2023学年完整公开课版Unit 1 Learning about Language

Unit1FriendshipLearningaboutLanguage

DirectSpeech

andIndirectSpeechGrammar

引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一是原封不动地引用原话,把它放在引号内,这叫直接引语(Directspeech);一是用自己的话加以转述,这叫间接引语(Indirectspeech)。直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)陈述句Katesaid,“I’mveryfondofswimming.”that引导的宾语从句Katesaidthatshewasveryfondofswimming.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)一般疑问句“Isthisyourcomputer,Mary?”askedJohn.whether/if引导的宾语从句JohnaskedMaryifthatwashercomputer.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)特殊疑问句“Mary,whenwillyoureturnmetheCDplayer?”askedJohn.wh-词引导的宾语从句JohnaskedMarywhenshewouldreturnhimtheCDplayer.由直接引语转变为间接引语,有时会引起时态的变化,注意以下几个方面:直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时Sheoftensays,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”从句动词时态不变Sheoftensaysthatwherethereisawill,thereisaway.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:一般现在时“Iknowit,”hesaid.一般过去时Hesaidthatheknewit.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:现在进行时“I’mreadinganovel,”shesaid.过去进行时Shesaidshewasreadinganovel.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:现在完成时“Ihaveseenherbefore,”saidhe.过去完成时Hesaidhehadseenherbefore.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:现在完成进行时Hesaid,“Ihavebeendoingmyhomework.”过去完成进行时Hesaidhehadbeendoinghishomework.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:一般过去时“IsawherlastMonday,”hesaid.过去完成时HesaidhehadseenherthepreviousMonday.

直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:过去进行时“IwaswaitingforJim,”shesaid.过去完成进行时ShesaidshehadbeenwaitingforJim.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:过去完成时“DoyouknowJackhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied?”Rickasked.过去完成时RickaskedifIknewJackhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied.

直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:一般将来时Hesaid，“Weshallgoshoppingtomorrow.”过去将来时Hesaidtheywouldgoshoppingthenextday.直接引语变间接引语时,时态要发生变化(主句动词为一般过去时):一般现在时现在完成时现在进行时一般将来时一般过去时现在完成进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成进行时过去完成时由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:

1.不变的真理

Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”→Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.2.经常的习惯：

Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”

→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.历史事件：

Theteachersaid,“WorldWarⅡendedin1945.”

→TheteachersaidthatWorldWarⅡendedin1945.4.部分情态动词,如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等：

Shesaidtome,“Youmusthurryup.”

→ShesaidthatImusthurryup.注意由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化

直接引语

间接引语指示代词

时间状语

地点状语

方向性动词

this,

thesethat,

those

now,

today,thisweek,yesterday,lastweek,nextmonth,tomorrow，then,

thatday,thatweek,thedaybefore,theweekbefore,fourdaysbefore,twodaysbefore,thenextday,thenextmonth

fourdaysago

thedaybefore,twodaysagohere

therecome,

bringgo,take直接引语中的助动词间接引语中的助动词shallshouldshouldshould（不变）willwouldwouldwould（不变）maymightmightmight（不变）cancouldcouldcould（不变）mustmust/hadtoExercises:1.Hesaid,“I’mafraidIcan’tfinishthiswork.”Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn’tfinishthatwork.2.Hesaid,“Ihaven’theardfromhimsinceMay.”Hesaidthathehadn’theardfromhimsinceMay.3.Tomsaid“Iwillseeyounextweek.”Tomsaidthathewouldseemethenextweek.4.“Whywereyoulateagain?”Theteachersaidtome.TheteacheraskedmewhyIwaslateagain.5.“Idon’tlikeswimming,”saidSarah.Sarahsaidshedidn’tlikeswimming.6.HisfriendsaskedhimifhewouldgotoDalian.Hisfriendsaskedhim,“WillyougotoDalian?”7.“HaveyoubeentoParis?”Myclassmateaskedme.MyclassmateaskedmeifIhadbeentoParis.Exercises:Readerscan________quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword.A.getoverB.getinC.getalongD.getthrough【解析】选C。本题主要考查具体语境中get短语的用法。全句意为：尽管读者不知道每个单词的确切含义，但他们能够很好得读懂，即读书进展得顺利，故用getalong。CB2.It’shardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI______inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall【解析】选B。本题考查了fallinlove在虚拟语气中的应用，从标志性时间状语attheageofseven看，宾语从句内容意指过去。在虚拟语气结构中，若指过去，从句中动词形式用过去完成时，主句中谓语动词形式用would/should/might/could/havedone。3.Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor_______abouthishearttrouble.A.anadviceB.adviceC.advicesD.theadvices【解析】选B。advice若作“忠告，劝告，建议”讲，无论什么情况下都不可数，故A、C、D各项均属错误。advice前不能用不定冠词，但可被some，much，alotof/lotsof，apieceof，abitof，awordof等修饰。B4.Iwonderhowhe_____thattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayin