-高考英语阅读理解技巧细节事实题二课件

细节理解题的解题步骤和方法一、细节理解题的分类（1）集中型：（2）分散型：Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?Wecanlearn/inferfromthepassagethat…WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedabout…?【10上海】70..Asismentionedinthecard,thelimitationoftheresearchpapermainlyliesinthat 三大法宝：顺序原则二、细节理解解题方法定位词排除法(一)、把握解题的顺序原则Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly,Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.

Certainmicroorganisms(微生物)causemosttypesoffoodpoisoning.Bacteriaandothermicroorganismscanpoisoneggs,meat,vegetables,andmanyotherfoods.Afterenteringthebody,thesetinylivingthingsrelease(释放)poisonsthatmakepeoplesick.

Somechemicalscanalsocausefoodpoisoning.Theyareoftenaddedtofoodwhileitisbeinggrown,processed,orprepaid.Forexample,manyfarmersspraychemicalsoncropstokillweedsandinsects.Somepeoplemayhaveabadreactiontothosechemicalswhentheyeatthecrops.

Someplantsandanimalscontainnaturalpoisonsthatareharmfultopeople.Theseinclude51题答案5253题答案53题答案53题答案certainkindsofseafood,grains,nuts,seeds,beans,andmushrooms.

Whenpeoplehandlefoodproperly,theriskoffoodpoisoningisverysmallMicroorganismsmultiplyrapidlyindirtyplacesandinwarmtemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshouldnevertouchfoodwithdittyhandsorputfoodonunwashedsurfaces.Foodshouldbekeptinarefrigeratortostopmicroorganismsfromgnawing.Meatneedstobecookedthoroughlytokillanydangerousmicroorganisms.Peopleshouldalsowashfoodcoveredwithchemicalsbeforeeatingit.Finally,peopleshouldnoteatraidmushroomsorotherfoodsthatgrowinthewild.Someofthesefoodsmaycontainnaturalmaterialsthatarepoisonoustohumans.Inaddition,sometypesoffishcanbepoisonous.Mostpeoplerecoverfromfoodpoisoningafterafewdaysofrestinganddrinkingextrawater.Ifpeopleeatnaturalpoisons,theymustgotothehospitalrightawaytohavetheirstomachsemptied.(一)、把握解题的顺序原则54题答案二、通过定位词寻找出题点定位词和主题句是英语阅读理解解题方法的最重要的两个要素，前者适用于解答细节理解题，后者用于解答主旨大意题。1.表示人名、地名等的专有名词和表示年份、数字、百分数等的数词，以及题干中出现的大写的名词2.表示实体意义，指代一件具体事物的名词3.题干中词义鲜明的动词、形容词、副词等【2010辽宁】64.AccordingtoCaliforniastudy,thelow-scoringgroupmight____.【2010全国卷II】51.WhyaresomeChineselikelytogoskiingintheEurope?【2010广东】48.Whenyourcolleaguebringsaboutaproblem,youshould.【2010江苏】56.WhichofthefollowingdothesurnamesinthepassageNOTcover?67.Indianelephantsaregettingincreasinglyangryandtheyrevengebecause____在原文中我们可以找到对应的句子：Increasingly,theIndianelephantisangry:formanyyears,illegalhuntershaveattackeditanditshomeinthejunglehasbeenreducedtosmallpiecesofland.Itisnowfightingback.定位词的转换形式：a.同义改写WhenIwassix,Dadbroughthomeadogoneday,whowascalled“Brownie”,MybrothersandIalllovedBrownieanddiddifferentthingswithher.Oneofuswouldwalkher,anotherwouldfeedher,thentherewerebaths,playingcatchandmanyothergames.Brownie,inreturn,lovedeachandeveryoneofus.Onethingthatmosttouchedmyheartwasthatshewouldgotowhoeverwassickandjustbewiththem.Wealwaysfeltbetterwhenshewasaround.41.WhatwouldBrowniedowhensomeonewasillinthefamily?

A.Lookatthemsadly.B.Keepthemcompany.

C.Playgameswiththem.D.Touchthemgently.sickWhenIwasgrowingupinAmerica,Iwasashamedofmymother’sChineseEnglish.BecauseofherEnglish,shewasoftentreatedunfairly.Peopleindepartmentstores,atbanks,andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously,didnotgivehergoodservice,pretendednottounderstandher,orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher.41.Whywastheauthor’smotherpoorlyserved?

A.ShewasunabletospeakgoodEnglish.

B.Shewasoftenmisunderstood.

C.Shewasnotclearlyheard.

D.Shewasnotverypolite.Butthekeyissueisreallymoney．Chinaisalreadyspendinghundredsofbillionsofyuanondomesticrailwayexpansion．68．Accordingtothepassage，thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh-speedrailwayplanis_______． A．technicalissuesB．safetyofthesystem C．financialproblemsD．maintenanceofrailwaytracksTuesday’sDailyNewssaid29-yearwholeftthespotquicklyaftertherescuelastSaturday.51.WhatdidDuretdoshortlyaftertheambulancecame?A.HewasinterviewedbyanewspaperB.HeaskedhisgirlfriendforhisdryclothesC.HewenttothehospitalintheambulanceD.Hedisappearedfromthespotquicklyb.转变词性与结构:ConfuciussuggestedRuleasaprinciplefortheconductoflife:“Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnotwantotherstodotoyou.”Heassumedthatallmenwereequalatbirth,thoughsomepotentialthanothers,arethatitwasknowledgethatsetmenapart.Socratesfocusedonindividual,andthoughtthatthegreatestpurposeofmanwastoseekwisdom.Hebelievedthatsomehadmorepotentialtodeveloptheirreasonthanothersdid.LikeConfucius,hebelievedthatthesuperiorclassshouldruletheinferior(下层的)classes.66.WhatmadesomepeopledifferentfromothersaccordingtoConfucius?A.Family B.PotentialC.KnowledgeD.Community

It’11beawin-winproject.Forothercountries，therailwaynetworkwilldefinitelycreatemoreopportunitiesforbusiness，tourismandsoon，nottomentionthebettercommunicationamongthosecountries.ForChina，suchaprojectwouldnotonlyconnectitwiththerestofAsiaandbringsomemuch-neededresources，butwouldalsohelpdevelopChina’sfarwest．Weforeseethatinthecomingdecades，millionsofpeoplewillmigratetothewesternregions，wherethelandisemptyandresourcesunused．Withhigh-speedtrains，peoplewillsetupfactoriesandbusinesscentersinthewestonceandfora11．Andthey’11tradewithCentralAsianandEasternEuropeancountries．67．China’snewhigh-speedrailwayplanwillbeawin-winprojectbecause

．

A．Chinawillgetmuch-neededresourcesanddevelopitswesternregions

B．Chinaandthecountriesinvolvedwillbenefitfromtheprojectinvariousways

C．Chinawilldevelopitsrailwaysystemandcommunicationwithothercountries

D．theforeigncountriesinvolvedwilldeveloptheirrailwaytransportation，businessandtourismHOWTOTAKELIPITORDO：TakeLipitorasprescribedbyyourdoctor．Trytoeatheart-healthyfoodswhileyoutakeLipitor．TakeLipitoratanytimeofday,withorwithoutfood．Ifyoumissadose(一剂)，takeitassoonasyouremember．Butifithasbeenmorethan12hourssinceyourmisseddose，wait．Takethenextdoseatyourregulartime．Don’t：Donotchangeorstopyourdosebeforetalkingtoyourdoctor．Donotstartnewmedicinesbeforetalkingtoyourdoctor．58.Ifithasbeenover12hourssinceyoumissedadose,youshould_________.A.changetheamountofyournextdoseB,eatmorewhentakingyournextdoseC.haveadoseassoonasyourememberD.takethenextdoseatyourregulartimeBrownieturnedouttobemorethanjustourfamilypet,shewenteverywherewithus.Peoplewouldstopandaskiftheycouldpether.Ofcourseshe’dletanyonepether.Shewasjustthemostlovabledog.Thereweremanytimeswhenwe’dbeoutwalkingandasmallchildwouldcomeoverandpullpmherhair.sheneverbarked(吠)ortriedtogetaway.Funnythingisshewouldsmile.Thisfrightenedpeoplebecausetheythoughtshewasshowingherteeth.Farfromthetruth,shelovelyeveryone.44.SomepeoplegotfrightenedbyBrowniewhenshe__________.A.smiledB.barkedC.rushedtothemD.triedtobefunny离散型细节理解:在选项中找到定位词66.AccordingtoRaeArmantrout,__________.A.her10thbookismuchbetter B.herwinningthePulitzerisunexpectedC.themediaissurprisedatherworks D.shelikesbeingrecognizedbyherreadersRaeArmantrout,whohasbeenapoetryprofessorattheUniversityofCaliforniaSanDiego(UCSD)fortwodecades,haswonthe2010PulitzerPrizeinthepoetrycategoryforhermostrecentbook,“Versed”.“I’mdelightedandamazedathowmuchmediarecognitionthatthePulitzerbrings,ascomparedtoeventheNationalBookCriticsAward,whichIwasalsosurprisedanddelightedtowin,”saidArmantrout.“Foralongtime,mywritinghasbeenjustbelowthemediaradar,andtohavethiskindofattention,suddenly,withmy10thbook,isreallysurprising.”A过度推测D过度推测C项断章取义(三)、排除法（1）正确选项的特征正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如换一个同义词，把否定改为肯定，把肯定改为否定等。【2010江苏】68.Accordingtothepassage,thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh-speedrailwayplanis. A.technicalissuesB.safetyofthesystem C.financialproblems D.maintenanceofrailwaytracksa．张冠李戴：把A事物的特点说成是B事物的，企图混淆视听。（2）错误选项的特征Otherearlysurnamescamefrompeople’soccupations.ThemostcommonoccupationalnameisSmith,whichmeansapersonwhomakesthingswithironorothermetals.Inthepast,smithswereveryimportantworkersineverytownandvillage.Someotheroccupationalnamesare:Carter—apersonwhoownedordroveacart;Potter—apersonwhomadepotsandpans.57.Accordingtothepassage,theancestorsofthePotterfamilymostprobably_______.A.ownedordroveacartB.madethingswithmetalsC.madekitchentoolsorcontainsD.builthousesandfurniture 48.WhatdoweknowaboutJarolimfromthetext?A．SheissuccessfulinherjobB．ShefindsherlifefullofstressesC．ShespendshalfofhertimetravelingD．Sheisespeciallyinterestedinmuseumsb.断章取义：抓住一个字眼或细节做文章，对作者本意歪曲的理解。c.过度猜测：文中并没有出现和选项一致的直接信息，选项对文意进行了不切实际的过度猜测。Whenyou’relyingonthewhitesandsoftheMexicanRiviera,thestresses(压力)oftheworldseemamillionmilesaway.Hey,stop!Thisisnovacation-youhavetofinishsomething!Sure,it’sgreattowriteaboutatouri