Unit6 Using language 词汇精讲课堂

词汇课堂Awordisamicrocosmofhumanconsciousness.—Vygotsky教材版本：新外研册别单元：必修一Unit6(Usinglanguage)本单元词汇梳理1.replace：re-+place(v)，重新放置→替代

词块：replace…with/by；派生词：replacement2.material：一词多义，基本义：材料词块：readingmaterial3.mineral：来自mine(n矿)

词块：mineralwater4.consumer：consume(v

消费)+-er5.priority：来自prior(adj

优先的)；词块：atoppriority6.beauty：抽象名词，具体化：指“美人”“美好的事物”时可数

词族：beauty,beautiful,beautify7.barrier：一词多义，基本义“障碍”词块：thebarrierbetween...and…,languagebarrier8.structure：来自词根struct(build建造)

同根词：construct,instruct9.living：adj

反义词dead词块：livingthings,livinglanguage,theliving

名词词块：make/earnaliving,doforaliving,10.organism：organise+-ism11.observatory：来自observe12.basin：词源：中世纪时，法兰克国王查理曼麾下骑士都戴一种锥形金属头盔(bacin)，实际上是一个“戴在头上的碗”。英语借用了该词后，它的形式演变为basin，用以指“(脸)盆”或“汤盆”。

13.grand：一词多义，基本义“大的”词块：theGrandCanyon,theGrandHotel/Theatre,thegrandprize14.narrow：反义词wide,broad一词多义，基本义：狭窄的隐喻：具体的“狭窄的”到指人心胸、视野“狭隘的”词块：anarrowvictory/escape形容词动词化，词块：narrowthegenerationgap

15.platform：一词多义，基本义“平(的)台”16.waterfall：water+fall

17.thunder：名词动词化：轰隆隆地快速移动18.channel：一词多义：海峡；频道；途径/渠道词块：theEnglishChannel

/theChannelTunnel,change/switchchannels19.desert：vde-(undo去掉)+serere(jointogether加入)→不加入→离开→抛弃；离弃n沙漠n和v发音不同20.sail：词块：setsail(for),sailaroundtheworld

派生词：sailing,sailor21.climate：词块：climatechange隐喻：具体的“气候”到抽象的“风气；环境气氛”22.inside：in+side

反义词：outsidematerialnarrowbeauty名词动词化重难点词精讲replace抽象名词具体化搭配义一词多义一词多义形容词动词化

把……放回原处：Replacethemagazinesafterreading.

取代；接替；更换：Personally,Ithinkstoreshoppingwillexistalongwithonlineshoppingbutwillneverbereplaced.

2011安徽改ThestudentunionwillholdaspecialmeetinginJanuarytohiresomeonetoreplacethesecretary.

人教新必修③

–2We’dbehappytoreplacetheradioforyou.

replace...with/by用……替换：Theyreplacedtheirbelovedoldcarswithexpensivenewsportscars.2015浙江replacevt词源解读：replace由re-+place(v)构成，恢复到以前的位置→“把……放回原处”►

replacementn[U]更换；更替；[C]替换的人/物：Talkingonlineisnoreplacementforface-to-facecontact.北师大新必修②

–4词汇拓展material

基本义——材料■n

[C]&[U]

[常用复数]材料；原料：reading/teachingmaterialsHeisagoodsoldier,butnotreallyofficermaterial.

[C]&[U]布料：curtainmaterial

[U]素材：She’scollectingmaterialforherlatestnovel.

■adj

[只用于名词前]物质的；物质上的词汇拓展

materiallyadv物质上narrow

■

adj

(宽度等)

狭窄的

反

wide：Aswesetout,Iwasshockedathownarrowthepathwas.2008

陕西

(心胸、视野等)

狭隘的

/狭窄的反broad：narrow-minded

Shehasaverynarrowviewoftheworld.

[常用于名词前]勉强的；好不容易的：anarrowvictory

■

vt&vi

(使)变窄；(使)变小：Hehadtonarrowhiseyesinthestronglightofthesun.

Thegorgenarrowsto350feetastheriverrushesthroughthetwo-mile-highmountains.narrowthegenerationgap

词汇拓展narrowlyadv

勉强地；差点儿

(没)形容词动词化desert■n

[C]&[U]沙漠；荒原■vt

遗弃；抛弃；放弃(abandon)：AlawwaspassedinItalythatgivespeoplewhodesertpetsbigfinesandprisonsentences.

(感觉、品质、技艺等)

背离；舍弃：Mike’sconfidenceseemedtohavedesertedhim.

词汇拓展desertedadj被舍弃的；被遗弃的(abandoned)；无人居住的：adesertedvillage

[U]美；美丽：thebeautyofthesunsetinnerbeautybeautyproducts

[C]美人；美好的事物：Heregardedhiswifeasabeauty.Photosrecordthebeautiesofnature.2008陕西beautyn

抽象名词具体化不可数的抽象名词可用来表示可数的人或物，即“抽象名词具体化”。此时，名词的数和词义都发生变化。表示抽象的概念时，前面不用冠词；表示具体的一个人或一件事时，前面通常用不定冠词。抽象名词具体化单词不可数名词可数名词pleasure快乐；娱乐乐事；乐趣pride自豪；骄傲令人自豪的人/事物danger危险；风险危险的人/物shock(精神上的)震惊令人震惊的事charity慈善(事业)慈善机构/团体mystery神秘神秘的人/事物comfort安慰令人感到安慰的人/事物抽象名词具体化说出下列句子中划线单词精准的汉语释义。frostThewindowswerecoveredwithheavyfrost.Thewindowshadfrostedover.霜（名词）结霜（动词）名词动词化thunderHediedinastormwiththunderandlightning.Itthunderedafewtimes,butnorainfell.雷（名词）打雷（动词）说出下列句子中划线单词精准的汉语释义。rainTherewillberainshowersintheeast.Ithadbeenraininghardallnight.雨下雨常见“天气类”名词动词化cloudTheskywasaperfectblue—notacloudinsight.Ann’seyescloudedwiththepain.显得阴沉云snowIcouldseefootprintsinthesnow.Itstartedsnowingaroundfive.下雪雪iceThepondwascoverediniceallwinter.Schoolswereclosedwhentheroadsicedover.结冰冰

英语中有很多名词可转化为动词，常表示具有该名词的活动特点或性质特征的动作。例如，表示天气的名词常可转化为动词。随堂检测1.Teacherswillnever__________(replace)bycomputersintheclassroom.2.Itisstillunderdiscussionwhethertheoldbusstationshouldbereplaced__________amodernhotelornot.(2011重庆)3.Alltheoldchairsneed__________(replace). 4.Samjustannouncedhewasleaving,butthecoachhasalreadystartedlookingaroundfora____________(replace). 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。replacebereplacedwith/byreplacingreplacement1.Theballismadeofaspecialmaterial.(2013湖南) __________2.Thecompanyproducesitsowntrainingmaterial. __________3.Thewriteriscolle