2023年教师资格（初级中学）-英语知识与教学能力（高中）笔试历年高频考点试卷带答案

2023年教师资格（初级中学）-英语知识与教学能力（高中）笔试历年高频考点试卷带答案卷I一.单项选择题(共10题)1.WhydoGermanandFrenchbabiesproducedifferenttypesofcriesaccordingtotheresearch?A.Becausetheycancontrolwhattheyhear.B.Becausetheycancontroltheirdifferentbreathingpatterns.C.Becausetheydon'tsharethesamephysiologicalstructure.D.Becausetheycansomehowcontroltheirsoundproduction.正确答案：D,2.Modemscientistsdividetheprocessofdyingintotwostages-clinicalortemporarydeathandbiologicaldeath.Clinicaldeathoccurswhenthevitalorgans,suchastheheartorlungs,haveceasedtofunction,buthavenotsuffered

permanentdamage.TheorganismcanstillbereviveD.Biologicaldeathoccurswhenchangesintheorganismleadtothedisintegrationofvitalcellsandtissues.Deathisthenirreversibleandfinal.Scientistshavebeenseekingawaytoprolongtheperiodofclinicaldeathsothattheorganismcanberevivedbeforebiologicaldeathoccurs.Thebestmethoddevelopedsofarinvolvescoolingoftheorganism,combinedwithnarcoticsleep.Byslowingdownthebody^metabolism,coolingdelaystheprocessesleadingtobiologicaldeath.Toillustratehowthisworks,scientistsperformedanexperimentonasix-year-oldfemalemonkeycalledKetA.ThescientistsputKetatosleepwithanarcotic.Thentheysurroundedherbodywithice-bagsandbegancheckingherbodytemperature.Whenithaddroppedto28degreesthescientistsbegandrainingbloodfromitsbody.Themonkey’sbloodpressuredecreasedandanhourlaterboththeheartandbreathingstopped;clinicaldeathsetin.FortwentyminutesKetaremainedinthisstate.Hertemperaturedroppedto22degrees.Atthispointthescientistspumpedbloodintoitsbodyinthedirectionoftheheartandstartedartificialbreathing.Aftertwominutesthemonkey’sheartbecameactiveoncemore.Afterfifteenminutes,spontaneousbreathingbegan,andafterfourhoursKetaopenedhereyesandliftedherheaD.Aftersixhours,whenthescientiststriedtogiveherapenicillininjection.Ketaseizedthesyringeandranwithitaroundtheroom.Herbehaviordifferedlittlefromthatofahealthyanimal. Onecharacteristicofclinicaldeathis______.A.lastingdamagetothelungsB.destructionofthetissuesC.temporarynon-functioningoftheheartD.thattheorganismcannotberevived正确答案：C,3.Backintheolddays,whenIwasachild,wesataroundthefamilyroundtableatdinnertimeandexchangedourdailyexperiences.Itwasn5tveryorganized,buteveryonewasrecognizedandallthenewsthathadtobetoldwastoldbyeachfamilymember.Welistenedtoeachotherandtheinterestwasnotput-on;itwasreal.Ourfamilywasaunitandwesupportedeachother,andnurturedeachother,andlikedeachother,andwewereevenwillingtoadmitwelovedeachother.Today,thefamilyroundtablehasmovedtothelocalfast-foodrestaurantandtalkisnoteasy,muchlessencourageD.Grandma,whousedtoliveupstairs,isnowthevoiceonlongdistance,andtheworkingparentisfartoobeatendowneachdaytospendeveningrelaxationtimelisteningtothesandboxexperienceofaneagerfour-year-olD.Sofamilyconversationisasextinctasmyoldtoysandparentalquestionssuchas44Whathaveyoubeendoing,Bobby?55havebeenreplacedby“I’mbusy,gowatchtelevision.”AndwatchTVtheydo;countthembythemillions.Butit’susuallynotchildren’stelevisionthatchildrenwatch.Saturdaymorning,thechildren’shour，amountstoonlyabout8percentoftheirweeklyviewing.Wherearetheytobefound?Watchingadulttelevision,ofcourse,fromtheMatchGameinthemorning,totheafternoonatGeneralHospital,fromthemuggingsandbattlesontheeveningnewsrightthroughthefamilyhourandpastintoStanskyandHutch.Thafswhereyoufindourkids,overfivemillionofthem,at10p.m.,notfewerthanamillionuntilaftermidnight!Allofthisisdonewithparentalpermission.Television,usedwell,canprovideenrichingexperiencesforouryoungpeople,butwemustuseitwithsomesense.Whenthecarpetisclean,weturnoffthevacuumcleaner.Whenthedishesareclean,thedishwasherturnsitselfoff.Notsothetelevision,whichisonfromthesuninthemorningtothemoonatnightandbeyond!ParentsmustexercisesomecontrolandshowsomeconcernabouttheculturalinfluenceonthechildwhenaprogramnotintendedforthatchildisvieweD.Parentsneedtointervene.Noninterventionmaybeawisepolicyininternationalaffairs,buttheresultsofparentalnoninterventionwillnotbewiseatall. Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?______.A.ParentalnoninterventionwillnotbepraiseD.B.Noninterventionmaybeagoodpolicyininternationalaffairs.C.Parentsmustexercisesomecontrolandshowsomeconcernabouttheculturalinfluenceonthechildren.D.Parentsneedtointervene.正确答案：C,4.Manypeoplebelievetheglarefromsnowcausessnowblindness.Yet,darkglassesornot,theyfindthemselvessufferingfromheadachesandwateringeyes,andevensnowblindness,whenexposedtoseveralhoursof“snowlight”.TheUnitedStatesArmyhasnowdeterminedthattheglarefromsnowdoesnotcausesnowblindnessintroopsinasnow-coveredcountry.Rather,aman’seyesfrequentlyfindnothingtofocusoninabroadexpanseofbarrensnow-coveredterrain.Sohisgazecontinuallyshiftsandjumpsbackandforthovertheentirelandscapeinsearchofsomethingtolookat.Findingnothing,hourafterhour,theeyesneverstopsearchingandtheeyeballsbecomesoreandtheeyemusclesache.Natureoffsetsthisirritationbyproducingmoreandmorefluidwhichcoverstheeyeball.Thefluidcoverstheeyeballinanincreasingquantityuntilvisionblurs,thenisobscured,andtheresultistotal,eventhoughtemporary,snowblindness.ExperimentsledtheArmytoasimplemethodofovercomingthisproblem.Scoutsaheadofamainbodyoftroopsaretrainedtoshakesnowfromevergreenbushes,creatingadottedlineastheycrosscompletelysnow-coveredlandscape,EventheScoutsthemselvesthrowlightweight,darkcoloredobjectsaheadonwhichtheyalsocanfocus.Themenfollowingcanthenseesomething.TheirgazeisarresteD.Theireyesfocusonabushandhavingfoundsomethingtosee，stopscouringthesnow-blanketedlandscape.Byfocusingtheirattentionononeobjectatatime,themencancrossthesnowwithoutbecominghopelesslysnowblindorlost.Inthiswaytheproblemofcrossingasolidwhiteterrainisovercome. Snowblindnessmaybeavoidedby______.A.concentratingtothesolidwhiteterrainB.searchingforsomethingtolookatinsnow-coveredterrainC.providingtheeyeswithsomethingtofocusonD.coveringtheeyeballswithfluid正确答案：C,5.--HasyourformerclassmatecomebackfromtheUSA?--Yes,he___________thereforeightyears.A.hasstayedB.staysC.stayedD.hadstayed正确答案：C,6.Iwillneverknowallthatwasinhisheadatthetime,______.A.norwillanyoneelseB.noranyoneelsewillC.norwon’tanyoneelseD.noranyoneelsewon’t正确答案：A,7.Howmuchdoestheticket______fromShanghaitoBeijing?A.cost

B.take

C.spend

D.pay正确答案：A,8.PassageTwoAdvertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey’realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowarounD.“It’siniquitous,"theysay,"thisentirelyunproductiveindustry(ifwecancallitthat)shouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon’ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoods?Afterall,it’stheconsumerwhopays”.Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.AgreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementswereaD.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashingmachine,itismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformance,price,etcfromanadvertisement.Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisements,butthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubteD.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenare,too!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.Wouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybylawswhilewaitingforatrain?Wouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaper?Acheerful,wittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities.Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,commercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaper,orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammesisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice!Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthe“smallads.”whichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstance,youcanfindajob,buyorsellahouse，announceabirth,marriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe“hatch,matchanddispatch”columnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonalor“agony”column.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.Ifsthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis! Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Advertisement.B.Thebenefitsofadvertisement.C.Advertisersperformausefulservicetocommunities.D.Thecostsofadvertisement.正确答案：B,9.AccordingtoNoamChomsky,humanbeingsarebomwithaninnateabilitytoacquireandproducelanguageknownas→←.A.CATB.MRIC.TGD.LAD正确答案：D,10.Whatshouldyouthinkaboutintryingtofindyourcareer?Youareprobablybetteratsomeschoolsubjectsthanothers.Thesemayshowstrengthsthatyoucanuseinyourwork.Aboywhoisgoodatmathematicscanusethatinanengineeringcareer.AgirlwhospellswellandlikesEnglishmaybegoodatofficework.Soitisimportanttoknowthesubjectsyoudowellinatschool.Ontheotherhand,youmaynothaveanyspeciallystrongorweaksubjectsbutyourrecordsshowageneralsatisfactorystandarD.Althoughnotallsubjectscanbeuseddirectlyinajob,theymayhaveindirectvalue.Knowledgeofhistoryisnotrequiredformostjobsbutifhistoryisoneofyourgoodsubjectsyouwillhavelearnedtorememberfactsanddetails.Thisisanabilitythatcanbeusefulinmanyjobs.Yourschoolmayhavetaughtyouskills,suchastypingortechnicaldrawing,whichyoucanuseinyourwork.Youmaybegoodatmetalworkorcookeryandlookforajobwhereyoucanimprovetheseskills.Ifyouhavehadapart-timejobonSaturdaysorinthesummer,thinkwhatyougainedfromit.Ifnothingelse,youmayhavelearnedhowtogettoworkontime,tofollowinstructionsandtogetonwitholderworkers.Youmayhavelearnedtogivecorrectchangeinashop,forexample.Justasimportant,youmaybecomeinterestedinaparticularindustryorcareeryouseefromtheinsideinapart-timejoB.Facingyourweakpointsisalsopartofknowingyourself.Youmaybeallthumbswhenyouhandletools;perhapsyouareapoorspellerorcannotaddupacolumnoffigures.Itisbittertofaceanyweaknessesthantopretendtheydonotexist.Yourschoolrecord,forinstance,maynotbetoogood,yetitisanimportantpartofyourbackgrounD.Youshouldnotbeapologeticaboutitbutinsteadrecognizethatyouwillhaveachanceofafreshstartatwork. Thewholepassagecenterson______.A.choosingacareeraccordingtowhatoneisskilledinB.acquiringknowledgebyworkinghardatschoolC.findingone’sstrongandweakpointsD.developingone’sabilitiesuseftilinschoolwork正确答案：A,卷II一.单项选择题(共10题)1.Whichofthefollowingwouldateacherencouragestudentstodoinordertodeveloptheircognitive

strategies?A.Tomakeastudyplan.B.Tosummarizeastory.C.Toreadatextaloud.D.Todopatterndrills.正确答案：B,2.Themenwhoracethecarsaregenerallysmall,withatight,nervouslook.Theyrangefromtheearly20stothemiddle40s,anditisusuallytheirnervesthatgofirst.Fearisthedriver’sconstantcompanion,andtragedycanbejustastepbehinD.Scarcelyamaninthe500doesnotcarrythescarsofaccidentcrashes.Themarkoftheplasticsurgeoniseverywhere,andburnedskiniscommon.Sometimesadriver^scarsareinvisible,partofhisheritage.Twoyoungdrivers,BillyVukovichandGaryBettenhausen,racedintheirfirst500in1968.Lessthan20yearsbefore,theirfathersalsocompetedagainstoneanotherontheIndytrack-anddiedthere.Allthisthedriversaccept.Overtheyears,theyhavelearnedtotrusttheirowntechniques,reflexes,andcourage.Theydepend,too,onatrustedservant-scientificengineering.Thoughtheymaynothavehadagreatdealofschooling(anexceptionisNewZealand’sBruceMcLaren,whohadanengineeringdegree),manydriversaregiftedmechanics，withafeelingfortheirenginesthatamounttokinship.Afewtopdrivershavebecomeextremelywealthy,withsix-figureincomesfromprizemoney,endorsement,andjobswithauto-productmanufacturers.Somehavebusinessesoftheirown.McLarendesignsracingchassis(底盘).DanGumeyJsCaliforniafactorymanufacturedthechassisofthreeofthefirstfourcarsinthe1968Indy500,includinghisownsecondplacecar.Yetmoneyisnottheonlyreasonwhymenracecars.Perhapsitisn’teventhemajorreason.ThreetimesIndywinner(1961,1964,1967).A.J.Foyt,forexample,canfrequentlybefoundcompetingondirtytracksinminor-leagueraces,wheremoney,crowdsandsafetyfeaturesarelimiteD.andonlythedangerisnot.Whydoeshedoit?SometimesFoytanswers,“It’sinmyblooD.’’Othertimeshesays,“Itisgoodpractice.”Nowandthenhereplies,“Don’taskdumbquestions.’’ Theinvisiblescarsofthedriversmentionedinthesecondparagraphrefersto______.A.theregretsleftbytheirfathersB.thefearsleftbytheirfathersC.thecarsleftbytheirfathersD.theheritageleftbytheirfathers正确答案：A,3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAudio-lingualMethodiswrong?v

A.Themethodinvolvesgivingthelearnerstimuliintheformofprompts.B.Themethodinvolvespraisingthecorrectresponseorpublishingincorrectresponseuntiltherightoneisgiven.C.Mothertongueisacceptedintheclassroomjustasthetargetlanguage.D.Emphasisislaiduponusingorallanguageintheclassroom;somereadingandwritingmightbedoneashomework.正确答案：C,4.Africanelephantshavebeenslaughteredatalarmingrateoverthepastdecade,largelybecausetheyaretheprimarysourceoftheworldsivory.Theirpopulationhasbeendwindledfroml.3millionin1979tojust625,000today,andtherateofkillinghasbeenacceleratinginrecentyearsbecausemanyoftheolder,biggertuskedanimalshavealreadybeendestroyeD.“Thepoachersnowmustkilltimesasmanyelephantstogetthesamequantityofivory,”explainedCurtisBohlen,SeniorvicepresidentoftheWorldWildlifeFunD.Thoughitsrecordontheenvironmenthasbeenspottysofar,thegovernmentlastweektooktheleadinamajorconservationissuebyimposingabanonivoryimportsintotheUS.Themovecamejustfourdaysafteraconsortiumofconservationgroups,includingtheWorldWildlifeFundandWildlifeConservationInternational,calledforthatkindofaction,anditmadetheUSthefirstnationtoforbidimportsofbothrawandfinishedivory.Theban,saysBohlen,sendsaveryclearmessagetotheivorypoachersthatthegameisover.InthepastAfricannationshaveresistedanivoryban,butincreasinglytheyrealizedthatthedecimationoftheelephantherdsposesaseriousthreattotheirtouristbusiness.LastmonthTanzaniaandseveralotherAfricancountriescalledforanamendmenttothe102nationConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpeciesthatwouldmaketheivorytradeillegalworldwide.TheamendmentisexpectedtobeapprovedatanOctobermeetinginGenevaandtogointoeffectnextJanuary.Butbetweennowandthen,conservationistscontend,poachersmaygoonarampage,killingelephantswholesale,sonationsshouldunilaterallyforbidimportsfightaway.TheUSgovernmentbroughtthatargument,andbyweek’sendthetwelvenationsEuropeanCommunityhadfollowedwithitsownban. 110.What’stheauthor’sattitude?______.A.SubjectiveB.NeutralC.PessimisticD.Active正确答案：B,5.Waterproblemsinthefuturewillbecomemoreintenseandmorecomplex.Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldecreasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesseswillproducelargevolumesofliquidwastes,andmanyofthesewillcontainchemicalswhicharepoisonous.Tofeedourrapidlyexpandingpopulation,agriculturewillhavetobeintensifieD.Thiswillinvolveevenincreasingquantitiesofagriculturechemicals.Fromthis,itisapparentthatdrasticstepsmustbetakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblem.TherearetwowaysbywhichthispollutionproblemcanbelesseneD.ThefirstrelatestothetreatmentofwastestodecreasetheirpollutionhazarD.Thisinvolvestheprocessingofsolidwastespriortodisposalandthetreatmentofliquidwastes,oreffluents,topermitthereuseofthewaterorbestreducepollutionuponfinaldisposal.Asecondapproachistodevelopaneconomicuseforallorapartofthewastes.Farmmanureisspreadinfieldsasanutrientororganicsupplement.EffluentsfromsewagedisposalplantsareusedinsomeareasbothforirrigationandforthenutrientscontaineD.Effluentsfromotherprocessingplantsmayalsobeusedasasupplementalsourceofwater.Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproductionintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustrieshavepotentialeconomicusesfortheirwasteproducts. Thereadercanconcludethat______.A.countriesoftheworldwillworktogetheronpollutionproblemsB.byproductsfromwastesleadtoamoreprosperousmarketplaceC.scienceismakinggreatprogressonincreasingwatersuppliesD.someindustriesarenowmakingeconomicuseofwastes正确答案：D,6.OnThursdayafternoonMrs.Carke,dressedforgoingout,tookherhandbagwithhermoneyandherkeyinit,pulledthedoorbehindhertolockitandwenttotheover60scluB.ShealwayswentthereonThursdays.Itwasaniceoutingforanoldwomanwholivedalone.Atsixo’clockshecamehome,letherselfinandatoncesmeltcigarettesmoke.Cigarettesmokein