Unit4 Welcome to the unit - Reading 词汇精讲课堂

词汇课堂版本：新译林单元：必修三Unit4(Welcometotheunit—Reading)本单元词汇梳理1.deadly：dead(adj

死的)+-ly词块：deadlydiseases,deadlyenemies2.survival：构词法：survive(v

幸存)—survival

词族：survive,survival,survivor3.broad：反义词：narrow

词块：abroadstreet/smile,abroadrangeof,inbroaddaylight

派生词：broaden,broadly4.intend：in-(make使)+tend(tostretch伸展)→使(想法)伸展→计划/打算英语释义:plantodosth

(intend比plan更正式)词块：intendtodo/doingsth

派生词：intention,intended

(词块beintendedfor)5.refer：re-(back回)+-fer(carry带)→将……带回到→使联系

词块：referto(一词多义，基本义“使联系”)派生词：reference(referencebooks)6.experiment：ex-(outof出)+peri(totry/test尝试)+-ment→

实验

词块：do/carryout/perform/conductanexperiment

名词动词化：experimentwith

派生词：experimental7.trial：try(v

试用)+-al(名词后缀)

词块：a(free)trialperiod,trialanderror,ontrial8.limited：(limitv

限制)+-ed(分词形容词)

词族：limit,limited,limiting,limitation9.household：house(n

房屋)+hold(n

握住)→住在房子里的所有人→一家人；家庭词块：ahouseholdname10.container：contain(v

包含、容纳)+-er(名词后缀)11.postpone：同义词：putoff

词块：postponedoingsth,postponesthto/until12.sufficient：正式用语(比enough更正式)13.data：词块：collect/gatherdata,databank,bigdata14.payoff：一词多义，基本义“付清”15.error：比mistake正式 词块：makeanerror,inerror16.wisdom：wise(adj

有智慧的)+-dom(表示状况或状态)17.beneficial：bene-(good好的)+fic(todo做)+-ial(形容词后缀)→做好事的→有益的词块：bebeneficialto18.conduct：con-(together共同)+-duct(tolead引导)→引导游客一起参观

→带领

conduct是正式用语(比carryout/do更正式)

词块：conductanexperiment/aninterview/asurvey

派生词：conductor19.illustrate：辨析illustrate,describe：illustrate即通过示例、图画等来说明、

解释；describe即通过细节来描述、形容某人或某物。

派生词：illustrationintend英语释义referto英语释义一词多义conduct一词多义英语释义正式与非正式用语重难点词精讲limit&limited一词多义error&mistake辨析义payoff一词多义词族broad一词多义trial熟词生义抽象名词词根词缀broadbroadband宽带

宽阔的；广阔的反narrow：abroadstreetabroadsmileHewastall,withbroadshouldersandabeard.2013全国

广泛的反narrow：Studentsherestudyabroadrangeofsubjects.

概括性的；粗略的：Sheshowedusthebroadoutline

ofanewproject.【词块】inbroaddaylight

在光天化日之下broad

adj基本义

begoingtodosth

willdosth

beabouttodosth

plantodosth

meantodosth打算做某事intendtodosthintendintendvt打算；想要toplanormeantodosth：Iintendnoharm.①intenddoing/todosth：Heintendsstudying/tostudyabroadnextyear.②intendsb/sthtodosth：Iintendyoutocomewithme.③

intend+that从句：Weintendthat/Itisintendedthatproductionwillstartnextmonth.日常英语中更常用plantodosthin-(make使)+tend(tostretch伸展)→使(想法)伸展→计划/打算intended

adj

(为……)打算的：Thebookisintendedforchildren.Hisvisitisintendedtostrengthentiesbetweenthetwocountries.intentionn[C]&[U]意图；目的：Ihavenointentionofchangingmyplan.Thisprogramwassetupwiththeintentionofprovidinghelpforhomelesspeople.词汇拓展同义词aim/purpose阅读理解中随处可见的refertoWhatdoestheunderlinedword“stumble”inparagraph2referto?

（2019全国卷I阅读B篇）Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto?

（2018浙江

阅读B篇）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3refer

to?

（2017全国卷II阅读D篇）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2refer

to?

（2016全国卷II阅读C篇)

referto指的是词源：re-(back)+fer(carry)，即为“将……带回到”。Whenonethingreferstoanother,onemeaningcarriesbacktotheother—there’ssomekindofrelation.因此，referto的基本义是“使联系”。referto

谈到；提到(mention)：Thescientistreferredtoglobalwarmingatleastthreetimesinhisspeech.

查阅；参考：WhilegivingtheEnglishspeech,oneisnotallowedtorefertothenotes.referv

指的是

todescribeorbeconnectedtosb/sth：Thewordbusinessalsoreferstoanorganizationthatprovidesgoodsandservices.

2013全国TheUKisalsooftenreferredtoasBritainorGreatBritain.人教新必修➁-4

把……提交给；把……委托给：Mycolleaguesaidthatasthesituationwasunusualhewouldrefer

themattertohiseditor.使联系(torelate)referto在演讲、说话时联系到某人、某物为获取信息联系某物描述人或事物的联系和专业人士等联系查阅；参考指的是把……提交给；把……委托给谈到；提到referto语义网络图trial词源解读：trial来自try，基本义为“试验”。trialR2

n[C]&[U]

试用；试验：a(free)trialperiod

Newcarshaveseveralseveretrialsbeforetheyareputonthemarket.

审判；审讯：Inatrial,ajudgemustdecidewhicheyewitnessestobelieveandwhichnottobelieve.ontrial在试用中；在受审：Theclerkwasemployedontrial.He’sontrialfortheft.trialanderror反复试验；不断摸索：Childrenlearntechnicalskillsby/throughtrialanderror.【限量版limitededition】“限量版”一直是时尚圈的热门词。一些大牌化妆品每年都会推出诸如限量版口红、限量版彩妆盒一类的产品；高档皮具也会有“限量版”的包包，手机、汽车甚至唱片公司也常常有各式各样的“限量版”。名词[C]limit

界限；边界：inthecitylimits

限度；限制：atime/speedlimitEvenbelowthedrinkinglimit,drivingwillbeaffected.2011

福建基本义

极限：Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligencearefixedatbirth,butwhetherhereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.

2012安徽TheEUhasset

strictlimitsonlevelsofpollution.【重要搭配】withinlimits在某种范围内；适度地：I’mwillingtohelp,withinlimits.vt限制；限定：Ibelieveteachingshouldnotbelimitedtotheclassroom.Ilimitmyselftotwocupsofcoffeeaday.limit名词动化limit语义网络界限；边界limit基本义地区或地方的“界限”“边界”数量上的“界限”“边界”状态上的“界限”“边界”界限；边界限度；限制极限限制；限定nv【limit

词族】limitlimitationlimitinglimitlesslimitedlimiting

adj限制性的：Lackofcashisalimitingfactor.现在分词形容词表示主动含义，注意与limited的区别limited

adj有限的；不多的：ABCCompanyLimited/ABCCo.,Ltd.Thisdictionaryusesalimitednumberofwords,around2,000,initsdefinitions.Theamountofmoneywehaveislimited.过去分词形容词表示被动含义limitation

n[U]&[C]限制；局限：thelimitationofnuclearweapons

limitless

adj无限（制）的：limitlesspossibilities

limit+-ationlimit+-less根据所给提示，完成句子。团队合作获得了成功。Teamwork___________________.paidoffsucceededpayoffpayoff

还清（欠债等）：Oncewe’vepaidoffthedebts,we’llowemoneytonoone.

取得成功；得到好结果：Hestudiedhardbeforetheexamination,anditpaidoff.HemadeanA.

付清工资后解雇；遣散：Over1,000workerswillbepaidoffifthisfactorycloses.用于payoffsth或paysthoff结构。通常接account,debt,loan等作宾语。

用于sthpayoff结构。通常用effort,hardwork,persistence等作主语。

用于paysboff结构。付清（基本义）还清（欠债等）付清工资后解雇；遣散“付清”工资后解雇某人“付清”债务等payoff的语义网络图取得成功；得到好结果“付清”努力取得结果error温故知新根据所给汉语，完成句子。Whenyou______________________________（犯错误）atstudy,learnfromitandtryagain./makeanerrormakeamistakeerror较为正式errorn[C]&[U]错误；差错；谬误(formal)amistake：makeanerror

Carelessnessoftenleadstoerrors.

inerror弄错了的/地；错误地：I’mafraidheisinerrorinsayingthat.error与mistake意义相近，但较为正式。•Theremustbeanerrorinourcalculations.•Theletterwassenttoyouinerror.mistake在日常英语中用得最为广泛，指用词或数字上的错误、口误、笔误，也可指决定错误，强调“误”。•I’mnotblamingyou—weallmakemistakes.•Ipickedupyourbagbymistake.___________________（做）anexperimentdo/conduct

正式用语根据所给汉语，在空白处填入1个适当的单词。conduct同根词：educate→

e-(out)+ducere(tolead)→leadout（引导出来→启发）product→pro-向前+duct引导→向前引导conduct词源解读con-(together共同)+-duct(tolead引导)→引导游客一起参观→带领conductv

vt[正式用语]引导；带领toleadorguidesbthroughoraroundaplace：TheguideconductedusaroundtheWestLake.

vt&vi指挥（军队、乐队等）：Myfriendwenthome,leavingmetoconducttheband.

vt[正式用语]实施；管理；进行toorganizeordoaparticularactivity：conductanexperiment/aninterview/asurveySofarwehaveconductedavarietyofactivitiesonEnglishlearning.2010湖南书面表达

vt

[正式用语]举止；表现：Makesureyouconductyourselfasagoodneighborshould.2018浙江conductn[U][正式用语]

行为；举止(behaviour)：Confuciussuggestedaprinciplefortheconductoflife:“Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnotwantotherstodotoyou.”2010江西改

经营方式；管理方式；组织方式：Hisconductofthebusinesswasverysuccessful.【词汇拓展】conductorn[C]

（合唱团、管弦乐队等的）指挥

(BrE)（公共汽车）售票员；(AmE)列车长文化拓展孔子（Confucius，公元前551年―公元前479年），子姓，孔氏，名丘，字仲尼，春秋末期鲁国陬邑（今山东曲阜）人，中国古代思想家、教育家，儒家学派创始人。孔子开创了私人讲学之风，倡导仁义礼智信。有弟子三千，其中贤人七十二。他曾带领部分弟子周游列国十三年，晚年修订《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》《易》《春秋》六经。去世后，其弟子及再传弟子把孔子及其弟子的言行语录和思想记录下来，整理编成《论语》。该书被奉为儒家经典。孔子名言：

己所不欲，勿施于人。Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnotwantotherstodotoyou.

学而时习之，不亦说乎?Isitnotpleasanttolearnwithaconstantperseveranceandapplication?

三人行，必有我师焉。WhenIwalkalongwithtwoothers,theymayservemeasmyteachers.conduct语义网络图“带领”人游览“带领”人的行为“带领”军队、乐队“带领”某项活动引导；带领指挥（军队、乐队等）实施；管理；进行举止；表现带领conduct（基本义）经营方式；管理方式；组织方式行为；举止nv“带领”热流/电流传导（热、电）

Informal/Neutral（中性的）Formal打算做某事plantodosth__________todosth犯错误makeamistakemakea(n)__________有充足的时间haveenoughtimehave__________time

做调查doasurvey__________asurvey正式用语与非正式用语intenderrorsufficientconduct本单元的词根词缀说出下列单词的词根词缀的汉语释义。1.Theguideconductedusaroundthepalaceandtoldusmanythingsaboutitshistory.conduct：con-（together共同）+duct（tolead引导）→

游客一起参观→_________2.Thescientistreferredtoglobalwarmingatleastthreetimesinhisspeech.refer：re-（back回）+fer（tocarry带）→将……带回到→________3.Observecarefullyifanychangeoccurswhendoingexperimentsinthelab.（2014北京）experiment：ex-（outof出）+peri（totry/test尝试）+-ment（名词后缀）→不断的_________→___________引导带领提到尝试实验4.Infact,musiceducationisbeneficialandimportantforallstudents.（2009北京）beneficial：bene-（good好的）+fic（todo做）+-ial（形容词后缀）→______好事的→_______5.Doingapart-timejobismydreamandIintendtoworkasasalesmanbecauseIcanearnmoneybymyself.（2013山东改）intend：in-（make使）+tend（tostretch伸展）→使（想法）_______→__________做有益的伸展计划/打算英语单词构词法的核心部分在于词根，词根决定单词的意思。词根可以单独构成单词，也可以通过添加前缀或后缀构成新词。了解词根意思，掌握构词规律，有助于准确、高效记忆词汇。抽象名词比起中文来，英文不但富于抽象名词，也喜欢用抽象名词。——余光中品质抽象名词和行为抽象名词adjwisefreeshortresponsible

poorn1.

________2.

________3.

________4.___________5.

________wisdomfreedomshortageresponsibilitypoverty由形容词派生而来的抽象名词叫作品质抽象名词，由动词派生而来的抽象名词叫作行为抽象名词。

说出下列单词的名词形式。vdisappearsurvivefailn6._________________7.________8.________vapplydeliverarrangen10.___________11.

_________12.

__________disappearancesurvivalfailurearrangementapplicationdelivery写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义，体会英汉表达差异。1.Withyourwordsofwisdom,Isuddenlyfeltunlimitedfreedomtodream.Mywholeworldopenedup.________

2.Ifcancersarespottedearlythere’sahighchanceofsurvival.

________

3.There’llneverbeashortageofpeoplewhoconsiderthemselvesuniquelyqualified（有资格的）tobepresidentofthecountry.________品质抽象名词翻译成汉语时，可以通过形容词的释义来帮助理解，常译成汉语的形容词。行为抽象名词翻译成汉语时，可以通过动词的释义来帮助理解，常译成汉语的动词。至理名言；梦想无边界存活率高缺乏根据所给汉语，用所提示的抽象名词的词块完成下列句子，体会英汉表达差异。1.Someexpertsfearthatwemaywitness（见证）_____________________（该物种灭绝）withinthenext30years.(disappearance)2.Please_____________________（安排）ahotelformeandIwillgiveyoumydetailedtravelinformationassoonasIcan.(arrangement)3.Parishadsufferedasudden_____________________（心脏衰竭）.(failure)4.Thecompanyoffers_____________________（免费送货）toyourhome.(delivery)英语喜欢用名词，而汉语喜欢用动词和形容词，这是英语和汉语之间一个很重要的差异。因此，输出表达时，除了用动词，也可以使用抽象名词的词块表示动词的含义，使得表达方式更为丰富。thedisappearanceofthisspeciesmakearrangementsforheartfailurefreedelivery本单元金句汇总1.Studentsherestudyabroadrangeofsubjects.2.Heintendsstudying/tostudyabroadnextyear.3.Thisprogramwassetupwiththeintentionofprovidinghelpforhomelesspeople.4.WhilegivingtheEnglishspeech,oneisnotallowedtorefertothenotes.5.Hestudiedhardbeforetheexamination,anditpaidoff.HemadeanA.6.SofarwehaveconductedavarietyofactivitiesonEnglishlearning.2010湖南书面表达

随堂检测broad写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Wewentalongabroadpassage. _________2.Theshowaimstoreachthebroadestpossibleaudience. _________3.Shaystruggledovertotheteam’sbenchandputonateamshirtwithabroadsmile.（2011江苏） _________4.Asaparticularformofproblemsolving,thesecreativeactsarebasedonthebroadknowledgegainedinthepast. _________宽阔的尽可能广泛的满面笑容丰富的intend一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.Weintend____________(go)toAustralianextyear.2.Ididn’tintendher__________(see)thepaintinguntilitwasfinished.3.Shehadafirm__________(intend)withinherselftobethebestswimmer.二、根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语。这本字典专为高中生量身打造。(intended)________________________________________________________going/togotoseeThedictionaryisintendedforseniorhighschoolstudents.intention用所给单词或词块的正确形式替换画线部分，使句意保持不变。1.Inhisspeech,hereferredto

arecenttriptoCanada. __________2.Whenyoumeetwithanewword,youcanreferto

adictionary. __________3.Theterm“multitasking”referred

to

acomputer’sabilitytocarryoutseveraltasksatonetime.

_________mentionedlookitupinmeantmean,lookitupin,mentionrefertotrial写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Theysucceededintheexperimentonthefifteenthtrial. __________2.Thecaseisnowundertrial. __________3.Sheagreedtoemploymeforatrialperiod. __________4.Trialanderror

isthesourceofourknowledge. __________5.Therobotshavebeenontrial

forthepastyear. __________6.Hewasontrial

fortheft. __________试验审判/审讯试用期反复试验/不断摸索试验中审讯中limit一、根据汉语写出英语短语。1.时间限制__________________2.速度限制__________________3.达到极限__________________4.在市区内__________________atimelimitaspeedlimitreachthelimitwithinthecitylimits二、用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.Idon’tthinkit’sfairtohavethemaspetswhenwehavesucha_________(limit)knowledgeofthem.（2009全国）2.Owingtothe___________(limit)ofourknowledge,theremustbemistakesanderrorsinthebook.3.Scientistshaveknownhowtoharness（利用）the_________(limit)powerofthesun.limitedlimitationlimitless三、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。1.Knowledgeandlearningareimportantifwewanttobesuccessful,buttheymayalso___________________（限制我们的思维）.（2011湖北）2.___________________（对……有限制）thenumberofpeoplewecanholdinmind.（2011福建）3.I’vebeenaskedto____________________（把我的演讲控制在）

tenminutes.4.Hewasborninapoorfamily,and__________________________（受教育不多）inhischildhood.（2012浙江书面表达）limitourthinkingThereisalimitonlimitmyspeechtohad/receivedalimitededucationpayoff一、根据句意，选出payoff的最佳释义。_____1.Finally,thathardworkpaidoff

andnowthewaterintheriveriscleanerthanever.（2014全国）

_____2.Wedecidedtomovethereandtriedtofindarentalhousethatwecouldaffordwhilealsopayingoff

amortgage（抵押贷款）onourruinedhouse.

还清（欠债等）

取得成功；得到好结果二、根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语。1.他们将在25年内还清债务。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.辛勤的劳动没有白费。（2015福建）_____________________________________________________3.我希望现在付出的努力会得到好结果。（2011山东）_______________________________