefrozenfoodssection.C.Inthesportinggoodssection.19.WhatisBrandonwearing?A.Adarkshirtandbluejeans.B.Bluejeansandablackbaseballcap.C.Awhiteshirtandaredbaseballcap.20.WhatshouldcustomersdoiftheyseeBrandon?A.TakehimtothePizzaHut.B.Callthefrozenfoodssection.C.Helphimtogettothesecuritydesk.【答案】17.C18.B19.B20.C【解析】【原文】W:Goodafternoon,shoppers!ThisisaspecialrequestfromthesecuritydepartmenthereatWal-Mart.Wehopeyouarefindingeverythingyouarelookingfor,butrightnow,weneedyourhelp.Wearelookingfora12-year-oldboynamedBrandonMcSorley.Brandon,ifyoucanhearthis,pleasegotothesecuritydesk.Yourmomislookingforyou.Allotherguests,pleasetakeamomenttohelpusfindBrandon.HismotherSallywaslastwithhiminthefrozenfoodssectionabout10minutesago,andshethinksheisstillsomewhereinthestore,possiblyinthetoyssectionorthesportinggoodssection.Brandoniswearingaredshirt,bluejeans,whiteshoes,andablackbaseballcap.Heisabout5feet2inchestallwithdarkhairandblueeyes.IfyouseeBrandon,pleasehelphimtogettothesecuritydesk.YoucanalsotellusintimeifyouseeBrandonorhaveanyotherinformationabouthim.Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp,andenjoytherestofyourdayhereatWal-Mart.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AExperimentingwitheggsWhatcanyoudowitheggsotherthaneatthem?NakedEggsWhatdoesanegglooklikewithoutitsshell?Youmaybepicturingthewhiteandyolkinabowlaftercrackingit,butthatisn’ttheonlywaytoremovetheshell.Materials:1egg,whitevinegar,abowl,aspoonDirections:Fillabowlwithonecupofvinegar.Addtheeggtothebowl,andwaitatleast24hours.Whenyoucheckitafteraday,you’llnoticesomebubblesontheeggandaresidue(残留物)inthewater.Usethespoontogentlyremovetheeggfromthebowl.Removetheoldvinegar,andaddacupoffreshvinegar.Returntheeggtothebowl,andwaitanother24hours.Whenyouremovetheeggthistime,theshellshouldcompletelydisappear.WalkingonEggshellsCanEggsholdtheweightofyourentirebody?Materials:sixcartons(硬纸盒)ofeggs,agarbagebagDirections:Placethegarbagebagonthefloortomakeanynecessarycleanupeasier.Placethecartonsofeggsintotworowsofthree.Makesurealltheeggsarepointinginthesamedirection-eitherallpointyenduporallroundedendup.Stepontothefirstcartonofeggscarefully.Ifyou’recareful,youwillsucceed.Eggsareactuallyincrediblystrong.Thearchshapeatthetopandthebottomoftheeggallowspressuretobedistributedevenlyovertheegg.21.Inthefirstexperiment,whatcause(s)theeggshelltodisappear?A.Water. B.Vinegar. C.Bubbles. D.Residue.22.Whatwasthemainfactorinthesuccessofthesecondexperiment?A.Thearrangementoftheeggs. B.thenumberoftheeggs.C.Thedistributionofthecartons. D.Theshapeofthecartons.23.Whatwastheauthor’spurposeinwritingthistext?A.Topersuadereaderstouseeggsinnewways.B.Totellthereaderaboutthestructureoftheegg.C.Toinstructreadershowtoexperimentwitheggs.D.Toinspirereaderstoconductexperimentscarefully.【答案】21.B22.A23.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两个与鸡蛋有关的实验的操作过程。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一个实验部分中“Directions:Fillabowlwithonecupofvinegar.Addtheeggtothebowl,andwaitatleast24hours.Whenyoucheckitafteraday,you’llnoticesomebubblesontheeggandaresidue(残留物)inthewater.Usethespoontogentlyremovetheeggfromthebowl.Removetheoldvinegar,andaddacupoffreshvinegar.Returntheeggtothebowl,andwaitanother24hours.Whenyouremovetheeggthistime,theshellshouldcompletelydisappear.(在碗中加入一杯醋。将鸡蛋加入碗中，等待至少24小时。当你一天后检查它时，你会注意到鸡蛋上有一些气泡和水中的残留物。用勺子轻轻地把鸡蛋从碗里舀出来。去掉之前的醋，加入一杯新鲜醋。将鸡蛋放回碗中，再等24小时。当你这次取出鸡蛋时，蛋壳应该完全消失了)”可知，在这个实验中让鸡蛋壳消失的是醋。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第二个实验部分中“Directions:Placethecartonsofeggsintotworowsofthree.Makesurealltheeggsarepointinginthesamedirection-eitherallpointyenduporallroundedendup.Stepontothefirstcartonofeggscarefully.Ifyou’recareful,youwillsucceed.Eggsareactuallyincrediblystrong.Thearchshapeatthetopandthebottomoftheeggallowspressuretobedistributedevenlyovertheegg.(把鸡蛋盒分成两排，每排三个。确保所有的蛋都指向同一个方向——要么是尖的，要么是圆的。小心地踩上第一盒鸡蛋。如果你小心，你就会成功。鸡蛋实际上非常结实。鸡蛋顶部和底部的拱形形状可以使压力均匀地分布在鸡蛋上)”可知，第二个实验成功的关键是鸡蛋的排列方法，如果排列得当，压力可以均匀地分布在鸡蛋上，这样就不容易碎。故选A。【23题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，并结合“Materials:1egg,whitevinegar,abowl,aspoon(材料：鸡蛋1个，白醋，碗一个，勺子一把)”和“Materials:sixcartons(硬纸盒)ofeggs,agarbagebag(材料：鸡蛋6盒，垃圾袋一个)”对实验材料的介绍，以及direction部分对实验过程和结果的介绍推知，作者写本文的目的是教读者如何完成两个和鸡蛋有关的实验。故选C。BIn2009,ShawnSeiplerworkedforanAmericantechnologycompany.HisjobrequireshimtotravelallovertheUnitedStates.Ashesatinhishotelroomonenight,hebegantowonderwhathappenedtothesoapinthebathroomonceheleftthehotel.It’simpossibletoleaveitintheroomforsomeoneelsetouse.Curious,heaskedthehotelmanager,whotoldhimtheusedsoaphadbeenthrownawayandreplacedwithanewone.Shawncouldnotsleepthatnight.AquickInternetsearchinformedhimthattherewereabout4.6millionhotelroomsinAmerica.If60percentofthesewereusedeverynight,overonemillionbarsofsoapwouldbethrownawayeveryday.Wasthisreallynecessary?Theyoungmanwentontoreadreportsabouttheimportanceofhand-washing.Helearnedthatthousandsofchildrenweredyingeverydayfromdiseasesrelatedtobadhygiene(卫生).Ifthechildrenwashedtheirhandswithsoap,thenumberofdeathscouldbereducedbyhalf.Soon,Shawnstartedabusinessrecyclingsoapfromhotels.Shawnstartedhischarity,CleanTheWorld,andbegandistributing(分发)hisrecycledsoaptochildrenallovertheworld.Hisotherbigtaskwastocontactotherhotels,sohecouldtakeawaytheirusedsoap.Hefoundthathewasreallydoingthehotelsabigfavour.Notonlywasheputtingtheirsoaptogooduse,buthewasalsopreventingmillionsofbarsofusedsoapfromendingupinlandfill(垃圾填埋地)everyyear.Hischaritywasabletoraisemoneybychargingthehotelsforthisservice.Inreturn,thehotelscouldtelleveryonetheywerepartofanamazingnewcharity.Today,thecharityhasofficesoverseasandoperatesinChina,IndiaandCanada.ManyofthebiggesthotelgroupsintheworldareworkingwithCleanTheWorld,helpingtosavelives.24.WhattroubledShawnwhenhewasinahotelroomin2009?A.Histiringtravels. B.Thewasteofsoapinhotels.C.Hissleepingproblems. D.Thepoorserviceofthehotel.25.WhatcanwelearnaboutCleanTheWorld?A.Itisawin-winforitselfandhotels.B.Ithelpshotelsmakealotofmoney.C.Itintendstosellsoaptopoorpeople.D.Ittriestocreateenvironment-friendlysoap.26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeShawn?A.Far-sightedandstrict. B.Curiousandhumorous.CPublic-spiritedandcaring. D.Responsibleandcourageous.27.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Hotelscomingtogether B.BuildinggoodhygienehabitsC.Creativewaysofmakingsoap D.Recyclingsoaptosavelives【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了ShawnSeipler成立了一个慈善机构，目的是把酒店用过的肥皂回收后制造成新的肥皂发放给贫困地区的人们，这样可以提高当地的卫生条件从而挽救很多人的生命。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Ashesatinhishotelroomonenight,hebegantowonderwhathappenedtothesoapinthebathroomonceheleftthehotel.(一天晚上，当他坐在酒店房间里时，他开始想，等他离开酒店后，浴室里的肥皂去了哪里。)”及“Curious,heaskedthehotelmanager,whotoldhimtheusedsoaphadbeenthrownawayandreplacedwithanewone.(出于好奇，他问了酒店经理，经理告诉他，用过的肥皂已经被扔掉了，换上了一块新的。)”和第二段中的“Shawncouldnotsleepthatnight.AquickInternetsearchinformedhimthattherewereabout4.6millionhotelroomsinAmerica.If60percentofthesewereusedeverynight,overonemillionbarsofsoapwouldbethrownawayeveryday.(那天晚上肖恩无法入睡。他在网上快速搜索了一下，发现美国大约有460万间酒店客房。如果每天晚上使用其中的60%，每天就会扔掉超过一百万块肥皂。)”可知，当Shawn得知每天有一百多万条肥皂被扔掉的时候，他久久难以入睡，如此庞大的浪费令他忧心忡忡。故选B。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Hefoundthathewasreallydoingthehotelsabigfavour.Notonlywasheputtingtheirsoaptogooduse,buthewasalsopreventingmillionsofbarsofusedsoapfromendingupinlandfill(垃圾填埋地)everyyear.Hischaritywasabletoraisemoneybychargingthehotelsforthisservice.Inreturn,thehotelscouldtelleveryonetheywerepartofanamazingnewcharity.(他发现自己真的帮了酒店一个大忙。他不仅充分利用了他们的肥皂，而且还防止了每年数百万块用过的肥皂被扔进垃圾填埋场。他的慈善机构能够通过向酒店收取这项服务的费用来筹集资金。作为回报，酒店可以告诉所有人，他们是一个了不起的新慈善机构的一部分。)”可知，CleanTheWorld不仅从酒店那里获得机构运转的资金，而且还帮助酒店做了好事并帮其做了正面宣传。由此可见，该慈善机构的所作所为对机构和酒店而言都是双赢的。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Helearnedthatthousandsofchildrenweredyingeverydayfromdiseasesrelatedtobadhygiene(卫生).Ifthechildrenwashedtheirhandswithsoap,thenumberofdeathscouldbereducedbyhalf.Soon,Shawnstartedabusinessrecyclingsoapfromhotels.(他了解到，每天都有成千上万的儿童死于与不卫生有关的疾病。如果孩子们用肥皂洗手，死亡人数可以减少一半。很快，肖恩开始了从酒店回收肥皂的生意。)”和第三段中的“Shawnstartedhischarity,CleanTheWorld,andbegandistributing(分发)hisrecycledsoaptochildrenallovertheworld.(肖恩创办了他的慈善机构。“清洁世界”，并开始把他的回收肥皂分发给世界各地的孩子们。)”可知，Shawn在意识到肥皂的重要性时，创立了向全世界儿童分发肥皂的慈善机构。由此可见，Shawn是一名热心公益且有爱心的人。故选C。【27题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据文中对Shawn通过回收肥皂送给贫困地区的人们来挽救他人生命的描述可知，D项：Recyclingsoaptosavelives(回收肥皂拯救生命)最能概括该主旨大意，适合作标题。故选D。CPeoplemaysetanalarmonthephoneorclockthatsoundslikethis:beepbeepbeep.Thathard,unpleasantsoundmaybemakingithardertoshakeoffthesleepyfeelinginthemorningknownasgrogginess.So,isthereabetterwaytowakeup?Arecentstudysaysyes.Theanswerismusic.Thestudy,carriedoutbyresearchersinAustralia,involved50people.Theresearchersfoundthatpeoplewhowakeuptomusicalalarmsreportedfeelingmoreawakeandalert.StuartMcFarlane,aleadwriterofthestudystated,“Weareverysurprisedbythesefindingsasonemightexpectaharshbeepingsoundtobemoresuccessfulatwakingupaperson.”Sleepinertia(睡眠惯性)isanothertermforgrogginess.Itmeansapersonhasaheavyfeelingwhenwakingup,andhastroublegettingmovingagainaftersleeping.McFarlanesaidpeopleneedtobetterunderstandsleepinertia’sharmfuleffectsonhumanperformancelaterintheday.“Noteveryonewillexperiencethefulleffect.Butforthosewhoneedtoperformwellduringthistime,careshouldbetakenwhenperformingtheirduties,”hesaid.“Thisincludesdangeroustaskslikedrivingorridingourbikesshortlyafterwakingup.Thesameistrueforpeoplewhoworkindangeroussituationsshortlyaftertheywake,includingfirefightersandpilots.”So,whatmakesmusicalalarmsbetterforwakingup?Theresearchersthinkthemusicmaybemoresuccessfulinreducingsleepinertiabecauseithasseveraltones,comparedtothesingletoneofa“beeping”alarm.McFarlanesaidthatthechangesovertimebetweenthemusictonesmayhelpincreaseaperson’sattentionwhenwakingfromsleep.Andisthereakindofmusicthatisbesttowakeupto?Theremaybe,McFarlanesaid.“Wecouldsuggestalarmsoundsthataretunefullandeasytosingalongwith.ThecurrentsoundsIhavebeenusinginclude‘Closetome’bytheCureand‘Borderline’byMadonna.”Nomatterhowyouwakeup,expertssay,theamountofsleepyougetalsomattersalot.28.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“shakeoff”meaninParagraph1?A.Getholdof. B.Getridof. C.Payattentionto. D.Fitinto.29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Sleepinertiaisthemaincauseofgrogginess.B.Howlongapersonsleepsisofgreatimportance.C.The“beeping”alarmisnoteffectivemainlybecauseofitsnoisytone.D.Itisdangerousforeveryonetodriveorridebicyclesshortlyafterwakingup.30Whatmakesmusicmoreeffectiveinresistingsleepinertia?A.Itvariesintones. B.Itispleasanttohear.C.Ithashigherfrequency. D.Itiseasiertounderstand.31.Inwhichsectionofamagazinemayyoufindthepassage?A.Technology. B.Fiction. C.Health. D.Entertainment.【答案】28.B29.B30.A31.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是音乐闹铃更适合叫醒人，而且更可能成功的减少睡眠惯性，并陈述了其原因。【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据下文“So,isthereabetterwaytowakeup?Arecentstudysaysyes.Theanswerismusic.(那么，有没有更好的起床方式呢？最近的一项研究给出了肯定的答案。答案是音乐。)”可知，划线词所在的句子意思为：这种刺耳的、令人不快的声音可能会让你更难摆脱早晨的困倦感。由此可知，shakeoff意为“摆脱”，和B项：getridof意思一致。故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Nomatterhowyouwakeup,expertssay,theamountofsleepyougetalsomattersalot.(专家说，不管你是怎么醒来的，你的睡眠时间也很重要。)”可知，一个人睡多久很重要。故选B。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Theresearchersthinkthemusicmaybemoresuccessfulinreducingsleepinertiabecauseithasseveraltones,comparedtothesingletoneofa“beeping”alarm.(研究人员认为，与单一的“哔哔声”闹钟相比，这种音乐可能更能有效地减少睡眠惯性，因为它有多种音调。)”可知，音乐的音调变化使它更有效地抵抗睡眠惯性。故选A。【31题详解】推理判断题。本文主要讲音乐闹铃更适合叫醒人，而且可能更成功地减少睡眠惯性，并陈述了其原因，本文是关于睡眠起床主题的文章，因此读者会在杂志的健康版块看到这篇文章。故选C。DAteamofresearchersatETHZurichhastheperfectlong-lastingsolutiontoourfogproblem.Theyhavedevelopedaverythinandgold-basedtransparentcoating(涂层)thatcanconvertsunlightintoheat,whichcanbeappliedtoglassandothersurfacestopreventthemfromfogging.Thespecialcoatingisdevelopedusingtitaniumoxideandgoldparticles.Itselectivelyabsorbsinfraredradiations(红外线辐射)fromthesunlightandcreatesaheatingeffectthatispowerfulenoughtokeepfogawayfromthesurfaceofanobject.Thecoatingbasicallyemploysheattostopfogging.Thecoatingabsorbsalargepartoftheinfraredradiation,whichcausesittoheatup-byupto8℃.Previously,productslikeanti-foggingsprays(喷雾)createaverythinfilmofwateronthesurfacetoremovefog.Theproblemwithsuchsurfacesispollution.Alongwithwater,thespraysalsoattractdirt,dust,oil,andvariousotherdirtysubstances,andjustalittledirtonthesurfacemakesituseless.However,thenewcoatingrepels(排斥)water.Furthermore,thecoatingissignificantlythinner,whichmakesitmoretransparentaswellasflexible.Itisheatedpassivelyandrequires,duringdaytime,noadditionalenergysource.Goldmightbeexpensive,buttheresearchersstressthattheircoatingrequiressolittlethatthematerialcostsremainlow.Theircoatingisproducedwithstandardizedandreadilyscalablemethods,allcost-effectively.However,althoughthisproductcanworkatverylowlevelsofsolarradiation,itdoesrelyonacertainamountoflight.Theresearcherswilldevelopthecoatingfurtherforotherapplications.Intheprocess,theywillexaminewhetherothermetalsworkjustaswellasgold.Thereisnoneedtofear.However,thiswouldcauseacarorabuildingtoheatupmoreinthesummer.Theresearchershavealreadyfiledapatent.Hopefully,thisgroundbreakingproductwillsoonbeavailableonthemarket.32.Howdoesthenewcoatingworktoremovefog?A.Byreflectingpartofsunlightselectively.B.Bykeepingcoolairawayfromtheobject.C.Bycreatingathinfilmofwateronthesurface.D.Byabsorbinginfraredradiationstoheatthecoating.33.Whydoestheauthormentionpreviousanti-foggingproducts?A.Tostresstheadvantagesofthenewcoating.B.Tointroducetheinspirationbehindthenewcoating.C.Toprovethedifficultyofcreatinganti-foggingproducts.D.Toexplainthereasonfortheanti-foggingcoatingbeingpopular.34.Whatisthelimitationofthenewcoating?A.Itisconsiderablyexpensive. B.Itdependsonsunlighttowork.C.Ittakestoomuchtimetoproduce. D.Itisdifficulttocleanandmaintain.35.Whatdotheresearchersplantodonext?A.Applyforapatentfortheinvention.BDeveloptheproductformorepracticaluses.C.Exploretheenvironmentalimpactofthecoating.D.Seekamoreenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialtoreplacegold.【答案】32.D33.A34.B35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了苏黎世联邦理工学院的一组研究人员找到了解决雾霾问题的完美持久的方法。他们开发了一种非常薄的金基透明涂层，可以将阳光转化为热量，可以应用于玻璃和其他表面，以防止它们起雾。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thespecialcoatingisdevelopedusingtitaniumoxideandgoldparticles.Itselectivelyabsorbsinfraredradiations(红外线辐射)fromthesunlightandcreatesaheatingeffectthatispowerfulenoughtokeepfogawayfromthesurfaceofanobject.Thecoatingbasicallyemploysheattostopfogging.Thecoatingabsorbsalargepartoftheinfraredradiation,whichcausesittoheatup-byupto8℃.(这种特殊涂层是用氧化钛和金颗粒制成的。它选择性地吸收太阳光中的红外辐射，并产生一种强大的加热效应，足以使雾远离物体表面。这种涂层基本上是利用热量来停止起雾。涂层吸收了很大一部分红外辐射，这使得它的温度上升了8℃。)”可知，这种涂层选择性地吸收太阳光中的红外辐射加热涂层，从而去除雾气。故选D。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Previously,productslikeanti-foggingsprays(喷雾)createaverythinfilmofwateronthesurfacetoremovefog.Theproblemwithsuchsurfacesispollution.Alongwithwater,thespraysalsoattractdirt,dust,oil,andvariousotherdirtysubstances,andjustalittledirtonthesurfacemakesituseless.However,thenewcoatingrepels(排斥)water.Furthermore,thecoatingissignificantlythinner,whichmakesitmoretransparentaswellasflexible.Itisheatedpassivelyandrequires,duringdaytime,noadditionalenergysource.(以前，像防雾喷雾剂这样的产品会在表面形成一层非常薄的水膜来去除雾。这种表面的问题是污染。除了水，喷雾剂还会吸引污垢、灰尘、油和其他各种脏物质，表面上有一点点污垢就没用了。然而，新涂层排斥水。此外，涂层明显更薄，这使得它更透明，也更灵活。它是被动加热的，在白天不需要额外的能源。)”可知，作者提到以前的防雾产品是为了突出新涂层的优点。故选A。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“However,althoughthisproductcanworkatverylowlevelsofsolarradiation,itdoesrelyonacertainamountoflight.(然而，尽管这种产品可以在非常低的太阳辐射水平下工作，但它确实依赖于一定数量的光。)”可知，这种涂层确实依赖于一定数量的光。故选B。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Theresearcherswilldevelopthecoatingfurtherforotherapplications.(研究人员将进一步开发用于其他应用的涂层。)”可知，研究人员接下来将会开发该产品的更多实际用途。故选B。第二节(共5个小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。FourCommonCommunicationMistakesItcanbeembarrassingtomakemistakesincommunication.Forexample,ifyousendanemailwithagrammaticalerror,youcanenduplookingunprofessional.___36___Forexample,theycanpushawaycolleaguesorcustomers.Nowlet'slookatsomecommoncommunicationmistakes.___37___Spelling,toneandgrammaticalmistakescanmakeyoulookcareless.That'swhyit'sessentialtocheckallofyourcommunicationsbeforeyousendthem.Sometimes,itcanbedifficulttoseeerrorsinyourownwork.Soconsideraskingacolleaguetolookoverkeydocumentsbeforeyoudistributethem.Youalwaysdeliverbadnewsbyemail.Wouldyouannouncesomethingbadtoothersbyemail?Ifyoudid,youcouldupsetthem!Writtencommunicationchannelsdon'tallowyoutosoftendifficultmessageswithnon-verbal（非言语的）clues,suchasbodylanguage.___38___Soifyouneedtodeliverbadnews,dothisinperson.Youtendtoavoiddifficultconversations.Atsomepoint,youwillneedtogivenegativefeedback（反馈意见）.Itmayseemwisetoavoidsuchconversation.___39___Forinstance,youmayfindthatasmallproblemyou“letgo”soongrowsintoabigone.Preparationisthekeytohandlingdifficultconversations.Learntogiveclear,actionablefeedback.Youarereactinginsteadofresponding.Haveyouevershoutedatacolleagueinupset,orsentabriefandunfriendlyreplytoanemail,withoutthinkingyourpointthrough?Ifso,you'relikelytohavereactedemotionally,insteadofrespondingcalmly.Thekindofemotionalreactioncandamageyourreputation.___40___A.Youfailtohaveyourworkedited.B.Butthiscancausefurtherproblems.C.Difficultconversationscancauseupset.D.Youassumeothersunderstandyourmessages.E.Youmaygiveotherstheimpressionoflackingself-control.F.Andtheydon'tallowyoutoimmediatelydealwithstrongemotions.G.Othercommunicationmistakescanhavemoreseriousconsequences.【答案】36.G37.A38.F39.B40.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四种常见的沟通中的错误。【36题详解】由上文“Itcanbeembarrassingtomakemistakesincommunication.Forexample,ifyousendanemailwithagrammaticalerror,youcanenduplookingunprofessional.(在交流中犯错误可能会让人尴尬。例如，如果你发送了一封语法错误的电子邮件，你最终可能看起来不专业。)”可知，上文提到邮件中的语法错误会给人留下不专业的印象，且下文进一步说明其他错误交流方式会造成更严重的后果。G项Othercommunicationmistakescanhavemoreseriousconsequences.(其他沟通错误可能会产生更严重的后果。)符合语境，与上文存在递进关系且与下文存在解释关系。故选G项。【37题详解】由下文“Spelling,toneandgrammaticalmistakescanmakeyoulookcareless.That'swhyit'sessentialtocheckallofyourcommunicationsbeforeyousendthem.Sometimes,itcanbedifficulttoseeerrorsinyourownwork.Soconsideraskingacolleaguetolookoverkeydocumentsbeforeyoudistributethem.(拼写、语气和语法错误会让你看起来很粗心。这就是为什么在发送之前检查所有通信至关重要的原因。有时，很难看到自己工作中的错误。因此，请考虑让同事在分发关键文档之前先查看这些文档。)”可知，本段主要陈述了一种常见的交流中的错误行为：在将文本发出去之前未对其进行校对。A项Youfailtohaveyourworkedited.(你的作品没有被编辑。)符合语境，是本段的主旨句。故选A项。【38题详解】由上文“Wouldyouannouncesomethingbadtoothersbyemail?Ifyoudid,youcouldupsetthem!Writtencommunicationchannelsdon'tallowyoutosoftendifficultmessageswithnon-verbal（非言语的）clues,suchasbodylanguage.(你会通过电子邮件向别人宣布一些不好的事情吗？如果你这么做了，你可能会让他们不高兴！书面沟通渠道不允许你用非语言线索（如肢体语言）软化困难的信息。)”可知，这里主要陈述了书面沟通渠道传达负面消息的缺点。F项Andtheydon'tallowyoutoimmediatelydealwithstrongemotions.(它们不允许你立即处理强烈的情绪。)符合语境，其中they指代前面Writtencommunicationchannels，且与下文存在并列关系。故选F项。【39题详解】根据段落标题“Youtendtoavoiddifficultconversations.(你常常会避免困难的谈话。)”可知，本段阐述你会避免困难谈话，由上文“Atsomepoint,youwillneedtogivenegativefeedback（反馈意见）.Itmayseemwisetoavoidsuchconversation.(在某个时候，你需要给出负面的反馈。避免这样的