大学英语四六级作文练习

Writingandtranslation写作与翻译评分标准满分为30分（折算后213分），成绩分为六个档次，各档次的评分标准见下表：档次写作评分标准13-15分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。10-12分切题。表达思想清楚，文字较连贯，但有少量语言错误。7-9分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。档次翻译评分标准13-15分译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。10-12分译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。7-9分译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。Note：Accordingtothequestion,writeinChinesefirst,thentranslatedintoEnglish.1、Somepeoplethinkthattohaveasuccessfullifeyouhavetohaveuniversityeducation,whileothersthinkit’snotthatimportant.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinionbasedonpersonalexperienceandknowledge.Somepeoplethinkthatspendingalotonholdingweddingparties,birthdaypartiesandothercelebrationsisjustawasteofmoney.Others,however,thinkthatthesearenecessaryforindividualsandthesociety.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouopinion.3、Thepaceoflifeisspeedingupinmanyareas.Wetravelandcommunicatefasterandeatmorefastfood.Somepeoplethinkthistrendhasnegativeeffectsatalllevels—individual,nationalandglobal.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?4、Nowadayschildrenhavetoomuchfreedom.Doyouagreeordisagree?Pleasegiveyourownopinion.5、Itissuggestedthatallsecondary-schoolstudentsshouldberequiredtodounpaidworkintheirfreetimetohelpthelocalcommunity.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?6、Inmanycountries,youngpeopledonothaveenoughrespectforelderlypeople.Whatarethecausesofthissituation?Whatproblemsdoesitbringtosociety?Somepeopleprefertoprovidehelporsupportdirectlytothelocalcommunitywhileothersprefertogivemoneytonationalorinternationalcharitableorganisations.Discussonbothsidesandgiveyourownopinion.8、Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledMyViewonJob-hoppingbycommentingonthedebatewhetheritisreasonableforcollegegraduatestochangetheirhobfrequentlyaftergraduation.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.Somepeopleprefertospendtheirlivesdoingthesamethingsandavoidingchange.Others,however,thinkthatchangeisalwaysagoodthing.Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.Theanswersofwhatsuccessmeansvaryfrompersontopersonandchangetimetotime.Whatdoyouthinkarethesymbolsofsuccessintoday’sChina?Pleasewriteacompositioninnolessthan200wordswithyourcreativity.Writingofanystyleiswelcome.11、12、CompetitionandCooperation=1\*GB3①Thephenomenonofcompetition=2\*GB3②Onecaseofhavingbothcompetitionandcooperation=3\*GB3③Yourcomments13、HowtoSpendLeisureTime=1\*GB3①Harmfulwaysofspendingleisuretime=2\*GB3②Beneficialwaysofspendingleisuretimetheotherhand,weshouldnotexaggeratetheeffectofanameonaperson’sfate.Anyway,aperson’ssuccessmainlydependsonhishardworkanddesirablepersonalities。(186words)MyopiniononcertificatecrazeThegrowingtendencyamongcollegestudentstogetallkindsofcertificateshasnowevolvedintoacraze.Justrandomlyaskastudentwhatheorsheisbusilyengagedindoing,quitepossibly,youwouldgettheanswerthatheorsheispreparingforacertificateofsomekind.So,why'sthecraze?Thereasonbehindthisphenomenoniscommon—theenormouspressureoffindingajob.Facedwithaharshjobmarket,moststudentshavenochoicebuttoseekmorecertificatestoparlaytheirqualifications.Anotherfactoristhatdiplomaandcertificatesstillweighsheavilyintermsofsignifyingone'sability.Forthesakeofincreasingtheiroddsoflandingabetterjob,thestudentsarecompelledtorunfromoneexamtoanother.ThoughIhaveanopenmindtowardthecrazeoncertificates,Isuggestthatstudentsshouldbemorerationalwhenitcomestocertificates,sincetheydonotnecessarilytelltheirability.Instead,theyshouldbemoreinvolvedinlearningandcapabilityboosting,thus,opportunitieswouldcomequitenaturally.本篇亮点表达：Thegrowingtendency…hasnowevolvedinto…bebusilyengagedindoingThereasonbehind…harshjobmarkethavenochoicebutto…parlaytheirqualificationssth.weighsheavilyintermsof…increasingone’soddsof…beinvolvedindoing…becompelledtodo…haveanopenmindtoward…capabilityboostingMilitaryTrainingThereisnodenyingthefactthatithasbeenahotlydebatedtopicwhetherstudentsshouldattendmilitarytraininginChinainthepastyears.Opinionsonthisissuediffersharply.Someholdthepositiveview.Theysaythatthetrainingcannotonlybuildupstudents’bodiesbutalsotempertheirwillpower.Besides,throughthetraining,studentscandeveloptheirteam-spiritandsenseofdiscipline.Others,however,holdtheoppositeview.Theysaythatashortperiodoftrainingasstudentsarehavingnowcannotworkwellinbuildinguptheirbodiesorstrengthentheirwill.Instead,weshouldlayemphasisontheirdailyexerciseandactivitiesforsuchpurpose.What’smore,asuddenincreaseofintensephysicalexercise,especiallyduringsummer,doesharmtostudents’healthandmayevencausedeaths.Whathappenedinthepastyearshasprovedthis.Weighingtheprosandconsofthesearguments,Iaminclinedtoagreewiththeformerpointofview.Militarytrainingisnotonlyameanstostrengthenstudent’sphysiqueandwillpower,butalsoaneffectivewaytoenhancetheirsenseofnationaldefenseandfostertheirpatriotism.Thoughsomedeathshappenedduringthetraining,weshouldnotgiveupeatingforfearofchoking.Besides,thedeathsareperfectevidencethatstudentsneedmoresuchtraining.Ofcourse,measuresshouldbetakentoensurethattheleastharmisdonetothetrainees.Is

Wealth

the

Only

Standard

for

Success?

Everyone

has

a

dream

to

get

rich,

which

is

not

necessarily

bad.

But

if

we

think

too

highly

of

money

and

take

it

as

the

only

standard

for

success,

it

will

be

a

disaster

for

the

country.

A

healthy

society

needs

not

only

ambitious

businesspersons

and

entrepreneurs

but

also

scientists,

researchers

and

common

people.

If

Dong's

philosophy

is

prevalent

in

Chinese

society,

it

will

be

the

saddest

thing

and

the

biggest

humiliation

for

the

nation.

As

a

matter

of

fact,

Dong

mirrored

the

real

condition

in

many

universities.

Nowadays,

if

you

become

a

celebrity,

teachers

and

universities

will

think

highly

of

you.

But

if

you

are

just

a

"small

potato,"

they

will

totally

ignore

you.

Connecting

money

with

everything

and

taking

money

as

the

only

standard

will

twist

the

essence

of

college

education.

If

professors

in

universities

can't

give

students

the

right

standard

of

happiness

and

success

and

the

right

view

of

the

world,

whose

humiliation

is

it

even

if

they

cultivate

many

rich

people

with

high

education

qualification?

TheimportanceofreadingliteratureFromthecartoongivenabove,wecanobservethatthereisateacherandastudentstandingintheclassroom.Whenreceivingaliteraturebookgivenbyherteacher,thelittlegirlseemstobequitenervousandunwilling.Havingobservedherstudent’sresponse,theteachertellsherthat“Justthinkofitasifyouarereadingalongtext-message。”Thecartoonaimsatinformingusofthephenomenonthatquiteafewstudentsoryoungstersarereluctanttoreadliteraturenowadays.WiththeInternetandelectroniccommunicationtoolssuchasmicroblogs,mobilephonesandQQbecomingincreasinglywidespread,quiteafewpeoplearemoreusedtoreadingshortcontext.Theyholdthat,comparedwithlongcontentssuchasliterature,theseshortonesaremoreconvenientandtimesaving.What’smore,manystudentsrefusetoreadliteratureinthattheybelievethatliteratureisboringandoflittleuseinmodernsociety。However,noonecandisclaimtheimportanceofreadingliterature.Itenablespeopletoenrichtheirknowledgeandexpandtheirhorizons.Moreover,readingliteraturealsoinspirespeopletothinkcriticallyandindependently.Lastbutnotleast,byspendingtimeinreadingliterature,wecanalsodevelopandperfecthumanpersonalitysuchasbeingpatientandoptimistic.Hence,whynotjustgetoutoftherealitytemporarilyandspendsometimeonliterature?译文：如图所示，我们可以观察到有一位老师和一个学生正站在教室里。当这个女学生收到老师给的文学书本的时候，她显得紧张而又不情愿。观察到女学生这种反应后，老师告诉她：“你只要把它想成是正在读一条很长的短信就可以了。”这幅漫画告诉我们一个现象，那就是，相当多的学生，或者是年轻人如今都不太乐意阅读文学作品。随着诸如微博、手机和QQ这样的互联网或电子通讯工具变得越来越普及，相当多的人更加适应于阅读短小的信息内容。他们认为，比起文学这样的长篇内容，这些短小内容更加方便和省时。再者，相当多的学生拒绝阅读文学作品是因为他们认为文学作品非常枯燥，并且在现代社会没有什么用处。然而，我们不能否认阅读文学作品的重要性。它能使我们丰富知识，拓宽视野。而且，阅读文学作品可以激发我们批判性地、独立性地思考问题。最后，通过花时间在阅读文学作品上，我们也可以发展和完善我们的人格，比如变得有耐心、乐观。因此，我们威慑么不可以暂时的远离现实而花一些时间在文学上呢？LearningbasicskillsAsisvividlydepictedinthecartoongivenabove,wecanobservethattherearemanystudentssittinginaclassroom.Whenlisteningtotheteacher,oneofthestudentsjustinterruptstheteacherandsays“Nooffense,butbythetimewe’reinthejobmarket,won’tthatstuffbeoutdated?”Havingheardthisquestion,theteacherstopsdemonstratingtheMultiplicationTableandseemstobequiteshockedandembarrassed.Thecartooninformsusofthephenomenonthatquiteafewstudentsundervaluetheimportanceoflearningbasicskillsthesedays.Confrontedwithfiercercompetitionfromsocietyandemploymentmarket,studentsaremorefocusedonpracticalskillswhichcanbeappliedindailyworkimmediately.Moreover,theyalsofearsthatthebasicknowledgeandskillstheylearntodaywillbeoutdatedbythetimetheyareinthejobmarket。However,noonecandisclaimtheimportanceoflearningbasicskills.Itenablesustolayastrongfoundationforfurtherlearningandexploration.Inotherwords,thosewhohavemasteredbasicskillswellaremorelikelytoacquireotherskillsandknowledgewithease.Basicskillsareequivalenttothefirststepofsuccess,asanancientChinesesayinggoes,“Aroadofthousandmilestowardsthesuccessbeginswiththefirststep。”译文：如图中生动的描绘那样，我们可以观察到有很多的学生坐在教室里。当在听老师讲课的时候，一个学生打断了老师并且说道：“老师，我无意冒犯，但是，等我们工作的时候，你教得这些东西难道不会过时吗？”听到这个问题，老师停止了演示乘法口诀表，显得相当震惊和尴尬。这幅图画告诉我们一个现象，那就是相当多的学生现在都轻视学习基本技能的重要性。面对着来自社会和职场的越来越激烈的竞争，学生们更关注那些可以马上应用于日常工作中的实际技能。而且，他们也担心他们今天学的基础知识和技能可能等到他们工作的时候，就过时了。然而，没有人可以否认学习基本技能的重要性。它可以使我们为未来的进一步学习和探索奠定坚实的基础。换句话说，那些良好地掌握了基本技能的人更有可能轻松地获得其他的技能和知识。基本技能相当于成功的第一步，正如古代中国俗语有云：“通往成功的千里之行，始于足下”。IbelieveinourfutureHonorableJudges,fellowstudents:Goodafternoon!Recently,thereisaheateddebateinoursociety.Thecollegestudentsarethebeneficiariesofarareprivilege,whoreceiveexceptionaleducationatextraordinaryplaces.Butwillwebeabletofacethechallengeandsupportourselvesagainstallodds?Willwebeabletobetterthelivesofothers?Willwebeabletoaccepttheresponsibilityofbuildingthefutureofourcountry?Thecynics（愤青）saythecollegestudentsarethepamperedlostgeneration,whichwouldcringeattheslightestdiscomfort.Butthecynicsarewrong.ThecollegestudentsIseeareeagerlylearningabouthowtoliveindependently.Wehelpeachothercleanthedormitory,goshoppingandbargaintogether,andtakeparttimejobstosupplementourpocketmoney.Thecynicssaywecarefornothingotherthangrades;andweneglecttheneedforcharactercultivation.Butagain,thecynicsarewrong.Wecaredeeplyforeachother,wecherishfreedom,wetreasurejustice,andweseektruth.Lastweek,thousandsofmyfellowstudentshadtheirbloodtypetestedinordertomakeacontributionforthechildrenwhosufferfrombloodcancer.Ascollegestudents,weareadolescentsatthecriticalturningpointinourlives.Weallfaceafundamentalchoice:cynicismorfaith,eachwillprofoundlyimpactourfuture,oreventhefutureofourcountry.Ibelieveinallmyfellowclassmates.Thoughwearestillinexperiencedandevenalittlebitchildish.Ibelievethatwehavethecourageandfaithtomeetanychallengeandtakeonourresponsibilities.Wearepreparingtoassumenewresponsibilitiesandtasks,andtousetheeducationwehavereceivedtomakeourworldabetterplace.Ibelieveinourfuture.我对未来充满信心尊敬的评委，各位同学：下午好！最近，社会上有一场很激烈的争论。大学生是一种稀有特权的享有者，在很棒的地方接受高等教育。但是，我们能面对挑战而无所畏惧吗？我们能够改善他人的生活吗？我们能够承担建设祖国未来的重任吗？怀疑论者说大学生是被宠坏的一代，一丁点挫折都受不了。但是他们错了，我所看到的大学生正在努力的学习独立生活。我们互相帮助打扫卫生，一起上街砍价购物，一起参加兼职工作来赚零花钱。怀疑论者说我们除了成绩什么都不关心，从而忽略了性格的培养。但是，他们又错了。我们彼此关心，我们向往自由，我们珍惜公正，我们追求真理。上个星期，很多我的同学去验血，为了给患血癌的孩子贡献自己的力量。作为大学生，我们是处在人生分水岭的青年。我们都面临一个重要的选择：怀疑人生还是相信自己，每一种都会给我们的人生带来重大的影响，甚至影响我们祖国的未来。我相信我们的同学们，虽然我们依然缺乏经验，甚至有些志气，但是我相信我们有勇气和自信来面对生活的挑战并承担我们的责任。我们正努力准备接受新的任务，用我们所学习的知识将世界变得更美好。我对我们的未来充满信心。IWanttoSmileTherearemanyadvantagesofsmiling.Itcannotonlymakeushappy,butalsopleaseothers.Ifwesmileatlife,lifewillsmileonusinreturn.SoIwanttosmileatallwheneverandwhereverpossible.First,Iwouldliketosmileatmyparentsbecausetheyhavegivenmelifeandtakeallthetroubletobringmeup.Theyarrangealmosteverythingforme.Withtheirhelp,Ihavemadegreatprogress.Iwouldliketosay“Thankyou”tothemwithasmile.Thenmysmileshouldgotomyself,foronlyinthiswaycanIgainmoreconfidenceinsmilingmytroublesawayandliveabetterlife.Inaword,let’sgreeteverydaywithasmile.Tomorrowisanotherday.语法部分名词的单复数(二)冠词(三)数词(四)代词/不定代词(五)形容词和副词的比较等级(六)时态和语态(七)情态动词(八)非谓语动词(九)独立主格结构(十)复合句(十一)主谓一致(十二)倒装(十三)虚拟语气(十二)倒装英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前,就叫做倒装结构。全部谓语放在主语之前,叫做全部倒装;只把部分谓语(助动词或情态动词)放在主语之前就叫做部分倒装。全部倒装：全部谓语+主语+其他。全部倒装一般是存在于以下列副词开头的句子中：1.出于修辞需要出于修辞需要，表示方向的副词有out,down,in,up,away,on。如：Downjumpedtheburglarfromthetenthfloorassoonashewasfound.盗贼一被发现就从10楼跳了下去。2.出于习惯用法here,there,now,thus,hence,then。here，there用于倒装结构时主语一般为名词，如果是人称代词则不需要倒装。如：Nowisyourturn.轮到你了。Theregoesthebell.上课铃响了。Herecomesthebus.公交车来了。Herehecomes.他来了。3.为了使句子平衡有时主语较长，为了使句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，要全部倒装。如：Tothisclassbelongsthemostastonishingworkthattheauthoraccomplished.属于这一类的有作者所完成的一部最惊人的著作。部分倒装：部分谓语(助动词或情态动词)+主语+其他。1.否定词否定词及含有否定意义的词组修饰状语时，若置于句首，句子的主谓要部分倒装。如果谓语动词是单个实义动词，倒装时需根据人称和时态加助动词do。常用否定词有never,no,neither,notonly,hardly,scarcely,little,seldom,rarely,notuntil,nowhere,atnotime,onnoaccount,innorespect,innosense,bynomeans,invain,stillless等。如：Notoncedidhetalktome.他一次也没有和我谈过。Hardlyhadhearrivedwhenhestartedcomplaining.他一到家，就抱怨起来。Neverdidhespeakabouthisownmerits.他从不讲自己的功绩。2.以only修饰状语开头以only修饰状语(副词，介词短语，状语从句)开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装。onlythen,onlyatthattime,onlyonce,onlyinthisway,onlywith,onlythrough,onlyby,onlywhen,onlyafter,onlybecause。如：OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnRussian.只有这样才能学会俄语。Onlywhenwehaveobtainedsufficientinformationcanwemakethedecision.只有当我们获得了充分的信息才能做出决定。3.以某些副词或短语开头以下列副词或短语开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装。此类副词或短语有often,so,well,tosuchadegree,tosuchanextent,tosuchextremes,tosuchapoint,manyatime等。如：ManyatimehaveIclimbedthatmountain.那座山我爬过很多次。4.比较从句的倒装。as,than引导的比较从句中，如果主语是名词短语且较长，经常采用倒装结构。这种结构主语一般为名词，如果是代词则不倒装。如：Hydrogenburnsmuchmorecleanlythandootherfuels.氢比其他燃料燃烧的更干净。Readingistothemindasisexercisetothebody.阅读对于心灵之重要，犹如运动之于身体。5.倒装用于前面所说的情况也适用于另一人或物的肯定句或否定句中的倒装。1)肯定重复倒装用so。如：Heislate,soishisdeskmate.他迟到了，他的同桌也迟到了。2)否定重复倒装用nor,neither。如：Ifyoudon’tagreetoourplan,neitherwillthey.如果你不赞成我们的计划，他们也不会赞成。6.“notonly...butalso”结构“notonly...butalso”结构中，如果notonly放在句首，则前半句倒装，but(also)句子后面不倒装。如：Notonlydidmyfatherpraiseme,butalsohegavemesomemoney.父亲不但表扬了我，还给了我一些钱。特殊形式的倒装结构是指句子虽然是倒装结构，但不是主谓倒装，而往往是出于强调的需要，把强调部分移到句首，而其他部分顺序不需要改变，句子主谓不需要倒装。出现这样的情况有以下两种可能：1.让步从句的倒装as引导让步状语从句，必须采用倒装结构，但不是主谓倒装，而是将被强调的内容置于句首。如：Youngasheis,hewinsthefirstprize.尽管他还年轻，但却获得了一等奖。2.nomatterhow引导的让步状语从句nomatterhow(who...),however等引导的让步状语从句必须采用倒装结构，但不是主谓倒装，而是将被强调的内容置于句首。如：Nomatterhowbusyheis,hehastoattendthemeeting.不论他有多忙，都必须参加会议。Howevercolditis,healwaysgoesswimming.无论天气有多么冷，他总是去游泳。(十三)虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。虚拟语气可用于多种句式中。用法1.用在简单句中虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。如：Mayyoubehappy.祝你幸福。Mayyouhaveagoodtime.祝愿你玩的痛快。Maythefriendshipbetweenuslastlong.祝愿我们的友情天长地久。Haveagoodjourney!祝愿你旅途愉快！2.用在宾语从句中动词wish,suggest,order,insist,propose等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。动词demand,suggest,order,insist,propose后面的从句中，“should”可以省略。如；Iwishshewouldbeonmyside.我希望她能站在我这一边。Heinsistedthatallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。Heorderedthatthestudentswashtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。3.用在主语从句中“Itis(was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that...”结构中，主语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气；“Itistime(abouttime，hightime)that...”结构中，主语从句的谓语用“过去时动词形式或should＋动词原形”也表示虚拟语气。如；It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。ItishightimeIwenthomenow.=ItishightimeIshouldgohomenow.我们该回家了。4.用在表语从句、同位语从句中在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，advice，decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形”。如：Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgothereatonce.我建议我们马上去那儿。WhatdoyouthinkofhisproposalthatweshouldputonanEnglishplayattheparty?我们在晚会上演一部英语话剧，你觉得我的建议怎么样?5.用在一般虚拟条件句中虚拟语气用在一般虚拟条件句中，表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设。1)与现在事实相反的假设。句子结构为：从句：if+主语+动词的过去式(be变were)+其他；主句：主语+would(should,could,might)+动词原形+其他。如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldpromisehim.如果我是你，就答应他了。2)与过去事实相反的假设。句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他；主句：主语+should(would,could,might)+现在完成时+其他。如：Ifyouhadpracticemorelastterm,youcouldhavepassedthewritingexam.如果上学期你多做练习的话，就能通过写作考试了。3)对将来事实实现的可能性不大的假设。句子结构为：从句：If+主语+should(wereto)+动词原形+其他；主句：主语+would(could,should,might)+动词原形。如;IfheweretoleaveforQingdaotomorrow.Hemighttellyou.如果他明天去青岛，会告诉你的。注意事项1.If引导的状语从句可省略if有时if引导的状语从句可以省略if，而把从句中的动词were,had或should移到主语前面。如：Hadheknownheraddress,hewouldhavegonetovisither.如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。2.虚拟条件句或主句的省略有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。如：Icouldhelpyou.我本来可以帮助你。IfIhadtime.我要有时间该多好啊！Sheshouldhavecometothemeeting.她应该来参加会议。3.虚拟条件句和主句的时态可不一致虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作时态可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。1)从句表示过去，主句表示现在。如：Iftheyhadstartedearlyyesterdaymorning,theywouldbeherenow.如果他们昨天早出发的话，现在就到这儿了。