Unit4Grammarandusage-Integratedskills词汇精讲课堂

词汇课堂版本：新译林单元：必修三Unit4(Grammarandusage—Integratedskills)本单元词汇梳理1.bacteria：bacterium的复数形式2.surround：词块：surroundsb/sthwith/bysth,surroundoneselfwithsb/sth

派生词：surrounding,surroundings3.indicate：in(towards向、对着)+dic(tosay说)+-ate(动词后缀)→对着人说→指示

一词多义：基本义“指示；指出”，此时是正式用语，对应pointat/out

派生词：indication4.accident：ac-(to朝向)+cid(tofall落下)+-ent→突然落向人身上的事→意外、事故词块：byaccident；派生词：accidental,accidentally5.intelligent ：逆生法来自intelligence

近义词：clever,brilliant,bright(intelligent更强调“有才智的”)6.favour：词块：dosbafavour,asksbafavour,showfavourtosb,winsb’sfavour,infavourof,insb’sfavour

派生词：favourable7.lightning：词块：aflashoflightning8.electricity：词块：cutoffelectricity,make/produce/generateelectricity,turnon/offelectricity9.theory：词块：intheory10.thunderstorm：合成词thunder(雷)+storm(暴风雨)11.charge：一词多义：词源义和基本义是“负荷”词块：chargeforsth,chargesb(for)sth,chargesbwith(doing)sth,inchargeof,takechargeof,freeofcharge

派生词：charger12.electric：词族：electric,electrical,electrically,electrician,electricity13.bang：拟声词；词块：withabang(=verysuccessfully)14.standout：stand(v

站)+out(出来)→站出来的→突出的surround一词多义indicate一词多义重难点词精讲accident搭配义charge一词多义熟词生义搭配义favour辨析义隐喻看图猜词surround围绕

包围；环绕；围困：Tosome,happinessisbeing

surroundedbyfamilyandfriends.Surroundyourselfwithupliftingindividualswhochallengeyoutobebetter.2016

浙江

与……紧密相关：someissuessurroundingalcoholabusesurroundvt【词汇拓展】surroundingadj

[只用于名词前]周围的(nearby)：thesurroundingscenerysurroundings

n

[用复数]周围的事物；环境everythingthatisnearoraroundyou(environment)：Atfirstmynewsurroundingsweredifficulttotolerate.in(towards向、对着)+dic(tosay说)+-ate(动词后缀)→对着人说→指示indicate

vt

[正式用语]指示；指出

todirectsb’sattentiontosb/sth,especiallybypointing：Thearrowonasignindicatesthewaytogo.

表明；显示toshow

thatsthisprobablytrueorexists：Thestudyindicatesaconnectionbetweenpovertyandcrime.

示意；暗示tosayordosthtomakeyourwishes,intentionsetc.clear：Inhisletter,heindicatedhiswillingnesstocooperate.Hesmilesandnods,indicatingthateverythingisfine.

indicationn[C]&[U]迹象；表示；标示基本义accidentYouneverknowwhichwillcomefirst,tomorroworaccident.明天和意外，你永远不知道哪个先来。accidentn

[C]事故：avoid/meet/causeanaccidentHewaskilledinacaraccident.Kenhadanaccidentatworkandhadtogotohospital.

[C]&[U]偶然的事；意外的事

sththathappensunexpectedlyandisnotplannedinadvance：Thediscoverywasahappyaccident.词源解读：ac-(to朝向)+cid(tofall落下)+-ent→突然落向人身上的事→意外、事故byaccident偶然地；意外地反

onpurpose：YesterdaywhenIwaswanderingonthepavementnearapark,Imetanoldneighbourbyaccident.►accidentaladj

意外的；偶然的►accidentallyadv意外地；偶然地(bymistake)：Isteppedonayoungman’sfootaccidentally.2009江西书面表达

accident,event辨析accident

多指偶然或意外发生的不幸的事情。atrafficaccidentevent

尤指历史上的重大事件，还可以表示国际、国内的大事以及体育比赛项目。thechiefeventsof2021

The800metresisnothisbestevent.favour翻译句子：我遇到了一些麻烦。你能帮我个忙吗?Ihavesometrouble.Couldyouhelpme?高级表达：domeafavour

[C]恩惠；善意行为：CanyoudomeafavourandtellKellyI’mhere?CanIask

youafavour?Doyourselfafavour(=dosthgoodforyourself)

andmakesureyougetsometimetoyourself.

[U]好感；喜爱：Ofthetwowaysofsharingbooks,thelatterwinsmyfavour.

2015重庆书面表达改Amothermustnotshowfavourtoonechildmorethananother.

指具体行为favourn

指情感

[U]赞同；支持：infavourofOpportunitiesandsuccesstendtobeinfavourofthosewhoareready.in

sb’sfavour

Wevotedforthemonitor,andtheresultwas28to15inWangHong’sfavor.指态度favourv

较喜欢

toprefersb/sthtoanother；有利于：Fortunefavoursthebold/brave.►favo(u)rableadj赞成的；有利的；讨人喜欢的维吉尔（Virgil，公元前70年—公元前19年），是奥古斯都时代的古罗马诗人，其作品有《牧歌集》（Eclogues）、《农事诗》（Georgics）、史诗《埃涅阿斯纪》（Aeneid）三部杰作。《埃涅阿斯纪》（Aeneid）charge根据词源可知，charge名词的词源义是“负荷”，在此基础上衍生出各层释义。charge和car（车）同源，来自拉丁语carrus（一种两轮货车，即装载货物的车），由这个拉丁语衍生而来的单词都跟“装载、承载”有关，比如cargo（货物），carriage（马车；客车车厢），carry（携带；搬运），career

（职业）以及charge。词源解读

[U]主管；负责：①incharge(ofsth):

CouldIspeaktowhoeverisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?2009全国②in/undersb’scharge:Thefileswereleftinyourcharge.③takechargeof:DoyouknowifLindaiswillingtotakechargeoftheprogram?2010安徽

charge

n

[C]&[U]费用；价钱：Deliveryisfreeofcharge.

[C]指控；罪名：Shewasarrestedonthechargeoftheft.Policedroppedthechargesagainsthimbecauseofinsufficientevidence.

[C]&[U]电荷；电量：oncharge

apositive/negativecharge

vt&vi（向……）收费；开价：①charge(sb/sth)forsth:Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices.2009安徽②

chargesbsth(forsth):Therestaurantonlychargedme$40(forwine).charge

v

vt指控；控告：chargesbwith(doing)sth:Sheischargedwithmurderingherhusband.

vt&vi（给……）充电：

Hehadforgottentochargehisphone.►chargern[C]充电器

vi&vt（向……）冲；进攻：Whenlionsarehidingforanattackbyawaterhole,

theywaitpatientlyandcanchargeatanysecond.负荷（基本义）charge罪名的负荷金钱的负荷责任的负荷

负责

费用

指控电荷的负荷

电量charge语义网络图n

（向……）

收费；开价

指控；控告

（给……）充电

（向……）

冲；进攻v单词基本义比喻义broad宽广的__________speedup加快___________surround包围__________广泛的加速/加快喜欢结交（某类人）本单元典型隐喻词本单元金句汇总1.Surroundyourselfwithupliftingindividualswhochallengeyoutobebetter.2016

浙江2.YesterdaywhenIwaswanderingonthepavementnearapark,Imetanoldneighbourbyaccident.3.CanyoudomeafavourandtellKellyI’mhere?4.CanIask

youafavour?5.Deliveryisfreeofcharge.随堂检测一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Somelightshowershavebeenforecast（预报）sincelastmonth,butallofthemhavebeeneffectivein____________(surround)areas.（2017全国）2.Iwalkinthedoorandseeabrownsofa______________(surround)alowglass-topwoodentable.（2013四川）3.WhenIheadedtowardthecenter,Ifoundmyself______________(surround)bybuildingsthatmirrorthebestpalacesofEurope.（2009重庆）4.BillGateshashistoricallysurroundedhimself______________smartpeople,andhe’sfamouslythirstyforknowledge.surroundingsurroundingsurroundedwithsurround二、根据所给提示，翻译下列句子。1.湖边树木环绕。（被动句）______________________________________2.我很快适应了新的环境。______________________________________3.

要和积极向上的人在一起，他们会激励你做得更好。（2016浙江）（who引导的定语从句）______________________________________Thelakeissurroundedbytrees.Isoongotusedtomynewsurroundings.Surroundyourselfwithupliftingindividualswhochallengeyoutobebetter.写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Researchindicatesthateatinghabitsarechangingfast. ______2.Shetookoutamapandindicatedthequickestroutetous. ______3.Ralphpattedthesofatoindicatethatsheshouldjoinhim. ______4.Kingston-upon-Thames,asthenameindicates,issituatedonthebanksoftheThames. ______indicate表明指出示意正如其名称所示根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.Hisleftkneewashurtin___________________（一场交通事故）.2.Thetrain___________________（出了事故）andmanypassengerswereinjured.3.Thebabyknockedthevaseoff___________________（意外地）.4.Meetingyouwasthemost___________________（美丽的意外）inmylife.atrafficaccidentaccidenthadanaccidentbyaccidentbeautifulaccident根据所给汉语及提示，完成下列句子。1.Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrother____________________（支持）it.(n)2.Theexchangerateis______________________（对我们有利）atthemoment.3.____________________________（请帮我个忙）—invitemyfriendMrSmithtoYouthTheaterat7:30tonight.（2009湖南）4.Bothcountriesseemto_____________________（支持这项协议）.(v)favourPleasedomeafavour

favourtheagreement

wasinfavourof

inourfavour

一、在横线上写出画线词的汉语释义。_________1.Admission（门票）isatnormalchargesandyoudon’tneedtobook.（2015全国）_________2.Iagreetohissuggestionontheconditionthathedropsallcharges.

（2010辽宁）

_________3.Anydriverfounddrinkingbeyondthelimitwillbecharged.