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RENEWABLES

-

BASEDELECTRIC

COOKINGClimate

commitments

and

finance©

IRENA

2023Unless

otherwise

stated,

material

in

this

publication

may

be

freely

used,

shared,

copied,

reproduced,

printed

and/orstored,

provided

that

appropriate

acknowledgement

is

given

of

IRENA

as

the

source

and

copyright

holder.

Materialinthispublicationthatisattributedto

thirdpartiesmaybesubjectto

separatetermsof

useandrestrictions,andappropriate

permissions

from

these

third

parties

may

need

to

be

secured

before

any

use

of

such

material.ISBN:

978-92-9260-569-8CITATIONIRENA

(2023),

Renewables-based

electriccooking:

Climate

commitments

andfinance,

International

RenewableEnergy

Agency,

Abu

Dhabi.ABOUT

IRENAThe

International

Renewable

Energy

Agency

(IRENA)

is

an

intergovernmental

organisation

that

supports

countriesin

their

transition

to

a

sustainable

energy

future

and

serves

as

the

principal

platform

for

international

co-operation,a

centre

of

excellence,

and

a

repository

of

policy,

technology,

resource

and

financial

knowledge

on

renewableenergy.

IRENA

promotes

the

widespread

adoption

and

sustainable

use

of

all

forms

of

renewable

energy,

includingbioenergy,

geothermal,

hydropower,

ocean,

solar

and

wind

energy,

in

the

pursuit

of

sustainable

development,energy

access,

energy

security

and

low-carbon

economic

growth

and

prosperity.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSUnder

the

guidance

of

Gurbuz

Gonul

and

Binu

Parthan,

this

report

was

authored

by

Elliot

Avilla

and

ThomasGottschalk

(Access

to

Energy

Institute)

with

support

from

Joong

Yeop

Lee,

Toyo

Kawabata

and

Margaret

Suh(IRENA).

The

report

benefited

greatly

from

valuable

input,

comments

and

review

from

Ute

Collier,

Amjad

Abdulla,Babucarr

Bittaye,

Gayathri

Nair,

Karanpreet

Kaur,

Paul

Komor

(IRENA),

Divyam

Nagpal

(ex-IRENA),

Anobha

Gurung(Clean

Cooking

Alliance),

Gajanana

Hegde

(UNFCCC

Secretariat),

Mikael

Melin

(Sustainable

Energy

for

All/COP28),Caroline

Ochieng,

Nishant

Narayan

(Sustainable

Energy

for

All),

Simon

Batchelor

(Gamos,

Modern

Energy

CookingServices)

and

Verena

Brinkmann

(GIZ,

EnDev)For

further

information

or

to

provide

feedback:

publications@This

report

is

available

for

download:

/publicationsCover

photos:

©ARIJIT1604,

r.classen,

brizmaker,

Michael

Dechev/SDISCLAIMERThis

publication

and

the

material

herein

are

provided

“as

is”.All

reasonable

precautions

have

been

taken

bythe

International

Renewable

Energy

Agency

(IRENA).However,IRENA

does

not

provideawarranty

ofanykind,

either

expressed

or

implied,

and

theyaccept

no

responsibility

or

liability

foranyconsequenceofuse

ofthe

publication

or

material

herein.The

information

contained

herein

does

not

necessarily

represent

the

viewsofall

MembersofIRENA,

nor

is

it

an

endorsementofany

project,

product

or

serviceprovider.The

designations

employed

and

the

presentation

ofmaterial

herein

do

not

imply

the

expression

ofanyopinion

on

the

part

ofIRENA

regarding

the

legalstatus

of

any

country,

region,

city,

territory

or

area

or

of

its

authorities,

or

regarding

the

delimitation

of

frontiers

or

boundaries.RENEWABLES

-

BASEDELECTRIC

COOKINGClimate

commitments

and

financeCONTENTSFIGURES,

TABLES

AND

BOXES...............................................................................................5ABBREVIATIONS

...................................................................................................................7EXECUTIVE

SUMMARY

..........................................................................................................91

INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................151.1

Clean

cookingand

theenergytransition

..............................................................................151.2

Benefits

ofclean

cooking

........................................................................................................161.3

Unevenprogresstowardclean

cookingadoption................................................................171.4

Electriccookingforclimateaction.........................................................................................182

SITUATION

ANALYSIS

OF

ELECTRIC

COOKING

SOLUTIONS

.............................................202.1

Analysisofelectriccookinglandscape

in

countries............................................................

202.2

Reviewofelectricandclean

cookingcommitments...........................................................

292.3

Combined

analysisofelectriccookinglandscape

and

NDC

commitments.....................

382.4

Discussion

................................................................................................................................

423

FINANCING

THE

ELECTRIC

COOKING

TRANSITION

.......................................................443.1

Financiallandscape

forclean

cooking

................................................................................

443.2

Barriers

tofinance

...................................................................................................................

503.3

Opportunities

tosourcefinance

forelectriccooking...........................................................

533.4

Strategyforincreasingfinance

forelectriccooking.............................................................

594

WAY

FORWARD:

TRANSITIONING

TO

INCREASE

ELECTRIC

COOKING

...........................684.1

Overviewofkey

findings

.........................................................................................................

684.2

Actionplans

forscalingupelectriccooking

........................................................................

70REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................77APPENDIX

A:

LIST

OF

IRENA

MEMBERS

INCLUDED

IN

ANALYSIS

........................................83APPENDIX

B:

COUNTRY

ASSESSMENT

DETAILS

..................................................................84APPENDIX

C:

COUNTRY

PROFILES

ON

ELECTRIC

COOKING

.............................................984

|RENEWABLES-BASED

ELECTRIC

COOKING:

CLIMATECOMMITMENTS

AND

FINANCEFIGURESFigure

1

National-level

estimates

for

access

to

clean

cooking,

2021

...........................................................

1

7Figure

2

Population

without

access

to

clean

cooking,

2000-2021

................................................................

1

8Figure

3

Population

with

access

to

electricity

and

access

to

electric

cooking,

2020

.............................

22Figure

4

Electric

cooking

in

South

Africa,

by

expenditure

decile..................................................................

25Figure

5

Market

potential

for

electric

cooking

among

countries...................................................................

27Figure

6

Combined

analysis

of

cooking-related

climate

commitments

and

access

variables,

2020

..

39Figure

7

Combinedanalysisofcooking-relatedclimatecommitmentsandmarket-relatedvariables

........................................................................................................................................................

41Figure

8

Barriers

to

finance

for

electric

cooking

...............................................................................................

50Figure

9

Exampleofaddingrenewableenergycapacitytoagridwithahighpercentageofnon-renewable

energy

........................................................................................................................................

56Figure

10

CostcomparisonofcharcoalforcookingandelectricityfordomesticusesinKenya,

2018

..................................................................................................................................................

57Figure

11

Present-dayandforecastedestimatesofcarbonpricingonvoluntaryandcompliancemarkets

..........................................................................................................................................................

59Figure

12

TA

requirements

by

clean

cooking

companies

...................................................................................

64TABLE

STable

S1

Strategy

for

increasing

finance

for

electric

cooking.........................................................................

1

2Table

S2

Outline

of

action

plans

per

market

potential

......................................................................................

1

3Table

S3

High-potential

countries

for

support

on

electric

cooking

climate

action...................................

1

4Table

1Table

2Table

3Table

4Table

5SDG

7

indicators...........................................................................................................................................

1

5Lenses

for

viewing

progress

toward

electric

cooking......................................................................

20Access-related

variables

............................................................................................................................

21Market-related

variables.............................................................................................................................

26OverviewofcleanandelectriccookingcommitmentsinNDCsandLong-TermStrategies

......................................................................................................................................................

30Table

6Table

7Table

8Table

9Countries

with

electric

cooking

in

their

NDCs

or

Long-Term

Strategies

....................................

30Examples

of

targets

for

electric

cooking

in

NDCs

and

Long-Term

Strategies

.........................

31Cooking

targets

in

Uganda’s

2022

NDC

...............................................................................................

32Cooking

projections

in

Fiji’s

Low

Emission

Development

Strategy

scenario

............................

34Table

10

Countries

with

other

forms

of

cooking

in

their

NDCs

or

Long-Term

Strategies......................

35Table

11

Examples

of

targets

for

clean

cooking

in

NDCs

and

Long-Term

Strategies

.............................

36Table

12

Countrieswithelectriccookingpoliciesthatincludedotherformsofcleancookingin

their

NDCs

or

Long-Term

Strategies.................................................................................................

37RENEWABLES-BASED

ELECTRIC

COOKING:

CLIMATECOMMITMENTS

AND

FINANCE

|

5Table

13

Tracked

clean

cooking

finance

commitments

in

HICs

......................................................................

45Table

14

Overview

of

clean

cooking

grant

commitments

in

2

01

9.................................................................

47Table

15

Comparisonoffinancecommitmentsandaccessdeficitsforelectricityandcooking,

2

01

9................................................................................................................................................47Table

16

Recent

initiatives

in

the

clean

cooking

finance

..................................................................................

49Table

17

Three

opportunities

to

source

finance

..................................................................................................

53Table

18

Estimates

regarding

electric

cooking

adoption

in

high-priority

market

segments.................

58Table

19

Strategy

for

increasing

finance

for

electric

cooking.........................................................................

60Table

20

Grouping

of

countries

...............................................................................................................................

71Table

21

High-potential

countries

for

support

on

electric

cooking

climate

action...................................

73Table

B1

Groupings

of

countries

based

on

access-related

variables

...........................................................

84Table

B2

Groupings

of

countries

based

on

market-related

variables............................................................

85Table

B3

Countries

with

electric

cooking

in

their

NDCs....................................................................................

87Table

B4

Countries

with

electric

cooking

in

their

Long-Term

Strategies

.....................................................

88Table

B5

Countries

with

other

cooking

fuels

in

their

NDCs

.............................................................................

88Table

B6

Countries

with

other

cooking

fuels

in

their

Long-Term

Strategies...............................................

91Table

B7

Countries

with

electric

cooking

in

their

NDCs

and

Long-Term

Strategies

...............................

92Table

B8

Countries

with

other

forms

of

clean

cooking

in

their

NDCs

or

Long-Term

Strategies...........

93Table

B9

Countries

with

electric

cooking

in

their

NDCs

and

Long-Term

Strategies

...............................

95Table

B10

Countries

with

cooking

in

their

NDCs

or

Long-Term

Strategies

...................................................96Table

C1

List

of

countries

profiled............................................................................................................................

98Table

C2

Sources

for

country

profiles

.....................................................................................................................

98BOXE

SBox

1Box

2Box

3Box

4Box

5Box

6Box

7Box

8Box

9Box

10Box

11Box

12India’s

new

electric

cooking

technology

Surya

Nutan..................................................................

24Electric

cooking

in

South

Africa..............................................................................................................

25MECS

Global

Market

Assessment

for

electric

cooking.....................................................................

29Uganda’s

NDC

...............................................................................................................................................

32Fiji’s

NDC

and

Long-Term

Strategy

........................................................................................................

33Defining

terms

for

discussions

of

finance

............................................................................................

46Energy

Access

and

Quality

Improvement

Project

(EAQIP)

in

Rwanda

......................................

55Integrated

energy

plan

in

Malawi

and

Nigeria....................................................................................

55MECS’

national

strategies

for

electric

cooking...................................................................................

62Supporting

women

entrepreneurs

with

fundraising

.........................................................................

65Scaling

electric

cooking

in

Nepal............................................................................................................

65IRENA’s

support

for

project

and

investment

facilitation

.................................................................

666

|RENEWABLES-BASED

ELECTRIC

COOKING:

CLIMATECOMMITMENTS

AND

FINANCEABBREVIATIONSAFOLUBAR-HAPBAUagriculture,

forestry

and

other

land

useBenefits

of

Action

to

Reduce

Household

Air

Pollutionbusiness

as

usual°Cdegree

CelsiusC-NDCCCAco-operative

NDC

implementation

scenarioClean

Cooking

AllianceCICCooking

Industry

CatalystCIPClimate

Investment

Platform

(IRENA)carbon

dioxide

equivalentCO

eq2COP

26COP

28DFI26th

UN

Climate

Change

Committee

of

Parties28th

UN

Climate

Change

Committee

of

Partiesdirect

foreign

investmentE-NDCEAQIPEASPEnDevEPCenhanced

ambition

scenarioEnergy

Access

and

Quality

Improvement

Project

(Rwanda)Energy

Access

Scale-up

Project

(Uganda)Energising

Developmentelectric

pressure

cookerESMAPETAFEUREnergy

Sector

Management

Assistance

ProgramEnergy

Transition

Accelerator

Financing

(IRENA)euroGBPUnited

Kingdom

poundsGCFGreen

Climate

FundGEAPPGeCAGeCCOGHGGlobal

Energy

Alliance

for

People

and

PlanetGlobal

eCooking

AcceleratorGlobal

Electric

Cooking

Coalitiongreenhouse

gasGMAGNIGlobal

Market

Assessmentgross

national

incomeGtgigatonneHIChigh

impact

countryIEPintegrated

energy

planningIndian

rupeeINRRENEWABLES-BASED

ELECTRIC

COOKING:

CLIMATECOMMITMENTS

AND

FINANCE

|

7IOCIndian

Oil

CorporationIRENAITMOSJETPKESInternational

Renewable

Energy

Agencyinternationally

transferred

mitigation

outcomeJust

Energy

Transition

PartnershipKenyan

shillingkgkilogrammekWhLDCkilowatt

hourleast

developed

countryLow

Emission

Development

Strategy

(Fiji)last-mile

distributionLEDSLMDLong-Term

StrategyLPGLong-Term

Low

Emissions

Development

Strategyliquified

petroleum

gasMCFAMECSMtModern

Cooking

Facility

for

AfricaModern

Energy

Cooking

ServicesMegatonneMTFMulti-Tiered

FrameworkmegawattMWNDCOEMPAYGORBFNationally

Determined

Contributionoriginal

equipment

manufacturerpay-as-you-goresults-based

financingSDGSustainable

Development

GoalSustainable

Energy

for

AllSwedish

International

Development

Agencysmall

and

medium-sized

enterprisestonneSEforAllSIDASMEtTAtechnical

assistanceTESthermal

energy

storageUEFUniversal

Energy

FacilityUnited

NationsUNUSAIDUSDUnited

States

Agency

for

International

DevelopmentUnited

States

dollarVATvalue

added

taxWwattWETOWHOWorld

Energy

Transitions

OutlookWorld

Health

Organization8

|RENEWABLES-BASED

ELECTRIC

COOKING:

CLIMATECOMMITMENTS

AND

FINANCEEXECUTIVE

SUMMARYRENEWABLES-BASED

ELECTRIC

COOKINGGlobally,

around

2.3billion

people

lacked

access

to

clean

cooking

technologies

and

fuels

in

2023.

Despitesubstantial

gains

over

the

last

decade,

universal

access

to

clean

cooking

may

not

be

achieved

by

2030

atthe

current

rate

of

progress

(IEA

et

al.,

2023).

The

continued

use

of

polluting

fuels

and

inefficient

cookstovesresults

in

negative

environmental,

health

and

human

livelihood

externalities.Over

the

next

decades,

as

outlined

in

IRENA’s

World

Energy

Transitions

Outlook

(IRENA,

2023a),

the

world

willneed

to

accelerate

its

shift

to

renewable

cooking

solutions

in

alignment

with

the

2030

Agenda

for

SustainableDevelopment

Goals

and

Climate

Agenda.

This

will

involve

both

cleaner

bioenergy

solutions

(including

biogasand

bioethanol)

and

renewables-based

electric

cooking.

The

appropriate

mix

will

vary

from

context

to

context.Renewables-based

electric

cooking

is

one

of

the

cleanest

cooking

technologies,

essential

to

achieving

a

low-carbon

energy

transition

economy

and

minimising

greenhouse

gas

(GHG)

emissions

from

cooking,

whichcontribute

anestimated

2%of

global

emissions

(Floess

etal.,

2023;

World

Resource

Institute,

2021;

Ritchie,Roser

and

Rosado,

2020).

Analysis

has

shown

that

universal

adoption

of

electric

cooking

by

2040

couldreducecooking-relatedemissionsby

40%comparedto

2018levels

(Floesset

al.,2023).Achievingemissionreductions

requires

investments

into

renewable

energy

sources,

which

are

increasing

(IRENA,

2023a).

Basedoncurrent

generation

mixes,

nearlyall

countries

in

sub-Saharan

Africa

could

reduce

emissions

by

adoptingefficient

electric

cooking

devices.

The

International

Renewable

Energy

Agency

(IRENA)

World

EnergyTransitionsOutlook2021presentsa

pathway

that

limits

global

temperature

increases

to

1.5

degreesCelsius(°C)

and

calls

for

electric

cooking

to

account

for

85%

of

cooking

energy

by

2050

(IRENA,

2021).To

scale

up

electric

cooking

for

climate

action,

this

report

assessed

countries’

status

on

access

torenewables-based

electric

cooking

and

climate

commitments

to

understand

the

current

situation

andpriorities

on

electric

cooking.

Followingthat,

sincefinancing

is

one

ofthe

significant

issues

in

translating

thecountry’s

electric

cooking

targets

into

actual

action

on

the

ground,

the

report

further

looked

into

the

financiallandscape,

challenges

andsupportive

policies

to

address

the

challenges.

Lastly,

the

reportprovides

actionplansto

scaleupelectriccookingsolutionsfordifferentgroupsofcountriesbasedontheircurrentsituationof

electric

cooking

solutions.COUNTRY

ASSESSMENTThe

current

average

penetration

rate

of

electric

cooking

remains

low

at

8.9%

among

185

IRENA

membersand

states

in

accession

with

available

data.1

Analysis

of

the

cooking

energy

landscape

reveals

that

electriccooking

penetration

was

directly

correlated

with

the

level

of

electricity

access

in

the

country:

the

countrieswith

electric

cooking

rates

above

5%

have

often

shown

electricity

access

rates

above

97%.

However,

a

groupof

11

outlier

countries2

demonstrates

that

universal

electricity

access

is

not

a

prerequisite

for

electric

cooking1Countries

included

in

the

study

include

168

member

states,

the

European

Union,

15

states

in

accession

and

Lao

People’s

Democratic

Republic.

The

fulllist

of

countries

is

provided

in

Appendix

A.2The

11

countries

are

Botswana,

Eswatini,

Ethiopia,

Guatemala,

Honduras,

Lesotho,

Namibia,

Papua

New

Guinea,

South

Africa,

Zambia

and

Zimbabwe.Details

are

discussed

in

Chapter

2.RENEWABLES-BASED

ELECTRIC

COOKING:

CLIMATECOMMITMENTS

AND

FINANCE

|

9market

penetration.

Instead,

countries

canmake

progress

on

scaling

up

electric

cooking

concurrently

withscaling

up

electricity

access.

This

group

of

outliers

also

shows

that

the

affordability

of

electricity,

marketsize

anddevelopment

status

are

not

necessarily

barriers

to

beginning

a

transition

toward

electric

cooking.Although

these

affectthe

viability

of

electric

cooking,

many

countries

have

market

segments

that

are

ripeenough

to

begin

the

energy

transition

toward

electric

cooking.Only

a

handful

countries

that

were

assessed

have

already

incorporated

electric

cooking

into

theirclimate

commitments,

with

22

countries

including

electric

cooking

in

their

Nationally

DeterminedContributions

(NDCs)

or

Long-Term

Low

Emissions

Development

Strategies

(Long-Term

Strategies).

Thesecountries

include

nine

least

developed

countries

(LDCs)3

representing

a

diverse

cross-section

of

the

world

interms

of

current

accesslevels,

economicdevelopment

andgeography,

andencompassinga

broadrangeofperspectivesonhow

electriccookingwouldpenetrateinto

thefuelmixandwhetherit

shouldbepromotedalongside

or

considered

as

a

substitute

for

liquified

petroleum

gas

(LPG)

or

traditional

fuels.Commitments

toward

increasing

electric

cooking

adoption

took

many

forms,

with

most

countries

settingqualitative

targets

towards

promoting

electric

cooking.

The

role

of

electricity

in

the

mix

of

cooking

fuelswas

viewed

differently,

as

some

countries

targeted

electricity

to

displace

biomass

and

LPG,

while

othersconsidered

promoting

electric

cooking

alongside

improved

cookstoves

or

gas

stoves.

The

differences

inapproach

demonstrate

the

range

of

contexts

in

which

a

transition

toward

electric

cooking

can

take

place.Of

185

members

whose

NDCs

were

reviewed,

52

included

some

other

form

of

cooking

in

their

NDCs

andLong-Term

Strategies,

with

most

focusing

on

improved

cookstoves,

LPG,

biogas

and

sustainable

biomass.However,

the

majority

of

the

countries

reviewed

did

not

mention

cooking

in

their

NDCs

or

Long-TermStrategies.

While

some

climat

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