高考一轮复习英语课件：语法专项名词

ReviewofEnglishintheFirstRoundoftheCollegClassificationofNounsThenumberofnounsThecaseofanounThenatureofnounsThesyntacticfunctionofnouns目录01ClassificationofNounsProperterminologyPropernounsarenamesofspecificpersons,places,organizations,events,etc.Theyareusuallywrittenincapitalletters.Example:"Beijing","China","WorldCup","AppleInc."0102CommonnounExample:"cat","dog","teacher","student"Commonnounsareusedtorefertoaclassofthingsorpeople.Theyareusuallywritteninlowercaseletters.Abstractnounsareusedtorefertoabstractideasorqualities.Theyareusuallywritteninlowercaseletters.Example:"happiness","love","wisdom","beauty"AbstractnounMaterialnounMaterialnounsareusedtorefertomaterialsorsubstances.Theyareusuallywritteninlowercaseletters.Example:"gold","silver","cotton","iron"02ThenumberofnounsCountablenounsarenounsthatcanbecounted,suchas"book","apple","car".Countablenounscanbesingularorplural,dependingonthecontext.Countablenounscanbemodifiedbyadjectives,andcanbeusedwitharticles(a/an,the).CountablenounUncountablenounsarenounsthatcannotbecounted,suchas"milk","bread","rice".Uncountablenounsareusuallymassnouns,andtheirquantitycannotbemeasuredbynumbers.Uncountablenounscanbemodifiedbyadjectives,butcannotbeusedwitharticles(a/an,the).UncountablenounSomenounscanbeconvertedfromcountabletouncountable,andviceversa.Forexample,"information"isanuncountablenoun,butitcanbeconvertedtoacountablenounbyadding"piece"or"bit"toitsend,suchas"apieceofinformation".Theconversionbetweencountableanduncountablenounsdependsonthecontextandusage.Theconversionbetweencountableanduncountablenouns03ThecaseofanounPossessivecaseisusedtoshowpossessionorownership,usuallybyadding'stotheendofanoun.Inpossessivecase,theapostrophereplacestheletter's'.Forexample:"John'scar","thecompany'sheadquarters".Itisalsousedinthepluralform,asin"theboys'toys".Possessivecase01Itisusedtoshowpossessionofsomethingthatbelongstosomeoneelse.Forexample:"John'smother'shouse"means"thehousethatbelongstoJohn'smother".Thedoublegenitiveconstructionisalsousedinthepluralform,asin"thechildren'sparents'houses".Doublegenitiveisaconstructionthatcombinesapossessivecasewithagenitivecase.020304DoublegenitiveTheconstruction"of+nounpossessivecase"isusedtoshowpossessionorownershipofsomethingabstractorintangible.Forexample:"theownershipofknowledge","thehopeofsuccess".Thisconstructionisalsousedwhenthepossessorisemphasized,asin"thehouseofmyfriend".Of+nounpossessivecase04ThenatureofnounsAmasculinenounisanounthattypicallyreferstomalepersonsorthings.Itisusuallyindicatedbythesuffix"-o"or"-us"inLatin-derivedwords,orbytheabsenceofanysuffixinnativeEnglishwords.Somecommonmasculinenounsinclude"actor,""hero,"and"king."masculinenounAshe-nounisanounthatisgrammaticallyfeminine.Itisusuallyindicatedbythesuffix"-ess"or"-woman"inEnglishwords,orbythesuffix"-a"inLatin-derivedwords.Somecommonshe-nounsinclude"actress,""waitress,"and"lady."she-nounAneutralnounisanounthatdoesnothaveaspecificgenderassociation.ItisusuallyindicatedbytheabsenceofanysuffixinEnglishwords.Somecommonneutralnounsinclude"child,""student,"and"teacher."Neutralnoun05ThesyntacticfunctionofnounsThesubjectcanbeanoun,pronoun,oragroupofwordsthatfunctionasanoun.Thesubjectisthemainpartofthesentence,expressingthepersonorthingperformingtheaction.InEnglish,thesubjectisusuallyplacedatthebeginningofthesentence,andthesubjectandpredicateareconnectedbyaverb.subject单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提一一二三四五六七八九一二三四五六七八九一二三四五六七八九文，单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的良好效果单击此4*25}InEnglish,theobjectisusuallyplacedaftertheverb,butitcanalsobeplacedbeforetheverbinsomecases.Theobjectcanbeanoun,pronoun,oragroupofwordsthatfunctionasanoun.objectNounscanexpressabstractideasoremotionsthroughpropernounsoradjectives.Forexample,"love"isanounthatexpressesanabstractidea,and"red"isanounthatexpressesanemotionthroughanadjective.ExpressivelanguageAnappositiveisanounthatmodifiesanothernounbyprovidingadditionalinformationaboutit.Itisusua