铸造技术名词(中英文)

铸造名词术语（GB5611-85）基本术语铸造foundry,founding,casting铸造工艺foundrytechnology铸件casting砂型铸造sandcastingprocess特种铸造specialcastingprocess合金性能流动性fluidity充型能力mold-fillingcapacity吸气gasabsorption过冷undercooling,supercooling过冷度degreeofundercooling成核nucleation自发成核（均质成核）homogeneousnucleation非自发成核（非均质成核）heterogeneousnucleation凝固温度范围solidificationrange定向凝固（顺序凝固）directionalsolidification液态收缩（液体收缩）liquidcontraction凝固收缩solidificationcontraction固态收缩（固体收缩）solidcontraction凝固时间solidificationtime自由收缩freecontraction受阻收缩hinderedcontraction铸件线收缩率shrinkage收缩应力contractionstress热应力thermalstress相变应力transformationstress,phasechangestress2.21铸造应力castingstress2.22残留应力（残余应力）residualstress3铸造用材料3.1金属原材料3.1.1金属原材料metallicrawmaterial3.1.2生铁pigiron3.1.3铁合金ferro-alloy3.1.4回炉料foundryreturns3.1.5中间合金masteralloy3.2燃料3.2.1铸造焦炭foundrycoke3.2.2冶金焦炭metallurgicalcoke3.2.3固定碳fixedcarbon3.3熔剂3.3.1熔剂flux3.3.2除气熔剂（除气剂）degassingflux3.3.3覆盖熔剂（覆盖剂）coveringflux3.3.4精炼熔剂（精炼剂）refiningflux3.4耐火材料

耐火度（耐火性）refractoriness耐火砖firebrick耐火粘土fireclay硅砖silicabrick镁砂grainmagnesite造型材料造型材料moldingmaterial砂sand水洗砂washed-outsand硅砂silicasand天然砂naturalsand人工砂artificialsand天然粘土砂naturallyclay-bondedsand橄榄石砂olivinesand铬铁矿砂chromitesand锆砂zirconsand炭粒砂carbonsand精硅砂sharpsand红砂redsand熟料砂chamottesand粘结剂binder粘土clay无机粘结剂inorganicbinder有机粘结剂organicbinder高岭土kaolin膨润土bentonite钠基膨润土sodiumbentonite钙基膨润土calciumbentonite活化膨润土activatedbentonite干性油dryingoil自硬粘结剂（冷硬粘结剂）nobakebinder热固树脂粘结剂thermosettingresinbinder油类粘结剂oilbasedbinder水玻璃粘结剂waterglassbinder,sodiumsilicatebinder纸浆废液ligninliquor合脂粘结剂syntheticfatbinder水玻璃模数sodiumsilicatemodulus辅助材料附加物additives发热剂exothermicmixture分型剂（脱模剂）partingagent,strippingagent3.6.4固化剂（硬化剂）hardener悬浮剂suspendingagent涂料coating砂处理型砂制备（砂处理）sandpreparation混砂sandmulling,sandmixing型砂（造型混合料）moldingsand芯砂（造芯混合料）coresand

合成砂syntheticsand自硬砂self-hardeningsand水玻璃砂sodiumsilicate-bondedsand覆膜砂precoatedsand烂砂泥（麻泥）loam调匀砂tempersand面砂facingsand背砂（填充砂）backingsand单一砂unitsand含泥量claycontent含水量moisturecontent旧砂floorsand枯砂（焦砂）burntsand废砂wastesand热砂hotsand松砂aeration,sand-cutting筛分（筛析）screenanalysis旧砂处理sandreconditioning旧砂再生sandreclamation沉降分选elutriation,decantation型砂性能及试验型砂试验sandtesting透气性permeability流动性flowability型砂强度sandstrength湿强度greenstrength干强度drystrength耐用性（复用性）durability砂型（芯）硬度moldhardness热变形hotdeformation残留强度retainedstrength热强度hotstrength韧性toughness发气率（发气速度）gasevolutionrate发气性（发气量）gasevolution吸湿性moistureabsorption落砂性knock-outcapability潰散性collapsibility胶质价colloidindex破碎指数shatterindex砂处理设备热气流烘砂装置hotpneumatictubedrier混砂机sandmuller,sandmixer松砂机aerator,sandcutter冷却提升机coolingelevator,coolevator筛砂机riddle磁力滚筒magneticseparator旧砂再生设备sandreclamation气力输送装置pneumatictubeconveyor4铸造合金铸铁铸铁castiron铸铁石墨形态morphologyofgraphiteincastiron灰铸铁（灰口铸铁）graycastiron白口铸铁whitecastiron麻口铸铁mottledcastiron共晶度degreeofsaturation碳当量carbonequivalent片状石墨flakegraphite初生石墨primarygraphite孕育铸铁inoculatedcastiron球墨铸铁spheroidalgraphitecastiron,nodulargraphiteiron,ductileiron球状石墨spheroidalgraphite,nodulargraphite可锻铸铁malleablecastiron黑心可锻铸铁blackheartmalleablecastiron珠光体可锻铸铁pearliticmalleablecastiron铁素体可锻铸铁ferriticmalleablecastiron4.1.184.1.194.1.204.1.214.1.224.1.234.1.244.1.184.1.194.1.204.1.214.1.224.1.234.1.24团絮石墨temperedgraphite冷硬铸铁（激冷铸铁）chillediron耐磨铸铁wearresistingcastiron耐热铸铁heatresistingcastiron耐酸铸铁acidresistingcastiron高硅铸铁highsiliconcastiron蠕墨铸铁vermicularcastiron,compactedgraphitecastiron蠕虫状石墨vermiculargraphite合金铸铁alloycastiron铸钢铸钢caststeel炭素铸钢carboncastiron低合金铸钢lowalloycaststeel高锰钢highmanganesesteel铁素体钢ferriticsteel铸造非铁合金青铜bronze铅青铜leadbronze铝青铜aluminumbronze黄铜brass铝铜合金aluminum-copperalloy铝镁合金aluminum-magnesiumalloy铝硅合金aluminum-siliconalloy镁合金magnesiumalloy轴承合金（减摩合金）bearingmetal,antifrictionalmetal巴氏合金babbittalloy钛合金titaniumalloy5熔炼工艺及设备5.1熔炼基本术语5.1.1熔化（熔炼）melting5.1.2重熔remelting5.1.3炉料charge5.1.4熔化率meltingrate5.1.5炉料计算chargecalculation5.1.6双联熔炼duplexing5.1.7元素烧损（元素烧损率）meltinglossesofvariouschemicalelements5.1.8熔炼损耗（烧损）totalmeltingloss5.1.9还原气氛reducingatmosphere5.1.10氧化气氛oxidizingatmosphere5.1.11惰性气体inertgas5.1.12碱度（碱性指数）indexofbasicity5.1.13碱性渣basicslag5.1.14酸性渣acidslag5.1.15精炼refining5.1.16遗传性heredity5.2铸铁熔炼5.2.1风口比tuyereratio5.2.2有效高度effectiveheight5.2.3送风强度blastintensity5.2.4预热送风hotblast5.2.5底焦cokebed5.2.6层焦cokesplit5.2.7隔焦（结力焦）buffercokecharge5.2.8炉衬furnacelining5.2.9碱性炉衬basiclining5.2.10酸性炉衬acidlining5.2.11棚料bridging5.2.12熔池bath5.2.13吸碳carbonpick-up5.2.14铁焦比（焦比）iron-cokeratio5.2.15出渣deslagging5.2.16打炉cupoladrop5.3铸钢5.3.1氧化熔炼法oxidizingmelting5.3.2不氧化熔炼法deadmelting5.3.3真空熔炼vacuumrefining5.3.4电渣熔炼electro-slagmelting5.3.5熔渣slag5.3.6沉渣sludge5.3.7浮渣dross,cinder5.3.8氧化期（沸腾期）oxidizingstage,boil5.3.9还原期deoxidizingstage,blocking5.3.10stage还原渣reducingslag5.3.11氧化渣oxidizingslag5.3.12白渣whiteslag5.3.13脱氧deoxidation5.3.14扒渣slagging-off5.3.15脱碳decarburization脱硫desulphurization脱磷dephosphorization增碳recarburizing脱氧剂deoxidizer非铁金属熔炼挥发损耗volatilizinglosses静置stewing,holding吹氮nitrogenflushing熔炼设备冲天炉cupola水冷冲天炉water-cooledcupola热风冲天炉hot-blastcupola湿法除尘器wetcap炉缸cupolawell前炉forehearth冲天炉加料机cupolachargingmachine爬式加料机skiphoist电磁配铁称electro-magneticweighingbalancer电磁盘electromagneticchuck电弧炉（直接电弧炉）arcfurnace,directarcfurnace感应电炉electricinductionfurnace电渣炉electroslagfurnace电磁搅拌electromagneticagitation浇包ladle摇包shakingladle底注包bottompouringladle保温炉holdingfurnace坩埚炉cruciblefurnace熔融金属处理孕育inoculation多孔塞法porousplugprocess变质modification墨化剂graphitizer过热superheating石墨球化处理nodularizingtreatmentofgraphite碳当量仪eutectometer三角试块wedgetest-piece真空除气vacuumdegassing浇注浇注pouring保护气氛浇注pouringundercontrolledatmosphere浇注速度pouringrate浇注温度pouringtemperature浇注时间pouringtime浇注位置pouringposition型内孕育inmoldinoculation压铁weight捣冒口churning,pumping点冒口（补注）teeming浸入式高温计immersionpyremeter补炉patching炉龄（炉衬寿命）campaign工艺设计及工艺装备工艺设计铸造工艺设计molddesign铸造工艺装备设计foundrytoolsdesign铸造工艺图foundrymoldingdrawing铸件图（毛坯图）drawingofroughcasting起模斜度（拔模斜度）patterndraft收缩余量shrinkageallowance工艺补正量moldingallowance加工余量machiningallowance吃砂量moldthickness补贴pad分型负数jointallowance铸件尺寸公差dimensionaltoleranceofcasting铸件重量公差weightallowanceofcasting铸件加工基准面referencefaceformachiningofcasting铸件表面粗糙度surfaceroughnessofcasting浇冒口系统浇注系统（浇口）gatingsystem,runningsystem封闭式浇注系统chokedrunningsystem,pressurizedgatingsystem半封闭式浇注系统enlargedrunnersystem开放式浇注系统unchokedrunningsystem,non-pressurizedgatingsystem浇口盆（外浇口）pouringbasin浇口杯pouringcup浇口塞blanking-offplug直浇道sprue直浇道窝spruebase横浇道runner筛网芯（滤网芯）strainercore内浇道ingate离心集渣浇注系统whirlgate,dirttrapsystem顶注式浇注系统topgatingsystem底注式浇注系统bottomgatingsystem阶梯式浇注系统stepgatingsystem雨淋浇口showergate缝隙浇口slotgate压边浇口liprunner,kissrunner牛角式浇口horngate热节hotspot冒口riser,feederheed冒口效率riserefficiency明冒口openriser暗冒口blindriser侧冒口（边冒口）sideriser压力冒口pressureriser大气压力冒口atmosphericriser6.2.29发气压力冒口（气弹冒口）gas-deliveredpressureriser6.2.30透气砂芯pencilcore6.2.31冒口颈riserneck冒口根riserpad6.2.33保温冒口套heatinsulatingfeedersleeve6.2.34发热冒口套exothermicfeedersleeve6.2.35补缩距离feedingdistance,feedingzone6.2.36易割冒口knock-offhead6.2.37易割片（易割芯片）washburncore模样铸造工艺装备foundrytoolsandequipment模样（铸模，模）pattern母模masterpattern金属模metalpattern骨架模skeletonpattern石膏模plasterpattern塑料模plasticpattern整体模one-piecepattern分开模partedpattern,splitpattern活块loosepiece模板patternplate模底板patternmountingplate单面模板singlefacepatternplate双面模板matchplate放样（伸图）hotdimensionaldrawing缩尺（模样工缩尺）shrinkagerule,pattern-maker'srule芯盒芯盒corebox脱落式芯盒troughedcorebox下芯量具coresettingscale下芯夹具corejig烘芯板coredryingplate砂箱砂箱flask,moldingbox箱带（箱挡）flaskbar,crossbar脱箱 snapflask套箱 moldjacket套销 hollowpin,stubpin造型及造芯造型造型molding型腔moldcavity

铸型（型）mold砂型sandmold上型（上箱）cope,toppart下型（下箱）drag,bottompart手工造型handmolding机器造型machinemolding自动化造型automaticmolding分型面moldjoint有箱造型flaskmolding两箱造型two-partmolding三箱造型three-partmolding7.1.15无箱造型7.1.16脱箱造型7.1.15无箱造型7.1.16脱箱造型7.1.17地坑造型7.1.18刮板造型7.1.19抛砂造型slingingmolding组芯造型coreassemblymolding假箱造型oddsidemolding微震压实造型vibratorysqueezingmolding高压造型highpressuremolding湿砂型（湿型，潮型）greensandmold砂型烘干molddrying干砂型（干型）drysandmold表面烘干型skindriedmold烂砂泥型loammold砂床bed过渡角transitionangle吊砂cod砂钩lifter负压造型（真空密封造型）vacuummolding流态砂造型fluidsandmolding漏模patternstripping填砂mold-filling紧实（紧砂，舂砂）ramming震实joltramming压实squeezingramming紧实度degreeoframming二氧化碳法造型CO2process自硬砂造型self-hardeningsandmolding塞砂tucking刮砂strike-off造型生产线moldingline刷水swabbing敲模rapping起模（拔模）stripping扎出气孔venting排气道ventingchannel修型patching冷铁densener,chill外冷铁surfacedensener内冷铁internaldensener验型（验箱）trialclosing合型（合箱，组型）moldassembling,closing造芯造芯（制芯）coremaking芯（芯子）core芯骨corerod,corescab油砂芯oilsandcore预制芯embededcore,ramupcore芯头coreprint芯座coreprint芯头斜度coreprinttaper芯头间隙coreprintclearance壳芯shellcore烘芯corebaking通气蜡线ventwax冷芯盒法coldboxprocess热芯盒法hotboxprocess芯撑chaplet造型工具造型工具handtoolsofmolding压勺heartandspoon提沟cleaner双头铜勺（秋叶）doubleendedradiussleeker镘刀trowel造型及造芯设备造型机moldingmachine压实造型机squeezingmoldingmachine震击台bumper振动台vibratingtable微震压实造型机vibratorysqueezer震实造型机joltmoldingmachine高压造型机highpressuremoldingmachine射压造型机shootingandsqueezingmoldingmachine多触头造型机equalizingpistonsqueezer7.4.10抛砂机sandslinger起模机drawingmachine射砂机coreshooter7.4.13挤芯机coreextruder7.4.14铸型输送机moldconveyor铸件落砂及清理落砂及清理落砂shake-out,knock-out除芯decoring噴砂清理sandblasting抛丸清理shotblasting水力清砂hydrauliccleaning水砂清砂hydraulicblast清理cleaning,fettling清砂cleaning火焰表面清理scarfing清铲chipping化学清砂chemicalcleaning精整dressingandfinishing落砂机knock-outmachine抛丸清理机shotblastmachine清理滚筒tumblingbarrel抛丸落砂清理设备shotblastreclaimingequipment悬挂式磨轮swingframegrinder修补及矫正矫正coining,straightening焊补repairwelding渗补impregnation特种铸造9.1金属型铸造9.1.1金属型铸造permanentmoldcastinggravitydiecasting9.1.2金属型metalmold9.1.3金属芯metalcore9.1.4覆砂金属型sand-linedmetalmold9.1.5排气塞ventingplug9.1.6排气槽airvent9.1.7龟裂heatchecking9.1.8金属型铸造机gravitydiecastingmachine9.2压力铸造9.2.1压力铸造（压铸）diecasting,pressurediecasting压铸型die-castingdie,die动型movingdie,ejectordiehalf定型fixeddie,coverdiehalf合型力clampingforce,dielockingforce压室pressurechamber鹅颈管gooseneck分流器spreader,spruespreader顶杆ejectorpin溢流槽overflowwell压射冲头（压室）injectionpiston,plunger压射比压injectionpressure压射速度injectionspeed保压时间dwelltime真空压铸evacuateddiecasting,vacuumdiecasting充氧压铸pore-freediecasting双冲头压铸（精速密压铸）acurad（accurate?）diecasting压铸机diecastingmachine冷室压铸机coldchamberdiecastingmachine热室压铸机hotchamberdiecastingmachine镶铸法insertprocess离心铸造离心铸造truecentrifugalcasting半离心铸造semi-centrifugalcasting离心浇注centrifugalpressurecasting,centrifugecasting双金属离心铸造bimetalcentrifugalcasting离心铸造机centrifugalcastingmachine熔模铸造失模铸造lostpatterncasting熔模铸造（失蜡铸造）fusiblepatternmolding,lost-waxmolding压制熔模fusiblepatterninjection压型patterndie熔模fusiblepattern盐模saltpattern蜡模wax-pattern模组patternassembly熔模涂料（浆料）slurry面层涂料investmentprecoat撒砂stuccoing脱蜡dewaxing熔烧sintering9.5壳型铸造壳型铸造shellmolding结壳时间investingtime结壳温度investingtemperature硬化温度curingtemperature硬化时间curingtime其它铸造方法陶瓷型铸造ceramicmolding陶瓷型浆料ceramicslurry灌浆pastepouring喷烧torchfiring低压铸造low-pressurediecasting充型压力moldfillingpressure保压压力dwellpressure升液管stalk真空吸铸suctioncasting差压铸造（反压铸造）counterpressurecasting实型铸造fullmoldprocess,cavitylesscasting泡沫塑料模styrofoampattern磁型铸造（磁丸铸造）magneticshotmoldingprocess凝壳铸造slushcasting石膏型铸造plastermolding

连续铸造continuouscasting铸件质量及铸件缺陷10.1.110.1.210.1.310.1.410.1.510.1.610.1.110.1.210.1.310.1.410.1.510.1.610.1.710.1.8铸件外观质量visualqualityofcasting铸件内在质量internalqu