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RENEWABLES
-
BASEDELECTRIC
COOKINGClimate
commitments
and
finance©
IRENA
2023Unless
otherwise
stated,
material
in
this
publication
may
be
freely
used,
shared,
copied,
reproduced,
printed
and/orstored,
provided
that
appropriate
acknowledgement
is
given
of
IRENA
as
the
source
and
copyright
holder.
Materialinthispublicationthatisattributedto
thirdpartiesmaybesubjectto
separatetermsof
useandrestrictions,andappropriate
permissions
from
these
third
parties
may
need
to
be
secured
before
any
use
of
such
material.ISBN:
978-92-9260-569-8CITATIONIRENA
(2023),
Renewables-based
electriccooking:
Climate
commitments
andfinance,
International
RenewableEnergy
Agency,
Abu
Dhabi.ABOUT
IRENAThe
International
Renewable
Energy
Agency
(IRENA)
is
an
intergovernmental
organisation
that
supports
countriesin
their
transition
to
a
sustainable
energy
future
and
serves
as
the
principal
platform
for
international
co-operation,a
centre
of
excellence,
and
a
repository
of
policy,
technology,
resource
and
financial
knowledge
on
renewableenergy.
IRENA
promotes
the
widespread
adoption
and
sustainable
use
of
all
forms
of
renewable
energy,
includingbioenergy,
geothermal,
hydropower,
ocean,
solar
and
wind
energy,
in
the
pursuit
of
sustainable
development,energy
access,
energy
security
and
low-carbon
economic
growth
and
prosperity.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSUnder
the
guidance
of
Gurbuz
Gonul
and
Binu
Parthan,
this
report
was
authored
by
Elliot
Avilla
and
ThomasGottschalk
(Access
to
Energy
Institute)
with
support
from
Joong
Yeop
Lee,
Toyo
Kawabata
and
Margaret
Suh(IRENA).
The
report
benefited
greatly
from
valuable
input,
comments
and
review
from
Ute
Collier,
Amjad
Abdulla,Babucarr
Bittaye,
Gayathri
Nair,
Karanpreet
Kaur,
Paul
Komor
(IRENA),
Divyam
Nagpal
(ex-IRENA),
Anobha
Gurung(Clean
Cooking
Alliance),
Gajanana
Hegde
(UNFCCC
Secretariat),
Mikael
Melin
(Sustainable
Energy
for
All/COP28),Caroline
Ochieng,
Nishant
Narayan
(Sustainable
Energy
for
All),
Simon
Batchelor
(Gamos,
Modern
Energy
CookingServices)
and
Verena
Brinkmann
(GIZ,
EnDev)For
further
information
or
to
provide
feedback:
publications@This
report
is
available
for
download:
/publicationsCover
photos:
©ARIJIT1604,
r.classen,
brizmaker,
Michael
Dechev/SDISCLAIMERThis
publication
and
the
material
herein
are
provided
“as
is”.All
reasonable
precautions
have
been
taken
bythe
International
Renewable
Energy
Agency
(IRENA).However,IRENA
does
not
provideawarranty
ofanykind,
either
expressed
or
implied,
and
theyaccept
no
responsibility
or
liability
foranyconsequenceofuse
ofthe
publication
or
material
herein.The
information
contained
herein
does
not
necessarily
represent
the
viewsofall
MembersofIRENA,
nor
is
it
an
endorsementofany
project,
product
or
serviceprovider.The
designations
employed
and
the
presentation
ofmaterial
herein
do
not
imply
the
expression
ofanyopinion
on
the
part
ofIRENA
regarding
the
legalstatus
of
any
country,
region,
city,
territory
or
area
or
of
its
authorities,
or
regarding
the
delimitation
of
frontiers
or
boundaries.RENEWABLES
-
BASEDELECTRIC
COOKINGClimate
commitments
and
financeCONTENTSFIGURES,
TABLES
AND
BOXES...............................................................................................5ABBREVIATIONS
...................................................................................................................7EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
..........................................................................................................91
INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................151.1
Clean
cookingand
theenergytransition
..............................................................................151.2
Benefits
ofclean
cooking
........................................................................................................161.3
Unevenprogresstowardclean
cookingadoption................................................................171.4
Electriccookingforclimateaction.........................................................................................182
SITUATION
ANALYSIS
OF
ELECTRIC
COOKING
SOLUTIONS
.............................................202.1
Analysisofelectriccookinglandscape
in
countries............................................................
202.2
Reviewofelectricandclean
cookingcommitments...........................................................
292.3
Combined
analysisofelectriccookinglandscape
and
NDC
commitments.....................
382.4
Discussion
................................................................................................................................
423
FINANCING
THE
ELECTRIC
COOKING
TRANSITION
.......................................................443.1
Financiallandscape
forclean
cooking
................................................................................
443.2
Barriers
tofinance
...................................................................................................................
503.3
Opportunities
tosourcefinance
forelectriccooking...........................................................
533.4
Strategyforincreasingfinance
forelectriccooking.............................................................
594
WAY
FORWARD:
TRANSITIONING
TO
INCREASE
ELECTRIC
COOKING
...........................684.1
Overviewofkey
findings
.........................................................................................................
684.2
Actionplans
forscalingupelectriccooking
........................................................................
70REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................77APPENDIX
A:
LIST
OF
IRENA
MEMBERS
INCLUDED
IN
ANALYSIS
........................................83APPENDIX
B:
COUNTRY
ASSESSMENT
DETAILS
..................................................................84APPENDIX
C:
COUNTRY
PROFILES
ON
ELECTRIC
COOKING
.............................................984
|RENEWABLES-BASED
ELECTRIC
COOKING:
CLIMATECOMMITMENTS
AND
FINANCEFIGURESFigure
1
National-level
estimates
for
access
to
clean
cooking,
2021
...........................................................
1
7Figure
2
Population
without
access
to
clean
cooking,
2000-2021
................................................................
1
8Figure
3
Population
with
access
to
electricity
and
access
to
electric
cooking,
2020
.............................
22Figure
4
Electric
cooking
in
South
Africa,
by
expenditure
decile..................................................................
25Figure
5
Market
potential
for
electric
cooking
among
countries...................................................................
27Figure
6
Combined
analysis
of
cooking-related
climate
commitments
and
access
variables,
2020
..
39Figure
7
Combinedanalysisofcooking-relatedclimatecommitmentsandmarket-relatedvariables
........................................................................................................................................................
41Figure
8
Barriers
to
finance
for
electric
cooking
...............................................................................................
50Figure
9
Exampleofaddingrenewableenergycapacitytoagridwithahighpercentageofnon-renewable
energy
........................................................................................................................................
56Figure
10
CostcomparisonofcharcoalforcookingandelectricityfordomesticusesinKenya,
2018
..................................................................................................................................................
57Figure
11
Present-dayandforecastedestimatesofcarbonpricingonvoluntaryandcompliancemarkets
..........................................................................................................................................................
59Figure
12
TA
requirements
by
clean
cooking
companies
...................................................................................
64TABLE
STable
S1
Strategy
for
increasing
finance
for
electric
cooking.........................................................................
1
2Table
S2
Outline
of
action
plans
per
market
potential
......................................................................................
1
3Table
S3
High-potential
countries
for
support
on
electric
cooking
climate
action...................................
1
4Table
1Table
2Table
3Table
4Table
5SDG
7
indicators...........................................................................................................................................
1
5Lenses
for
viewing
progress
toward
electric
cooking......................................................................
20Access-related
variables
............................................................................................................................
21Market-related
variables.............................................................................................................................
26OverviewofcleanandelectriccookingcommitmentsinNDCsandLong-TermStrategies
......................................................................................................................................................
30Table
6Table
7Table
8Table
9Countries
with
electric
cooking
in
their
NDCs
or
Long-Term
Strategies
....................................
30Examples
of
targets
for
electric
cooking
in
NDCs
and
Long-Term
Strategies
.........................
31Cooking
targets
in
Uganda’s
2022
NDC
...............................................................................................
32Cooking
projections
in
Fiji’s
Low
Emission
Development
Strategy
scenario
............................
34Table
10
Countries
with
other
forms
of
cooking
in
their
NDCs
or
Long-Term
Strategies......................
35Table
11
Examples
of
targets
for
clean
cooking
in
NDCs
and
Long-Term
Strategies
.............................
36Table
12
Countrieswithelectriccookingpoliciesthatincludedotherformsofcleancookingin
their
NDCs
or
Long-Term
Strategies.................................................................................................
37RENEWABLES-BASED
ELECTRIC
COOKING:
CLIMATECOMMITMENTS
AND
FINANCE
|
5Table
13
Tracked
clean
cooking
finance
commitments
in
HICs
......................................................................
45Table
14
Overview
of
clean
cooking
grant
commitments
in
2
01
9.................................................................
47Table
15
Comparisonoffinancecommitmentsandaccessdeficitsforelectricityandcooking,
2
01
9................................................................................................................................................47Table
16
Recent
initiatives
in
the
clean
cooking
finance
..................................................................................
49Table
17
Three
opportunities
to
source
finance
..................................................................................................
53Table
18
Estimates
regarding
electric
cooking
adoption
in
high-priority
market
segments.................
58Table
19
Strategy
for
increasing
finance
for
electric
cooking.........................................................................
60Table
20
Grouping
of
countries
...............................................................................................................................
71Table
21
High-potential
countries
for
support
on
electric
cooking
climate
action...................................
73Table
B1
Groupings
of
countries
based
on
access-related
variables
...........................................................
84Table
B2
Groupings
of
countries
based
on
market-related
variables............................................................
85Table
B3
Countries
with
electric
cooking
in
their
NDCs....................................................................................
87Table
B4
Countries
with
electric
cooking
in
their
Long-Term
Strategies
.....................................................
88Table
B5
Countries
with
other
cooking
fuels
in
their
NDCs
.............................................................................
88Table
B6
Countries
with
other
cooking
fuels
in
their
Long-Term
Strategies...............................................
91Table
B7
Countries
with
electric
cooking
in
their
NDCs
and
Long-Term
Strategies
...............................
92Table
B8
Countries
with
other
forms
of
clean
cooking
in
their
NDCs
or
Long-Term
Strategies...........
93Table
B9
Countries
with
electric
cooking
in
their
NDCs
and
Long-Term
Strategies
...............................
95Table
B10
Countries
with
cooking
in
their
NDCs
or
Long-Term
Strategies
...................................................96Table
C1
List
of
countries
profiled............................................................................................................................
98Table
C2
Sources
for
country
profiles
.....................................................................................................................
98BOXE
SBox
1Box
2Box
3Box
4Box
5Box
6Box
7Box
8Box
9Box
10Box
11Box
12India’s
new
electric
cooking
technology
–
Surya
Nutan..................................................................
24Electric
cooking
in
South
Africa..............................................................................................................
25MECS
Global
Market
Assessment
for
electric
cooking.....................................................................
29Uganda’s
NDC
...............................................................................................................................................
32Fiji’s
NDC
and
Long-Term
Strategy
........................................................................................................
33Defining
terms
for
discussions
of
finance
............................................................................................
46Energy
Access
and
Quality
Improvement
Project
(EAQIP)
in
Rwanda
......................................
55Integrated
energy
plan
in
Malawi
and
Nigeria....................................................................................
55MECS’
national
strategies
for
electric
cooking...................................................................................
62Supporting
women
entrepreneurs
with
fundraising
.........................................................................
65Scaling
electric
cooking
in
Nepal............................................................................................................
65IRENA’s
support
for
project
and
investment
facilitation
.................................................................
666
|RENEWABLES-BASED
ELECTRIC
COOKING:
CLIMATECOMMITMENTS
AND
FINANCEABBREVIATIONSAFOLUBAR-HAPBAUagriculture,
forestry
and
other
land
useBenefits
of
Action
to
Reduce
Household
Air
Pollutionbusiness
as
usual°Cdegree
CelsiusC-NDCCCAco-operative
NDC
implementation
scenarioClean
Cooking
AllianceCICCooking
Industry
CatalystCIPClimate
Investment
Platform
(IRENA)carbon
dioxide
equivalentCO
eq2COP
26COP
28DFI26th
UN
Climate
Change
Committee
of
Parties28th
UN
Climate
Change
Committee
of
Partiesdirect
foreign
investmentE-NDCEAQIPEASPEnDevEPCenhanced
ambition
scenarioEnergy
Access
and
Quality
Improvement
Project
(Rwanda)Energy
Access
Scale-up
Project
(Uganda)Energising
Developmentelectric
pressure
cookerESMAPETAFEUREnergy
Sector
Management
Assistance
ProgramEnergy
Transition
Accelerator
Financing
(IRENA)euroGBPUnited
Kingdom
poundsGCFGreen
Climate
FundGEAPPGeCAGeCCOGHGGlobal
Energy
Alliance
for
People
and
PlanetGlobal
eCooking
AcceleratorGlobal
Electric
Cooking
Coalitiongreenhouse
gasGMAGNIGlobal
Market
Assessmentgross
national
incomeGtgigatonneHIChigh
impact
countryIEPintegrated
energy
planningIndian
rupeeINRRENEWABLES-BASED
ELECTRIC
COOKING:
CLIMATECOMMITMENTS
AND
FINANCE
|
7IOCIndian
Oil
CorporationIRENAITMOSJETPKESInternational
Renewable
Energy
Agencyinternationally
transferred
mitigation
outcomeJust
Energy
Transition
PartnershipKenyan
shillingkgkilogrammekWhLDCkilowatt
hourleast
developed
countryLow
Emission
Development
Strategy
(Fiji)last-mile
distributionLEDSLMDLong-Term
StrategyLPGLong-Term
Low
Emissions
Development
Strategyliquified
petroleum
gasMCFAMECSMtModern
Cooking
Facility
for
AfricaModern
Energy
Cooking
ServicesMegatonneMTFMulti-Tiered
FrameworkmegawattMWNDCOEMPAYGORBFNationally
Determined
Contributionoriginal
equipment
manufacturerpay-as-you-goresults-based
financingSDGSustainable
Development
GoalSustainable
Energy
for
AllSwedish
International
Development
Agencysmall
and
medium-sized
enterprisestonneSEforAllSIDASMEtTAtechnical
assistanceTESthermal
energy
storageUEFUniversal
Energy
FacilityUnited
NationsUNUSAIDUSDUnited
States
Agency
for
International
DevelopmentUnited
States
dollarVATvalue
added
taxWwattWETOWHOWorld
Energy
Transitions
OutlookWorld
Health
Organization8
|RENEWABLES-BASED
ELECTRIC
COOKING:
CLIMATECOMMITMENTS
AND
FINANCEEXECUTIVE
SUMMARYRENEWABLES-BASED
ELECTRIC
COOKINGGlobally,
around
2.3billion
people
lacked
access
to
clean
cooking
technologies
and
fuels
in
2023.
Despitesubstantial
gains
over
the
last
decade,
universal
access
to
clean
cooking
may
not
be
achieved
by
2030
atthe
current
rate
of
progress
(IEA
et
al.,
2023).
The
continued
use
of
polluting
fuels
and
inefficient
cookstovesresults
in
negative
environmental,
health
and
human
livelihood
externalities.Over
the
next
decades,
as
outlined
in
IRENA’s
World
Energy
Transitions
Outlook
(IRENA,
2023a),
the
world
willneed
to
accelerate
its
shift
to
renewable
cooking
solutions
in
alignment
with
the
2030
Agenda
for
SustainableDevelopment
Goals
and
Climate
Agenda.
This
will
involve
both
cleaner
bioenergy
solutions
(including
biogasand
bioethanol)
and
renewables-based
electric
cooking.
The
appropriate
mix
will
vary
from
context
to
context.Renewables-based
electric
cooking
is
one
of
the
cleanest
cooking
technologies,
essential
to
achieving
a
low-carbon
energy
transition
economy
and
minimising
greenhouse
gas
(GHG)
emissions
from
cooking,
whichcontribute
anestimated
2%of
global
emissions
(Floess
etal.,
2023;
World
Resource
Institute,
2021;
Ritchie,Roser
and
Rosado,
2020).
Analysis
has
shown
that
universal
adoption
of
electric
cooking
by
2040
couldreducecooking-relatedemissionsby
40%comparedto
2018levels
(Floesset
al.,2023).Achievingemissionreductions
requires
investments
into
renewable
energy
sources,
which
are
increasing
(IRENA,
2023a).
Basedoncurrent
generation
mixes,
nearlyall
countries
in
sub-Saharan
Africa
could
reduce
emissions
by
adoptingefficient
electric
cooking
devices.
The
International
Renewable
Energy
Agency
(IRENA)
World
EnergyTransitionsOutlook2021presentsa
pathway
that
limits
global
temperature
increases
to
1.5
degreesCelsius(°C)
and
calls
for
electric
cooking
to
account
for
85%
of
cooking
energy
by
2050
(IRENA,
2021).To
scale
up
electric
cooking
for
climate
action,
this
report
assessed
countries’
status
on
access
torenewables-based
electric
cooking
and
climate
commitments
to
understand
the
current
situation
andpriorities
on
electric
cooking.
Followingthat,
sincefinancing
is
one
ofthe
significant
issues
in
translating
thecountry’s
electric
cooking
targets
into
actual
action
on
the
ground,
the
report
further
looked
into
the
financiallandscape,
challenges
andsupportive
policies
to
address
the
challenges.
Lastly,
the
reportprovides
actionplansto
scaleupelectriccookingsolutionsfordifferentgroupsofcountriesbasedontheircurrentsituationof
electric
cooking
solutions.COUNTRY
ASSESSMENTThe
current
average
penetration
rate
of
electric
cooking
remains
low
at
8.9%
among
185
IRENA
membersand
states
in
accession
with
available
data.1
Analysis
of
the
cooking
energy
landscape
reveals
that
electriccooking
penetration
was
directly
correlated
with
the
level
of
electricity
access
in
the
country:
the
countrieswith
electric
cooking
rates
above
5%
have
often
shown
electricity
access
rates
above
97%.
However,
a
groupof
11
outlier
countries2
demonstrates
that
universal
electricity
access
is
not
a
prerequisite
for
electric
cooking1Countries
included
in
the
study
include
168
member
states,
the
European
Union,
15
states
in
accession
and
Lao
People’s
Democratic
Republic.
The
fulllist
of
countries
is
provided
in
Appendix
A.2The
11
countries
are
Botswana,
Eswatini,
Ethiopia,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Lesotho,
Namibia,
Papua
New
Guinea,
South
Africa,
Zambia
and
Zimbabwe.Details
are
discussed
in
Chapter
2.RENEWABLES-BASED
ELECTRIC
COOKING:
CLIMATECOMMITMENTS
AND
FINANCE
|
9market
penetration.
Instead,
countries
canmake
progress
on
scaling
up
electric
cooking
concurrently
withscaling
up
electricity
access.
This
group
of
outliers
also
shows
that
the
affordability
of
electricity,
marketsize
anddevelopment
status
are
not
necessarily
barriers
to
beginning
a
transition
toward
electric
cooking.Although
these
affectthe
viability
of
electric
cooking,
many
countries
have
market
segments
that
are
ripeenough
to
begin
the
energy
transition
toward
electric
cooking.Only
a
handful
countries
that
were
assessed
have
already
incorporated
electric
cooking
into
theirclimate
commitments,
with
22
countries
including
electric
cooking
in
their
Nationally
DeterminedContributions
(NDCs)
or
Long-Term
Low
Emissions
Development
Strategies
(Long-Term
Strategies).
Thesecountries
include
nine
least
developed
countries
(LDCs)3
representing
a
diverse
cross-section
of
the
world
interms
of
current
accesslevels,
economicdevelopment
andgeography,
andencompassinga
broadrangeofperspectivesonhow
electriccookingwouldpenetrateinto
thefuelmixandwhetherit
shouldbepromotedalongside
or
considered
as
a
substitute
for
liquified
petroleum
gas
(LPG)
or
traditional
fuels.Commitments
toward
increasing
electric
cooking
adoption
took
many
forms,
with
most
countries
settingqualitative
targets
towards
promoting
electric
cooking.
The
role
of
electricity
in
the
mix
of
cooking
fuelswas
viewed
differently,
as
some
countries
targeted
electricity
to
displace
biomass
and
LPG,
while
othersconsidered
promoting
electric
cooking
alongside
improved
cookstoves
or
gas
stoves.
The
differences
inapproach
demonstrate
the
range
of
contexts
in
which
a
transition
toward
electric
cooking
can
take
place.Of
185
members
whose
NDCs
were
reviewed,
52
included
some
other
form
of
cooking
in
their
NDCs
andLong-Term
Strategies,
with
most
focusing
on
improved
cookstoves,
LPG,
biogas
and
sustainable
biomass.However,
the
majority
of
the
countries
reviewed
did
not
mention
cooking
in
their
NDCs
or
Long-TermStrategies.
While
some
climat
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