丁往道英语写作手册

英语基础写作

EnglishWriting

WuHaiping(武海平)1精选课件Agametostartwith...

2精选课件Agametostartwith

Titanicisgoingtosink...Thereare8passengers.However,thereareonly7seatsinthelifeboat.3精选课件Thepassengers:1acleaner2adoctor3afarmer4asinger5ateacher6apregnantwoman7apolicewoman8acollegestudent4精选课件5精选课件Part1ManuscriptForm文稿格式Whatisagoodmanuscriptform?writingthetitle写标题leavingmargins纸边留空indenting段落开端缩进capitalizing大写dividingwords词的移行6精选课件

1Arrangement安排Abouttitles关于题目1)writethetitleinthemiddleofthefirstline.题目应写在第一行的中间7精选课件Abouttitles关于题目2）capitalizethefirstandlastwordsofthetitleandallotherwords.题目的第一个和最后一个词应用大写字母开始。3)(includingwordsfollowinghypensincompoundwords包括复合词中在连字符后面的词)8精选课件Abouttitles关于题目4）exceptarticles,coornidatingconjunctions,shortprepositions,andthetoininfinitives.但冠词、并列连词、介词和不定时的to除外5）Noperiodisusedattheendofatitle.题目后不加句号9精选课件Abouttitles关于题目6）useaquestionmarkifthetitleisadirectquestion,butdonotuseoneifthetitleiaanindirctquestion如果题目是疑问句，应加问号：如果是间接引语形式的疑问句，则不加问号10精选课件Abouttitles关于题目7）usequotationmarkswithquotesortitlesofarticles题目中的引用词语或文章的标题，应加引号。8)underline/italicizenamesofbooks.书名应用斜体或在下面划线

11精选课件Indentthefirstlineofeveryparagraph,leavingaspaceofabout4or5letters.每段的开头应缩进，即留出4到5个字母的空白。Part1ManuscriptForm文稿格式

12精选课件Part1ManuscriptForm

文稿格式1Arrangement安排2Capitalization大写3WordDivision移行4Punctuation标点

5Handwriting书法13精选课件鸡肉炒面

Chickenchowmein

视频\中餐速成.Chinese.Food.Made.Easy鸡肉炒面.mp414精选课件15精选课件利伯缇大学公开课：英文写作

AmericanLibertyUniversity

16精选课件Part2TheSentenceⅠ.CompleteSentencesandSentencesFragments完整句和不完全句17精选课件subject主语predicateverb谓语动词transitiveverb及物动词object宾语link-verb系动词predicative表语complement补语18精选课件attributes定语adverbials状语19精选课件逗号错

commafaultTheuseofacommainplaceofaperiod,asemicolon,acolon,oradashinEnglishwritingiscalledthecommafault.中文里可以用逗号将两个完整的句子分开，英文则不可以。英文里需要用句号，分号、冒号、破折号分开两个句子，否则就叫“逗号错”20精选课件P35Ⅱ.TypeofSentences

句子类型

(use)1.Declarative,interrogative,imperative,andexclamatorysentences陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句21精选课件1.declarativesentence陈述句Sheismyfiance.22精选课件2.interrogative疑问句Whoisyourfavouriteauthor?23精选课件3.imperativesentence祈使句Don'ttouchme.24精选课件4.exclamatorysentence感叹句Howwellyoulook!Whatamess!25精选课件P35Ⅱ.TypeofSentences

句子类型

(structure)2.simple,compound,complex,orcompound-complexsentences简单句、并列句、复合句或并列复合句26精选课件simplesentence简单句Ithasonesubjectandonepredicateverb.Toseeistobelieve.27精选课件compoundsentence并列句Itconsistsof2ormoresimplesentencesandlinkedbyand,but,or,etc.Honeyissweet,butthebeestings.28精选课件complexsentence复合句Itcontainsonemain(principle)clauseandoneormoredependent(subordinate)clause.29精选课件Whoevercomesiswelcome.Thequestionishowhedidit.IbelievethatIcanfly.Allthatglittersisnotgold.Youareabletogowhereveryoulike.30精选课件compound-complexsentence并列复合句31精选课件ADaytoRemember32精选课件3.loose,periodic,andbalancedsentences松散句、圆周句（掉尾句）或对偶句P37Ⅱ.TypeofSentences

句子类型

(rhetorical修辞的pointofview)33精选课件松散句Aloosesentenceputsthemainideafirst,andletsthereaderknowwhatitismainlyaboutwhenhehasreadthefirstfewwords.34精选课件圆周句Inaperiodicsentence,themainideaisexpressedatorneartheendofit.35精选课件对偶句Whenasentencecontainstwoparallelclausessimilarinstructurebutcontrastedinmeaning,itisabalancedsentence.36精选课件Loosesentencesareeasier,simpler,morenaturalanddirect.37精选课件Periodicsentencesaremorecomplex,formalandliterary.38精选课件Balancedsentencesareimpressive.Theyaremainlyusedinformalwriting,likeexpository说明的andargumentative议论的proseandspeeches.39精选课件40精选课件MyNationalDay41精选课件P41

Ⅲ.EffectiveSentences有效句1.Unity统一性2.Coherence连贯性3.Conciseness简洁性4.Emphasis强调性5.Variety多样性42精选课件P41

1.Unity统一性Aunifiedsentenceexpressesasinglecompletethought.Itdoesnotcontainideasthatarenotcloselyrelated,nordoesitexpressathoughtthatisnotcompletebyitself.43精选课件Ⅲ.EffectiveSentences有效句1.Unity统一性2.Coherence连贯性3.Conciseness简洁性4.Emphasis强调性5.Variety多样性44精选课件2.Coherence连贯性Coherencemeansclearandreasonableconnectionbetweenparts.45精选课件P422.Coherence连贯性1)faultyparallelconstructions平行结构使用有误2)pronounswithambiguousreference代词指代不明46精选课件3)dangling(mispalced)modifiers垂悬修饰语（使用不当的修饰语）4)confusingshiftsinpersonandnumberorinvoice,tenseandmood.人称、数、语气和语态上的变动混乱47精选课件Ⅲ.EffectiveSentences有效句1.Unity统一性2.Coherence连贯性3.Conciseness简洁性4.Emphasis强调性5.Variety多样性48精选课件

P46

3.Conciseness简洁性

Asentenceshouldcontainnounnecessarywords.Iftheideaisfullyexpressed,thefewerwordsareused,thebetter.Wordinessonlyobscurestheidea.49精选课件Ⅲ.EffectiveSentences有效句1.Unity统一性2.Coherence连贯性3.Conciseness简洁性4.Emphasis强调性5.Variety多样性50精选课件P49

4.Emphasis强调性Whenthereisanimportantidea,itshouldbeexpressedwithemphasis.51精选课件(1)Emphaticsentences整句强调1.shortsentences短句2.sentencefragments不完整句3.invertedsentences倒装句4.parallelconstructionsandbalancedsentences平行结构和对称句5.periodicsentences

圆周句52精选课件6.imperativeandexclamatorysentences祈使句和感叹句7.Rhetoricalquestions修辞问句或反问句8.negative-positivesentences否定肯定句9.Sentenceswithrepeatedwordsorphrases有重复词或短语的句子53精选课件(2)Emphasiswithinthesentence句内强调1placing位置2repetition重复3theverbandactivevoice动词和主动语态4subordination从属5emphaticwordsandphrases表示强调的词或短语6alliteration头韵54精选课件55精选课件

P63PartFour:TheParagraph段落Aparagraphislikeamini-essay;itshouldbeunified,coherentandwelldeveloped.56精选课件Ⅰ.EffectiveParagraphs有效段落

1.unity统一性Ifallthesentencesinaparagraphleadtoonecentraltheme,theparagraphisunified.Thecentralthemeisusuallysummarizedinwhatiscalledthetopicsentence.57精选课件P6258精选课件P63

59精选课件60精选课件61精选课件62精选课件63精选课件64精选课件P65Ⅰ.EffectiveParagraphs有效段落

2.Coherence连贯性65精选课件66精选课件WaysofDevelopingParagraphs

段落的展开法1.Developmentbytime按时间展开67精选课件2.Developmentbyprocess按过程展开68精选课件3.Developmentbyspace

按空间展开69精选课件4.DevelopmentbyExampleorGeneralization

用举例和归纳方式展开70精选课件5.DevelopmentbyComparisonandContrast用类比和对比方式展开71精选课件6.DevelopmentbyCauseandEffect

用原因和结果方式展开72精选课件7.DevelopmentbyClassification用分类方式展开73精选课件8.DevelopmentbyDefination用定义方式展开74精选课件75精选课件英语句型