Unit6 Starting out - Using language 词汇精讲课堂

词汇课堂版本：新外研单元：必修二Unit6(Startingout—Usinglanguage)本单元词汇梳理1.shark：音译词“鲨鱼”2.scare：近义词：frighten；派生词：scary,scared(分词形容词)

词块：scare…away/off3.dueto=becauseof4.dive：一词多义：基本义“向下冲”

隐喻：具体的“跳水”→抽象的“冲向；俯冲”

词块：diveinto,godiving；派生词：diver5.target：隐喻：具体的“靶子（目标）”→抽象的“目标（靶子）”词块：setatarget,achieve/realiseone’starget,targetaudience

名词动词化：betargetedat6.fortunately：fortunate+-ly；同义词luckily，句子副词词族：fortune,fortunate,fortunately,unfortunate,unfortunately7.extinction：extinct(adj灭绝的)+-tion

词块：beindangerof/beontheedgeofextinction8.attitude：精准的汉语释义“态度”词块：agood/bad/positive/negativeattitudetowards/tosth9.devote：由de-

(表示强调)+-vote

(tovow说、发愿)构成。词源义是“发下宏愿”，引申为“致力于”“献身于”。词块：devoteoneselfto,devote…to10.ocean：英式英语用sea，美式英语用ocean11.highlight：high+light，原为绘画术语，即最明亮的部分，后引申为“做标记、强调”12.cruelty：cruel(adj

残忍的)+-y(名词后缀)13.hunting：hunt(v

打猎)+-ing；

词块：gohunting词族：hunt,hunter,hunting14.presentation：present+-ation；

词块：giveapresentation15.reserve：re-(back回)+-servare(protect保护)

同根词：observe(必修一U3)

词块：reservetherighttodosth,reservearoom,oilreserves,awildlifereserve

派生词：reservation

(makeareservation)16.staff：精准的汉语释义“全体职工”，作主语时谓语动词用复数17.establish：近义词：setup,open,found(found更强调注入资金)

词块：establishoneselfas

派生词：established

(anestablishedcompany老牌公司)18.damage：精准的汉语释义“损害；损坏”词块：cause/dodamageto19.flood：隐喻：具体的“洪水”→抽象的“大量/大批”名词动词化（基本义“像洪水一样涌入”）20.affect：基本义“影响”；熟词生义：使感动；使感染(疾病)21.supply：n词块：school/medicalsupplies,supplyanddemand,theelectricitysupply；v词块：supplysthtosb/supplysbwithsth22.restore：re-(back回)+store(储存)→重新放回储存→恢复、修复23.adopt：ad(to去)+opt(选择)→选择然后采用→采纳→选择后领走→收养

同根词：option(必修一U3)；派生词：adopted24.sustainable：sustain(v

维持)+-able→可持续的

词块：sustainabledevelopment25.bulb：词块：a60-wattbulb,energy-saving/energy-efficientbulbs26.renewable：re-+new+-able；词块：renewableenergy/resources27.carbon：词块：carbondioxide(CO2),low-carbonlifestyle28.greenhouse：green+house；词块：greenhouseeffect29.reusable：re+use+-able30.brochure：词源：来自于法语broch(缝合)+-ure(名词后缀)→缝合在一起的物品→册子31.reduce：re-(back向后)+-duc(bring,lead带)→带回→减少词块：reducefrom…to,reduceby32.solar：词块：solarenergy/power33.release：词源：re-+lease(loosen松开)，词源义和基本义为“放开；松开”；词块：releaseamovie34.smog：拼缀法：smoke+

fog，原用以指伦敦曾经被浓烟笼罩的情形35.fog：词块：heavy/thickfog；派生词：foggy36.severe：一词多义：基本义“严重的”(extremelybadorserious)

37.infection：infect(v

传染)+-tion38.lecture：词块：attend/gotoalecture,give/deliveralectureon/aboutsth

熟词生义：教训(givesbalectureaboutsth=lecturesbaboutsth)39.permission：permit

(v

允许)+-sion

词块：ask(for)permission,withoutpermission,permissiontodosth40.slide：一词多义：基本义“滑动”；名词“滑梯”

熟词生义：幻灯片reserve重难点词精讲辨析义一词多义releaseestablish一词多义affectdamage,destroy,ruin精准的汉语释义辨析义一词多义辨析义精准的汉语释义搭配义attitudedevote搭配义supply搭配义辨析义flood一词多义名词动词化reduce搭配义severe一词多义attitudeAttitudeiseverything.态度决定一切。韦恩·戴尔（WayneW.Dyer），1940年5月10日出生于美国密歇根底特律，美国深受欢迎的自助导师，畅销书作家与演讲大师、世界级心理学大师、全球激励与成长之父，是自我实现领域的国际知名作家和演讲家。他出版过37本畅销书，制作了许多广播节目和电视录像，而且在数千个电视和广播节目中做过嘉宾访谈。韦恩的影响力在美国乃至世界上都是不容忽视的，被无数喜欢他著作的读者尊称为“精神之父”。attitudeto/toward(s):Weshoulddevelopagoodattitudetolife.2008辽宁书面表达

姿势：Hekneltinanattitudeofprayer.attituden[C]&[U]

态度；看法：have/take/adoptapositiveattitude

Everythingdependsonpeople’sattitude./Attitudeiseverything.2014江西书面表达改devote华特•迪士尼（WaltDisney，1901年12月5日—1966年12月15日），出生于美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥，美国著名的动画大师、企业家、导演、制片人、编剧、配音演员、卡通设计者、举世闻名的迪士尼公司创始人。华特•迪士尼获得了56个奥斯卡奖提名和7个艾美奖，是世界上获得奥斯卡奖最多的人。一个人应该尽可能早地设定自己的目标，并且倾其精力和才能实现它。devotevt

把……用于；致力于；献身于：Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuildhomes.2016北京改Shedevoted

allherlifetomedicalworkforChinesewomenandchildren.devoteoneselfto

献身于；致力于；专心于：Ifyouhaveajob,dodevoteyourselftoitandfinallyyou’llsucceed.2010四川devote词源解读devote由de-（表示强调）+-vote（tovow，说、发愿）构成。词源义是“发下宏愿”，基本义是“把……用于”。【词汇拓展】devoted

adj挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的：Herson,to

whomshewassodevoted,wentabroadtenyearsago.devotionn

[U]献身；忠诚；热爱；专心：devotiontodutyIrespectedhisdevotiontoteaching.belostinfocusonbeabsorbedinbeinvolvedinbeengagedin写作同义异构：除了devoteoneselfto你还能想到哪些表示“专注于/致力于做某事”的表达？concentrateonIhave________________（订购）anewcomputerontheNet.I’dliketo________________（预订）atableforthreeforeighto’clock.bookorderedreserve

reservereserve词源解读reserve由re-“回（back）”和词根-servare“保护（protect）”构成。词源义和基本义是“保留（tosetaside,withhold）”。同根词：observe(必修一Unit3)

reservevt

保留；保存；储备：Theseseatsarereservedforspecialguests.Ifyouorderafterthat,wereservetherighttoeitheracceptorrejectorderrequests.I’llreservemyjudgmentuntilIfindalltheevidence.

预订(book)：reservearoom/ticketreserven

[C][常用复数]储备：oil/goldreserves

[C](野生动植物的)保护区：Thiscoastalareawasnamedanationalwildlifereservelastyear.【词汇拓展】

[C]&[U]保留；异议：Iacceptyourstatementwithoutreservation(=completely).

[C](旅馆房间、剧院座位等的)预订：I’llcalltherestauranttomakeareservation.reservationn“保留”事物“保留”位置保留；保存；储备预订reserve语义网络图reserve保留基本义储备(野生动植物的)保护区nv创业start/setupabusinessestablish

abusinessestablishvt

建立；创立；设立(setup)：establishcontact/arelationshipwithThecompanywasestablishedin1980.【辨析】establish公司、机构等（正式用语）setup

公司、机构等（日常用语）found公司、机构等（强调提供资金）open商店、餐馆、旅馆等（服务性质）

确立；立足；得到认可：By1909,PicassohadestablishedhimselfasapainterofgreattalentinParis.Bythe1920sthefilmindustrywaswellestablishedinHollywood,California.ThisnovelestablishedthereputationhestillenjoystodayasoneofAmerica’sgreatestwriters.►

establishedadj

已确立的；确定的：anestablishedfactanestablishedcompany分词形容词（表示动作已完成），如advanced,developed,learned等巴勃罗·毕加索（PabloPicasso，1881-1973），西班牙画家、雕塑家。是现代艺术的创始人，西方现代派绘画的主要代表，是当代西方最有创造性和影响最深远的艺术家之一。其代表作有《梦》(PortraitofD.M)，《和平鸽》(DoveofPeace)，《亚威农少女》(Avignongirl)等。文化拓展文化拓展——Hollywood在第一次世界大战之前以及之后的一段时间内，格里菲斯和卓别林等一些电影大师们为美国电影赢得了世界名誉，华尔街的大财团插手电影业。好莱坞电影城由此迅速形成并兴起，电影产业恰恰适应了美国在这一时期的经济飞速发展的需要，电影也进一步纳入经济机制，成为谋取利润的一部分，资本的雄厚，影片产量的增多，保证了美国电影市场在世界上的倾销。洛杉矶郊外的小村庄最终成为一个庞大的电影城，好莱坞也在无形中成为美国电影的代名词。好莱坞（Hollywood）位于美国西海岸加利福尼亚州（StateofCalifornia）洛杉矶郊外，是一个依山傍水，景色宜人的地方。最早是由摄影师寻找外景地时发现的，大约在20世纪初，这里便吸引了许多拍摄者，而后是一些为了逃避专利公司控制的小公司和独立制片商们纷纷涌来，逐渐形成了一个电影中心。辨析damage,destroy,ruindamage和destroy可谓是形影不离的好朋友，想表达“遭到破坏”到底用哪个词才对呢？我们先来看一篇学生习作。➊

[U]损害；损坏；损失harmorinjurycausedwhensthisbrokenorspoiled：

Hewashitbyacarandsufferedseriousbraindamage.

do/causedamagetoTheproblemisclear:manhasdonegreatdamagetohishomeovertheyears.

2008全国

[C][复数]

损害赔偿金：Hewasorderedtopaydamagesof$30,000.damagen

■损害；损坏：(名词动化）Don’tdamageyourhealthforagoodfigure.侧重“损”，可修复damagevt➊

毁坏；摧毁；毁掉todamagesthsobadlythatitcannolongerbeusedornolongerexists：Thebuildingwascompletelydestroyedbyfire.【温故】

消灭；杀死：Thedogattackedachildandhadtobedestroyed.侧重“毁”，无法修复destroy=de-(down)+struere(build)

破坏一栋建筑的结构意味着毁掉这栋建筑destroyvt(必修一Unit6)“被雨水毁了的头发”，用哪个词呢？Therainruinedmyhair.头发还在，只是“美好的发型”被毁了。在这里，理解英语释义也很重要。◆

destroy:

todamagesthsobadlythatitcannolongerbeusedornolongerexists◆

ruin:todamagesthsobadlythatitlosesallitsvalue,pleasure,etc.➊

糟蹋；(完全地)毁坏

todamagesthsobadlythatitlosesallitsvalue,pleasure,etc.：Don’tletasmalldisagreementruinyourfriendship.

使破产

tomakesbloseallhis/hermoney：Ifshelosesthecourtcaseitwillruinher.n➊

[U]毁灭；破产：theruinofcivilizationfinancialruin

[C][常用复数]废墟；遗迹；残余：theruinsofRomeruinvtinruins成废墟；严重受损：Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.文化拓展意大利的古罗马废墟

(theruinsofRome)，位于斗兽场之旁，是昔日古罗马帝国的中心，是现存世界最大面积的古罗马废墟。这座于公元72年由4万名战俘用8年时间建起来的巨大建筑，虽然毁坏严重，残破不堪，却是人类建筑史上的杰作。它的形状很像今天的体育场，近50米高的外围墙是用砖石砌成的三层石柱拱廊，周围有80个出入口，里面的阶梯式座位能同时容纳5.5万名观众。小结运用精准的汉语释义和英语释义区分damage,destroy和ruin。◆damage的名词和动词都侧重“损”，表示可修复，常和badly、seriously等副词搭配；◆

destroy侧重“毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和completely、entirely等副词搭配；◆

ruin侧重“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此物仍然存在。头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destroy）了，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。flood■n➊

[C]&[U]洪水；水灾：Theriverwasinflood.

Policehaveissuedfloodwarnings.

[C]大批；大量：floodsofrain

Asimpleclickcanbringusafloodofmusic,moviesandPCgames.2009江苏■v➊

vi&vt

(被)淹没；(使)泛滥：Heavyrainfallsfloodedthevillage.

vi

(洪水般地)涌进：Individuale-mailboxesaresometimesfloodedwithspame-mails.2010陕西改Whenwevisitedmyoldfamilyhome,memorycamefloodingback.2009辽宁►flooded

adj洪水泛滥的►flooding

n[U]水灾；洪水泛滥同义异构：pouraffect

影响toinfluencesb/sth：(基本义）Withthegovernment’said,those(whowere)affectedbytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.2009上海改affectvt

[常用于被动语态]

使感动；打动：Shewasdeeplyaffectedbythestory.=bemoved

使感染(疾病)

toattacksborapartofthebody;tomakesbbecomeill/sick：Diseasesaffectalmosteveryoneatsometimeduringtheirlives.affect

语义网络图影响affect基本义对精神的“影响”对身体的“影响”使感动；打动使感染(疾病)影响对人或物的“影响”词语辨析affect/effect

affect（动词）=tohaveaninfluenceonsb/sth；影响某人/某事：Doestelevisionaffectchildren’sbehaviour?

effect（名词）=result,influence；作用；影响：

Doestelevisionhaveaneffectonchildren’sbehaviour?

supply

watersupplygassupplyelectricitysupplysupply

■n

[C]供应量；补给量：Therewasaplentifulsupplyofcheaplabour.Waterisinshortsupply.

［复数］生活必需品；补给品：school/medical/reliefsupplies

[U]供应；供给：supplyanddemand

cutofftheelectricitysupply

■vt

供给；供应；提供：supplysthtosb/supplysbwithsth:Themediasupplieslotsofinformationtouseveryday.

辨析provide,offer,supply三者都有“供给、提供”的意思，但用法不同。provide指有远见，为应付意外、紧急情况等作好充分准备而“供给、提供”，常用providesthforsb或providesbwithsth结构。•TheRedCrossprovidesfoodandshelterfordisastervictims.

•Theprojectisdesignedtoprovideyoungpeoplewithwork.

offer

侧重表示“愿意给予”，常用offersbsth或offertodosth结构。•Sheofferedmearewardforthereturnofherlostmobilephone.

•Heofferedtogoinsteadofme.

supply

通常指定期“供应”，强调替代或补充所需物品，常用supplysbwithsth或supplysthtosb结构。•Thebutchersuppliesuswithmeat.零浪费5R

原则拒绝(refuse)你不需要的东西减少(reduce)需要的物品重复使用(reuse)现有的物品回收利用(recycle)无法使用的物品分解(rot)不可回收物品reducereducevt&vi缩减；减少：Thepricehasbeenreducedfrom$10to$8.Eatingjustonecarrotadaycanreducethepossibilityofgettingthisdiseaseby40%.2009陕西reduceto［常用于被动语态］使陷入（更坏的）境地；使沦落：Shewasreducedtotearsbytheircruelwords.Therelaymyhouse,reducedtoruins,smellyanddirty.【词汇拓展】reductionn[C]&[U]缩减；减少：strategiesfornoisereductionre-(back向后)+-duc(bring,lead带)→带回

→

减少

同义异构：cutreleaseMyPeopleMyHomeland（《我和我的家乡》）wasreleased

on1October,2020.Themovie’sticketsalesaddedupto2billionyuanonSaturday,just10daysafteritsrelease.

放开；松开

tostopholdingsth(letgo)：Don’treleasetherope.

释放；排放

toletsb/sthcomeoutofaplacewheretheyhavebeenkeptortrapped：releaseaprisonerThefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke,makingtheairdirty.releasevtrelease由re-+lease(loosen松开)构成，词源义及基本义为“放开；松开（letgo）”。

首映（电影）；发行（CD、书等）；发布（新闻等）：releaseamovie/newversion

发泄；宣泄：Physicalexerciseisagoodwayofreleasingstress.

解雇release

n

[U]［可用单数］放走；释放；排放；宣泄：areleasefromprisonthereleaseofhomingpigeons

[U]［可用单数］发行；发布：ThesoftwareisplannedforreleaseinApril.

[C]发行的影片等；发布的新闻等：thelatestrelease放开release（基本义）release

语义网络图放开某物的保密状态为公众所知放开某物放开被困的人或物放开；松开释放；排放首映（电影）；发行（CD、书等）；发布（新闻等）放开情感发泄；宣泄将某人从职务或责任中放开解雇nv放走；释放；排放；宣泄发行；发布发行的影片等；发布的新闻等放开release（基本义）severe

severeweather恶劣天气severewinter寒冬severepain剧痛severe

adj

严重的extremelybadorserious：severedamage/aseveredrought

严厉的；苛刻的：beseverewithoneself

严峻的；激烈的：aseverewinterseverecompetition词汇拓展►severelyadv严重地；严厉地：aseverelypollutedlakeAnyonebreakingthelawwillbeseverelypunished.问题、损害、疾病等“严重的”人对待事情的态度“严重的”环境或形势等“严重的”严重的严厉的；苛刻的严峻的；激烈的severe语义网络图严重的severe基本义本单元金句汇总1.Everythingdependsonpeople’sattitude./Attitudeiseverything.2.Weshoulddevelopagoodattitudetolife.3.Shedevoted

allherlifetomedicalworkforChinesewomenandchildren.4.Ifyouhaveajob,dodevoteyourselftoitandfinallyyou’llsucceed.5.Theproblemisclear:manhasdonegreatdamagetohishomeovertheyears.6.Whenwevisitedmyoldfamilyhome,memorycamefloodingback.随堂检测一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Ihadtochangemyattitudeabouttheirabilityandpotential.(2018天津) _______2.Happinessdoesn’tdependonanyexternalconditions.Itisgovernedbyourmentalattitude. _______3.Herhandswerefoldedinanattitudeofprayer. _______二、将下列句子译成英语。1.态度决定一切。_______________________________________________________2.你应该以积极的态度面对生活。(2009江西改)_______________________________________________________attitudeEverythingdependsonpeople’sattitude./Attitudeiseverything.Youshouldhave/take/holdapositiveattitudetowards/tolife.看法心态姿势devote一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Shedevotedherself

hercareer.2.Inreallifethestarofthefilmisa

(devote)husbandandfather.3.Her

(devote)tothejobleftherwithverylittlefreetime.二、根据所给汉语，完成句子。1.IfIbecomeateacher,Iwill

(全身心地投入)givingthemabettereducation.2.Hehas

(将一生奉献给)

worldpeace.

(2011陕西)3.Themeetingwill

(用于)healthandsafetyissues.4.He

(深爱着)

hisfamily.devotemyselftobedevotedtowasdevotedtodevotedhiswholelifetotodevoteddevotionreserve写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.IreservedaroominthenameofJones. ________2.Themanagementreservetherighttorefuseadmission.

________3.Thisareawasonceawildlifereservelastyear. ________4.Westillhavefoodreservesincaseofemergency. ________保护区保留权利预订粮食储备一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Ourgoalistoestablishanewresearchcentreinthenorth.__________2.He’dalreadybeguntoestablishareputationasajournalist.__________3.Hehasjustsetuphisownbusiness,butitwilltakehimawhiletogetestablished.__________二、根据汉语提示，完成下列句子。1.Thepurchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatan___________________(老牌公司)isbuyinganew-bornthreat(威胁).(2017江苏)2.Adog’seatinghabitrequiresregulartrainingbefore_____________________(正确建立).(2019天津)(itis)properlyestablishedestablishedcompanyestablish建立确立声誉站稳脚跟1.Thebuswasbadly______________whenithitthewall.2.Thebuildingwascompletely______________byfire.3.Itpouredwithrainandmydressgot______________.

4.Thisillnessshas_____________mylife.5.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwas_____________

andtheyhadnothing.(2012山东)6.Thehomelessshelterwasentirely_____________

inthehugeearthquake.一、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。ruindamagedestroydamageddestroyedruinedruineddestroyeddestroyeddamage,destroy,ruin写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobs.(2010福建) ___________2.Foodsuppliesintheflood-stricken

areaarerunningout.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’snoneleft.(2012重庆) ___________3.Theraincausedthestreetstofloodandthesubwaysystemalmostcametoastop.(2008山东) ___________4.Donationsbeganfloodingin

fromhundredsofpeople.(2017天津) ___________flood大量的/大批的洪水泛滥的地区被淹没大量涌入一、根据句意选出affect的最佳释义。__________1.Welchexaminedasickboy,Billy,andknewhehaddiphtheria,adeadlydiseasemainlyaffecting

children.(2016北京改)__________2.Withthegovernment’said,those

affected

bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.(2009上海改)__________3.Iwasdeeplyaffected

bythefilm.

影响

[常用于被动语态]使感动；打动

使感染(疾病)

affect二、选出适当的单词，并用其适当形式填空。(affect,effect)1.Itriedtopersuadehim,butwithlittleorno____________.2.WhenIwas50,myweightproblembeganto____________meseriously.(2017天津改)effectaffect根据汉语提示完成句子。1._____________(食品补给)intheflood-stricken