英语句子结构课件

EnglishSentenceStructureCoursewarecontents目录SimplesensesCompoundpresenceComplexpresenceSubjunctivemoodInvertedpresenceSimplesenses01SubjectThesubjectisthepersonorthingperformingtheactiondescribedinthepresenceItusuallycomesatthebeginningofthepresenceExample"John"(subject)"ran"(verb)"tothestore"(object)SubjectThepredictincludestheverbandexpressestheactionorstateofthesubjectItisthemostimportantpartofthepresence"John"(subject)"is"(verb)"happy"(predict)PredictExamplePredicteObjectTheobjectisthepersonorthingthatreceivestheactiondescribedinthepresenceItcanbeanoun,pronoun,orapreliminaryphraseExample"John"(subject)"have"(verb)"thebook"(object)"tohisfriend"(indirectobject)ObjectCompoundpresence02SubjectclauseItisaclausethatappearsatthebeginningofacompoundsentenceandexpressesthesubjectmatterItusuallycomesbeforethemainclauseandisintroducedbyacommaoraconnectionExampleWhenthebellrings,thestudentsstandup(Whenthebellringsarethesubjectclause.)SubjectclauseItisaclausethatappearsinacompoundpresenceandexpressestheobjectoftheverbItusuallycomesafterthemainclauseandisintroducedbyacommaoraconnectionObjectclauseHesaidthathewouldcome(Thathewouldcomeistheobjectclause.)ExampleObjectclauseVSItisaclausethatappearsinacompoundpresenceandfunctionsasanadvisory,modifyingthemeaningoftheverb,advisory,orotherpartofthepresenceItusuallycomesafterthemainclauseandisintroducedbyacommaoraconnectionExampleAfterhefinishedhiswork,hewenthome(Afterhefinishedhisworkistheadvisoryclause.)AdvancedclauseAdverbialclauseComplexpresence03Summaryword:composedoftwoormoresimplesentencesconnectedbycoordinateconjunctions,indicatingrelationshipssuchascoordination,choice,andinflection.InEnglish,acoordinatesentenceisformedbyconnectingtwoormoresimplesentencesthroughcoordinateconjunctions(suchasand,or,but,etc.),indicatingrelationshipssuchascoordination,choice,andinflection.Forexample,"Ilikeapplesandoranges.""Ilikeapples,butIdon'tlikeoranges."CompoundpresenceSummarywordAsentencethatindicatesexistenceornonexistence,usuallystartingwith"therebe"or"have/has".DetaileddescriptionExistentialsentenceisaspecialtypeofcompoundsentencethatindicatestheexistenceorabsenceofsomething.Usuallystartswith'therebe'or'have/has',followedbyanounphrase.Forexample,"Thereisabookonthetable.""Hehasabeautifulgarden."ExistingpresenceSummarywords:Byusingemphasiswordsorstructurestohighlightacertaincomponentinasentence,toexpressemphasisoremphasizeacertaininformation.Detaileddescription:Anemphasissentenceisatypeofcompoundsentencethathighlightsacertaincomponentofasentencethroughtheuseofemphasiswords(suchasinded,cerealy,surly,etc.)oremphasisstructures(suchasusingauxiliaryverbsdo/dos/dd+verbbaseform)toexpressemphasisoremphasizeacertaininformation.Forexample,"Idoloveyou.""Hedidwritealetteryesterday."EmphasispresenceSubjunctivemood04"IfIwereyou,Iwouldchoosethatoption.""IwishIwereyounger.""Ifhewasnotbusy,hewouldhelpus."Contrarytothecurrentsituation"IfIhadknownearlier,Iwouldhaveattendedtheevent.""Ifhehadbeenhere,hewouldhaveseenthemovie.""Iftheyhadtakentheadvice,theywouldhavesucceeded."Contrarytopastfacts"IfIweretoleavetomorrow,Iwouldvisitmyfamily.""Ifsheweretowinthelotus,shewouldbuyanewhouse.""Iftheyweretoaccepttheoffer,theywouldstartnextweek."ContrarytofuturefactsInvertedpresence05SummaryPartialinvertedsentencesrefertosentencesformedbyplacingapartofthepredicate(suchasauxiliaryverbs,modalverbs,etc.)beforethesubjectandtherestafterthesubject.DetaileddescriptionInEnglish,partiallyinvertedsentencesusuallybringauxiliaryverbsormodalverbstothebeginningofthesentence,whileotherpartssuchasthesubjectandpredicateremainunchanged.Thisstructureiscommonlyusedtoemphasizepredicates,orincertainspecificcontexts,suchasinterrogativesentences,exclamationsentences,orsentencesexpressingemphasis.PartialInversionSummaryAcompletelyinvertedsentencereferstoplacingtheentirepredicatebeforethesubject,formingasentencethatisoppositetothenormalwordorder.DetaileddescriptionCompletelyinvertedsentencesarecommonlyusedinEnglishtoemphasizeaspecificpieceofinformation,orincertainspecificcontexts,suchasexpressingsurprise,exclamation,oremphasizingaspecificpieceofinformation.Thissentencestructuremakesthefocusofinformationmoreprominent,attractingtheattentionoflistenersorreaders.FullconversionOmittinginvertedsentencesrefertosentencesthatomittheentirepredicateandsubject,leavingonlyauxiliaryverbsormodalverbs.SummaryInEnglish,omittedinvertedsentencesarecommonlyused