课文翻译-课后答案-全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程-第五册-Unit-2-Diet-Let's-Go-Veggie

./Pictureinyourmindallthedishesthatgotomakeupyouridealmeal.Nowtakeawayallthedisheswithmeatinthem.Notmuchleftonthetable?ThenJosephPacehasawordortwotosaytoyouinanattempttogetyoutochangeyoureatinghabits.想像一下组成你理想美食的全部菜肴.再把含肉的菜肴全部拿走.桌上就所剩无几了吧？好,约瑟夫·派斯有几句话要对你说,想劝你改变饮食习惯.Let'sGoVeggie!JosephPace1Iftherewasasingleactthatwouldimproveyourhealth,cutyourriskoffood-borneillnesses,andhelppreservetheenvironmentandthewelfareofmillionsofanimals,wouldyoudoit?咱们吃素吧!约瑟夫·派斯如果有一件事,既能增进健康、减少患上食物引起的疾病的危险,又有助于保护环境、保护千万动物安全生存,你做不做？2TheactI'mreferringtoisthechoiceyoumakeeverytimeyousitdowntoameal.我说的这件事就是每次坐下来就餐时挑选菜肴.3MorethanamillionCanadianshavealreadyacted:Theyhavechosentonoteatmeat.Andthepaceofchangehasbeendramatic.一百多万加拿大人已经行动起来：他们决定不吃肉.变化速度之快令人惊叹.4Vegetarianfoodsalesareshowingunparalleledgrowth.Especiallypopulararemeat-freeburgersandhotdogs,andtheplant-basedcuisinesofIndia,China,Mexico,ItalyandJapan.素食品的销售额大大增加,前所未有.尤受欢迎的是无肉汉堡包和热狗,以及以蔬为主的印度、中国、墨西哥、意大利和日本的菜肴.5Fuellingtheshifttowardvegetarianismhavebeenthehealthrecommendationsofmedicalresearch.Studyafterstudyhasuncoveredthesamebasictruth:Plantfoodsloweryourriskofchronicdisease;animalfoodsincreaseit.推动人们转向素食的是医学研究提出的关于如何增进健康的建议.一项又一项的研究都揭示了同样的基本事实：果蔬降低患慢性病的危险；肉类食品则增加这种危险.6TheAmericanDieteticAssociationsays:"Scientificdatasuggestpositiverelationshipsbetweenavegetariandietandreducedriskforseveralchronicdegenerativediseases."美国饮食学协会指出,"科学资料表明,素食与降低多种慢性变性疾病的患病危险肯定有关系."7Thispastfall,afterreviewing4,500studiesondietandcancer,theWorldCancerResearchFundflatlystated:"We'vebeenrunningthehumanbiologicalengineonthewrongfuel."去年秋天,在检验了4500个饮食与癌症的研究报告之后,世界癌症研究基金会直截了当地指出："我们一向利用不合适的养料来维持人类生理引擎的运转."8This"wrongfuel"hashelpedboostthecostofdegenerativediseaseinCanadatoanestimated$400billionayear,accordingtoBruceHolub,aprofessorofnutritionalscienceattheUniversityof据威尔夫大学营养科学教授布鲁斯·霍拉勃称,这一"不合适的养料"致使加拿大每年用于治疗变性疾病的费用高达4000亿〔加元.9Animalfoodshaveseriousnutritionaldrawbacks:Theyaredevoidoffiber,containfartoomuchsaturatedfatandcholesterol,andmayevencarrytracesofhormones,steroidsandantibiotics.Itmakeslittledifferencewhetheryoueatbeef,pork,chickenorfish.肉类食品存在严重的营养缺陷：它们不含纤维,含有过多的饱和脂肪和胆固醇,甚至可能含有微量的激素、类固醇和抗菌素.牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉或鱼肉都一样.10AnimalfoodsarealsogainingnotorietyasbreedinggroundsforE.coli,campylobacterandotherbacteriathatcauseillness.AccordingtotheCanadianFoodInspectionAgency,sixoutoftenchickensareinfectedwithsalmonella.It'slikeplayingRussianroulettewithyourhealth.肉类食品也是越来越广为人知的大肠杆菌、弯曲菌以及其他致病细菌的孳生地.据加拿大食品检验机构称,十分之六的鸡染有沙门氏菌.吃肉无异于玩俄式轮盘赌,拿你的健康做赌资.11Sowhyaren'tgovernmentsdoinganythingaboutthis?Unfortunately,theyhavebowedtopressurefrompowerfullobbygroupssuchastheBeefInformationCenter,theCanadianEggMarketingAgencyandtheDairyFarmersofCanada.AccordingtodocumentsretrievedthroughtheFreedomofInformationAct,thesegroupsforcedchangesto既然如此,政府为什么不采取任何措施？很遗憾,政府屈服于强有力的院外活动集团的压力,如牛肉信息中心、加拿大禽蛋营销公司、加拿大乳牛场场主协会等.根据信息自由法案获得的有关文件记载,这些集团迫使加拿大最新食品指南在1993年公布前作出修改.12Thisshouldcomeasnosurprise:Evenaminorreductioninrecommendedintakesofanimalproteincouldcosttheseindustriesbillionsofdollarsayear.这并不奇怪.即使建议动物蛋白质的摄入量减少一丁点儿都会给这些企业带来每年数十亿元的损失.13Whilehealthandfoodsafetyarecompellingreasonsforchoosingavegetarianlifestyle,therearealsolargerissuestoconsider.Animal-basedagricultureisoneofthemostenvironmentallydestructiveindustriesonthefaceoftheEarth.健康和食品安全是选择素食生活方式令人信服的理由,但此外还有更为重大的因素要考虑.以饲养动物为基础的农业是世界上对环境破坏最严重的产业之一.14Thinkforamomentaboutthevastresourcesrequiredtoraise,feed,shelter,transport,processandpackagethe500millionCanadianfarmanimalsslaughteredeachyear.Waterandenergyareusedateverystepoftheway.AlbertaAgriculturecalculatesthatittakes10to20timesmoreenergytoproducemeatthantoproducegrain.想一想培育、饲养、建牲畜栏、运输、加工和包装加拿大每年宰杀的5亿头牲畜所需的巨大资源.其中的每一个环节都耗费水和能源.阿尔伯达农业署估计,生产肉耗费的能源比生产谷物多10－20倍.15Lessthanaquarterofouragriculturallandisusedtofeedpeopledirectly.Therestisdevotedtograzingandgrowingfoodforanimals.Ecosystemsofforest,wetlandandgrasslandhavebeendecimatedtofuelthedemandforland.Usingsomuchlandheightenstopsoilloss,theuseofharshfertilizersandpesticides,andtheneedforirrigationwaterfromdammedrivers.Ifpeoplecanshiftawayfrommeat,muchofthislandcouldbeconvertedbacktowilderness.用于直接为人们提供食物的土地还不到农业用地的四分之一.其余的都用来放牧和种饲料.森林、湿地和草原的生态系统遭受相当严重的破坏,以满足对土地的需求.土地的大量利用加剧了表土的流失,增加了会带来负面作用的化肥和杀虫剂的施用,增加了从筑有水坝的河流中引水灌溉的需求.如果人们能摒弃肉食,许多土地就能回复到未开垦状态.16Theproblemisthatanimalsareinefficientatconvertingplantstoedibleflesh.Ittakes,forexample,8.4kilogramsofgraintoproduceonekilogramofpork,theU.S.governmentestimates.问题在于,动物在把植物转化为可食用的肉类这方面的效率很低.举例来说,美国政府估测,生产1公斤猪肉需要耗费8.4公斤的谷物.17Afterputtingsomanyresourcesintoanimals,whatdowegetout?Manure—atarateofover10,000kilogramspersecondinCanadaalone,accordingtothegovernment.EnvironmentCanadasayscattleexcrete40kilogramsofmanureforeverykilogramofediblebeef.Alargeeggfactorycanproduce50to100tonnesofwasteperweek,theOntarioMinistryofAgricultureestimates.我们把这么多资源耗费在动物身上,又得到什么回报呢？粪肥——据官方资料,仅加拿大,就以每秒10,000多公斤的速度排出.加拿大环境部称,牛每产1公斤可食牛肉需排出40公斤粪便.安大略省农业部估测,一家大型禽蛋工厂每星期可产出50－100吨禽粪.18Andwheredoesitgo?Inthe1992OntarioGroundwaterSurvey,43percentoftestedwellswerecontaminatedwithagriculturalrun-offcontainingfecalcoliformbacteriaandnitrates.Earlierthismonth,chargeswerelaidagainstalargeAlbertafeedlotoperatorfordumping30millionlitresofcattlemanureintotheBowRiver这些粪便都到哪儿去了？1992年安大略省地下水调查发现,43%的被测试水井都受到含有粪便大肠杆菌和硝酸盐等农业生产排出的废物的污染.本月初,阿尔伯达一家大型围栏肥育地经营者被指控将3千万升牛粪排入博河,"沿途生灵悉数被毁",一则新闻这么报道.19Andthenthereismethane,aprimarycontributinggasinglobalwarmingandozonelayerdepletion.Excludingnaturalsources,27percentofCanada'sand20percentoftheworld'smethanecomesfromlivestock.此外还有沼气,那是促使全球气候变暖和臭氧层减少的主要气体.不把天然沼气资源包括在内,加拿大27%的沼气、全世界20%的沼气都来自牲畜.20JohnRobbins,authorofthePulitzerprize-nominatedbookDietforaNewAmerica<GroupWest>,saiditbestwhenhestated:"Eatingloweronthefoodchainisperhapsthemostpotentsingleactwecantaketohaltthedestructionofourenvironmentandpreserveournaturalresources."获普利策提名奖的《新美洲饮食》一书作者约翰·罗宾斯说得好："食用食物链较低部分的食物或许是我们可用以阻止环境破坏、保护自然资源的最最有效的行动."21Ourenvironmentalsoincludestheanimalskilledfortheirmeat.Ithasbecomeanacceptedfactthattoday'sfactory-farmedanimalsliveshort,miserable,unnaturallives.我们的环境也包括为食其肉而被宰杀的动物.当今工厂化农场的牲畜寿命极短,过着悲惨的、不正常的生活,这已是公认的事实.22AspartofmyresearchattheUniversityof作为我在沃特卢大学研究工作的一部分,我参观过一些全国最大的"加工"厂.这个经历让我日后尽做噩梦.23Isaw"stubborn"cowsbeingbeatenandsquealingpigschasedaroundthekillingfloorwithelectriccalipers.我见到"固执"的牛被打、尖叫着的猪在屠宰室被人用电卡钳追逐.24Ilookedoninuttershockasacowmissedthestungunandwashoistedfullyconsciousupsidedownbyitshindlegandcuttopieces,thrashinguntilitslastbreath.我万分震惊地目睹一头牛躲过了眩晕枪,结果被缚住后腿倒挂起来,惨遭活剐,一直挣扎到断气.25Noticingmyshock,theforemanremarked:"Whocares?They'regoingtodieanyway."工头见我惊骇不已,便说："管它呢！它们反正得死."26Becauseitcancosthundredsofdollarsperminutetostoptheconveyorline,animalwelfarecomessecondtoprofit.Over150,000animalsare"processed"everyhourofeveryworkingdayinCanada,accordingtoAgricultureCanada.由于传送线停转一分钟就要损失好几百元,家畜的利益就变得不如利润重要.据加拿大农业署称,在加拿大,每个工作日,每小时有150,000多头家畜被"加工".27Thepicturegetsuglierstill.Enroutetoslaughter,farmanimalsmaylegallyspendanywherefrom36to72hourswithoutfood,waterorrest.They'renotevenaffordedthe"luxury"oftemperaturecontrolledtrucksinextremesummerheatorsub-zerocold.情况变得甚至更可怕.家畜在宰杀前的运输途中,法律允许在36－72小时内不给进食、进水,不让休息.即使在炎夏或零度以下的严冬,它们连乘温控卡车的"奢侈"也不让享受.28AgricultureCanadahasestimatedthatmorethan3millionCanadianfarmanimalsdieslowandpainfuldeathsenroutetoslaughtereachyear.加拿大农业署估计,加拿大每年有3百多万头家畜在宰杀前的运输途中痛苦地慢慢死去.29I'vealsovisitedtypicalCanadianfarms.Gonearethedayswhenpigletssnortedandroostersstruttedtheirwayaboutthebarnyard.Mostoftoday'smodernizedfarmshavelong,windowlessshedsinwhichanimalslivelikeprisonerstheirentirelives.Ihaveseenchickenscrammedfourtoacage,nursingpigsseparatedfromtheiryoungbyironbarsandvealcalvesconfinedtocratessonarrowtheycouldn'tturnaround.Fewoftheseanimalseverexperiencesunlightorfreshair—andmostoftheirnaturalurgesaredenied.本人还参观过一些典型的加拿大农场.猪崽喷着鼻息、公鸡在粮仓的空场上昂首行走的日子已经一去不复返.而今大多数的现代化农场都有一个个狭长的、没有窗户的牲畜棚,牲畜一生关在棚里,如囚犯一般.我见到过四只鸡挤在一个笼里,喂奶的母猪与猪崽被铁条隔开,肉用小牛关在狭窄得转不过身来的板条箱里.这些牲畜几乎都终年不见阳光,呼吸不到新鲜空气——它们天生的欲望大都得不到满足.30Althoughitisdifficulttofacetheseharshrealities,itisevenmoredifficulttoignorethem.Threetimesaday,youmakeadecisionthatnotonlyaffectsthequalityofyourlife,buttherestofthelivingworld.Weholdinourknivesandforksthepowertochangethisworld.面对这种严峻的现实固然困难,置之不理更是难上加难.一日三次,你要做出不仅影响自身生活质量、更是事关整个有生命世界的决定.我们手里的餐刀餐叉拥有改变这个世界的力量.31ConsiderthewordsofAlbertEinstein:"NothingwillbenefithumanhealthandincreasethechancesforsurvivaloflifeonEarthastheEvolutiontoavegetariandiet."让我们想一想阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的话吧："没有什么比转向素食更有益于人类健康,更能增加世间万物的生存机会."32Bonappetite.祝君胃口好.1.ideala.satisfyingone'sideaofwhatisperfect;mostsuitable理想的,完美的e.g.Inanidealworldnoonewouldgohungry.2.veggien.<infml>=vegetarianorvegetable3.goveggie吃素e.g.Thisbookispackedwithusefulinformationtohelpyourfamilygoveggie.4.food-bornea.食物引起的e.g.Food-borneillnessesareneitherlong-lastingnorlife-threatening.5.refertomentionorspeakof<sb./sth.>提到,说到e.g.Inherautobiographysheoccasionallyreferstoherunhappyschooldays.6.vegetariann.apersonwho,formoral,religiousorhealthreasons,eatsnomeat素食者；素食主义者e.g.OfthefourmillionpeoplewhohavebecomevegetariansinBritain,nearlytwo-thirdsarewomen.7.unparalleleda.sogreat,etc.thatithasnoequal无比的；空前的e.g.Theyenjoyedsuccessonascaleunparalleledbyanypreviouspopgroup.8.burgern.<infml>hamburger汉堡包9.cuisinen.<styleof>cooking烹饪〔风味e.g.IcanhelpyoufindwhatyouneedtoknowaboutItalianCuisine.10.vegetarianismn.素食主义e.g.VegetarianismisverypopularamongyoungpeopleinBritain,especiallyamongteenagegirls.11.recommendationn.actionofrecommending;advice推荐；建议e.g.Mostschoolsaskyoutoprovidethreelettersofrecommendation.12.uncovervt.discover<sth.>previouslysecretorunknown揭露；使被知道e.g.Theinvestigationuncoveredevidenceofalarge-scaleillegaltradeinwildbirds.13.chronica.<esp.ofadisease>lastingforalongtime;continuallyrecurring〔尤指疾病慢性的,长期的；连续复发的e.g.Chronicdiseasesareamongthemostcommonandcostlyhealthproblems.14.dietetica.饮食<学>的e.g.Childrenwhoareoverweightorunderweightmaybenefitfromexpertdieteticadvice.15.associationn.协会；联盟；社团e.g.theBritishMedicalAssociation16.degenerativea.<ofamedicalcondition>gettingorlikelytogetworse衰退的,退化的e.g.Weshouldtrytochangethesituationthatledtodegenerativedisease.17.flatlyad.inanoutright,directmanner断然,直截了当地e.g.Heflatlydeniedthathesawwhathadhappened.18.biologicala.生物的e.g.Thebiologicalrhythmofaplantisaffectedbylightandheat.19.boostvt.increasethestrengthorvalueof<sth.>增加；提高e.g.Thetheatremanagedtoboostitsaudiencesbycuttingticketprices.20.nutritionala.营养的e.g.Chemicalsweetenershavenonutritionalvalue.21.drawbackn.disadvantageorproblem不利条件；欠缺；障碍e.g.Oneofthedrawbacksoflivingwithsomeoneishavingtoshareabathroom.22.devoida.empty<of>;lacking<in>空的;缺少的23.devoidofwithout<sth.>;completelylackingin<sth.>没有；毫无e.g.Heseemstobedevoidofanycompassionwhatsoever.24.fibern.纤维e.g.Whenshopping,onemustbefamiliarwiththecalorieandfibercontentofallfoods.25.cholesteroln.胆固醇e.g.Cholesterolcanbebothgoodandbad,soit'simportanttolearnwhatcholesterolis.26.tracen.verysmallamount;mark,sign,etc.showingwhathasexistedorhappened极微的量；踪迹；形迹e.g.Tracesofdrugswerefoundinhisblood.27.hormonen.激素,荷尔蒙e.g.Growthhormonesmakelivestockgainweightmorequicklyonlessfeed.28.steroidn.类化合物,类固醇e.g.Manyindividualspastandpresenthaveutilizesteroidsforathleticprestige.29.antibioticn.抗菌素,抗生素e.g.I'mtakingantibioticsforathroatinfection.30.notorietyn.fameforbeingbadinsomeway臭名昭著e.g.HegainednotorietyformurderingelevenwomeninthenorthofEngland.31.E.coliabbr.Escherichiacoli大肠杆菌e.g.TheE.colibacteriaareeventuallymixedintothemeat.32.campylobactern.弯曲菌e.g.FreezingreducesthenumberofCampylobacterbacteriapresentonrawmeat.33.bacteria<singularbacterium>n.细菌e.g.Bacteriagrowinawidevarietyofconditions.34.inspectionn.检验35.inspectvt.examine<sth.>closely检验,检查e.g.Shearrivedtomakeahealthandsafetyinspectionofthebuilding.36.agencyn.abusinessororganizationprovidingausu.specifiedservice〔行政或智能机构e.g.theCentralIntelligenceAgency37.infectvt.<ofharmfulbacteria,etc.>enterthebodyof<apersonorananimal>andcausedisease传染e.g.Thefluvirusinfectedalmosttheentireclass.38.salmonellan.沙门〔氏菌39.rouletten.轮盘赌e.g.TherearetwodifferenttypesofRoulettewheels:theAmericanWheelandtheEuropeanWheel.40.unfortunatelyad.regrettably;unluckily遗憾地；不幸地e.g.Unfortunatelyitrainedallday.41.bowvi.bendtheheadorbodyasasignofrespect俯〔首或欠〔身致敬42.bowtosubmitto<sth.>;acceptorobey<sth.>屈服,服从e.g.Eventuallythegovernmentwasforcedtobowtopublicpressureandreformthetax.43.marketingn.营销e.g.amarketingstrategy44.dairyn.placewheremilkiskeptandmilkproductsaremade牛奶场；奶品场e.g.ManyAmericans,includingsomevegetarians,stillconsumelargeamountsofdairyproducts.45.documentn.paperthatgivesinformation,proof,orsupportofsth.文件；公文；文献e.g.Mr.Clarkprovidedacopyofconfidentialdocumenttoanewspaperreporter.46.retrievevt.get<sth.>back重新得到；取回e.g.Computersareusedtostoreandretrieveinformationefficiently.47.intaken.theamountornumberallowedtoenter,ortakenin;theprocessoftakingasubstanceintoabodyoramachine吃或吸收的量；吸入；纳入e.g.Ifourenergyintakebalancesourenergyexpenditure,ourweightremainsstable.48.lifestylen.thewayinwhichanindividualoragrouplives生活方式e.g.Hedoesn'thaveaveryhealthylifestyle.49.environmentallyad.在环境方面e.g.Manycountrieshaveraisedtaxesonenvironmentallydestructiveproductsandactivities.50.packagevt.make<sth.>intoorput<sth.>inabag,box,etc.把…打包；把…装箱；包装e.g.Theseorganicolivesarepackagedinrecycledglasscontainers.51.grazev.use<land>tofeedcattle,etc.用〔地养牛e.g.Thefarmergrazescattleonthislandinthesummermonths.52.wetlandn.dampareaofland湿地e.g.Ifyouvisitawetlandandlookclosely,youwilldiscoversomefascinatingcreatures.53.grasslandn.landcoveredwithgrass,esp.asusedforgrazing草原；草地；〔尤指草场e.g.DidyouknowthatgrasslandsarefoundoneverycontinentexceptAntarctica?54.decimatevt.<infml>reduce<sth.>considerably相当程度地减少e.g.Populationsofendangeredanimalshavebeendecimated.55.heightenv.<causesth.to>becomehigherormoreintense〔使提高,加强e.g.Thiswillheightenyourenjoyment.56.topsoiln.表土〔层；土壤耕种层e.g.Rootsholdthemoisture-absorbingfertiletopsoilinplaceduringflooding.57.fertilizern.肥料e.g.Forcenturies,fishhavebeenrecognizedasanexcellentfertilizersource.58.pesticiden.杀虫剂；农药e.g.Ourchildrenareindangerfrompesticides.59.irrigationn.灌溉e.g.Dripirrigationcanbeagreataidtotheefficientuseofwater.60.damvt.buildadamacross<ariver,etc.>建水坝子〔河等e.g.Todamariveristobuildawallacrosstheriver.61.inefficienta.<ofamachine,process,etc.>notproducingadequateresults;wasteful无效率的；不经济的e.g.Existingmethodsofproductionareexpensiveandinefficient.62.ediblea.fitorsuitabletobeeaten可食用的e.g.Onlytheleavesoftheplantareedible.63.fleshn.肉；食用肉e.g.Vegetariansdon'teatanimalflesh.64.getoutproduceorpublish生产；出版e.g.Thefirstmodelofthecarhassomebadfaults,butthey'vegotabetteroneoutnow.65.manuren.粪肥e.g.Manureisaneffectivenutrientsourceforcropproduction.66.excretevt.排泄；分泌e.g.Dogsexcretemanychemicalsmostefficiently.67.ministryn.〔政府的部e.g.TheMinistryofHealthwillstrivetobecomeahighlyreputablehealthserviceorganization.68.groundwatern.地下水e.g.Groundwaterliesalmosteverywherebelowtheearth'ssurface.69.surveyn.调查；测量；概括论述e.g.Arecentsurveyfoundthat58%ofpeopledidnotknowwheretheirheartis.70.contaminatevt.pollute<sth.>bydirt,chemicals,orradiationsothatitbecomesimpureorharmful污染e.g.Muchofthecoasthasbeencontaminatedbynuclearwaste.71.run-offn.〔生产过程中排出的废物72.fecala.粪便的,排泄物的e.g.Thegoalofthisstudywastodeterminesourcesoffecalpollutionintheriver.73.coliforma.大肠杆菌的74.nitraten.硝酸盐类化肥e.g.Excessivelevelsofnitrateindrinkingwaterhavecausedseriousillness.75.lay/bring/presschargesagainstaccuse<sb.>formallyofacrime正式控告〔某人e.g.Therewasn'tenoughevidencetolaychargesagainstKateGrey.76.feedlotn.〔喂肥备宰牲畜的围栏育肥地e.g.feedlotmanuremanagement77.operatorn.〔厂、矿、农场等的经营者；操作者e.g.touroperator78.litren.升e.g.40litresofgas79.methanen.甲烷,沼气e.g.Methaneisacolorless,odorlessgaswithawidedistributioninnature.80.warmingn.暖和,温暖e.g.Thismapillustratesthelocalconsequencesofglobalwarming.81.depletionn.削减；消耗e.g.Increasedexpenditurehascausedadepletioninourfunds.82.depletevt.reducegreatlythequantity,size,powerorvalueof<sth.>大量削减〔某物的数量83.excludevt.ignoreasaconsideration;leave<sth.>out;nottoinclude<sth.>不予考虑；将…排除在外；不包括e.g.Wecan'texcludethepossibilitythatheisdead.84.livestockn.animalskeptonafarmforuseorprofit,e.g.cattleorsheep〔总称家畜,牲畜e.g.livestockproduction85.Pulitzerprize-nominateda.获普利策提名奖的86.nominatevt.提名e.g.ThisPulitzerprize-nominatedplaydepictsapainfullyrealandfunnysliceoflifeinaremotevillage.87.potenta.veryeffectiveandpowerful有效的；威力大的e.g.Thisisaverypotentdrugandcanhaveunpleasantside-effects.88.factory-farmeda.工厂化的农场e.g.Shehasseenhowfactory-farmedanimalssufferfrombirthtoslaughter.89.unnaturala.notnaturalornormal不自然的；不正常的e.g.Herreactionwasunnaturalwhenshesawthedeadmotorcyclistinthehospital.90.stubborna.determinednottochangeone'sattitudeorposition顽固的,倔强的e.g.He'ssick,buthe'stoostubborntoseeadoctor.91.squealvi.Makealonghigh-pitchedcryorsound发出长而尖的叫声e.g.Thetwochildrensquealedwithjoy.92.chasevt.runafter<sb./sth.>inordertocatchthem追逐,追赶e.g.Thepolicecarwasgoingsofast,itmusthavebeenchasingsomeone.93.calipersn.卡钳e.g.Electriccalipersaredesignedforavarietyofvehicles.94.lookonwatch<sth.>withoutbecominginvolvedinitoneself旁观e.g.Demonstratorstoredownthestatueaspolicecalmlylookedon.95.uttera.complete完全的,十足的e.g.Themeetingwasacompleteandutterwasteoftime.96.hoistvt.lift<sth.>toahigherposition,usuallyusingropes〔用绳等提升e.g.Ahelicopterhoistedthefinalsectionofthebridgeintoplace.97.upsidedownwiththeupperpartunderneathinsteadofontop颠倒；倒转e.g.Thepictureishangingupsidedown.98.hinda.<ofthelegsofananimalwithfourlegs>situatedattheback后面的,后部的e.g.ananimal'shindlegs99.foremann.aworkerwhosupervisesanddirectsotherworkers工头,领班e.g.Shouldyourforemandrinkwithhiscrew?100.conveyorn.传送带e.g.Thecompanyoffersawiderangeofconveyorbeltproducts.101.comesecondtobelessimportantthan不如…重要e.g.Feedingachildshouldn'tcomesecondtoworking.102.sub-zeroa.belowzero零度以下的e.g.asub-zerosleepingbag103.pigletn.youngpig小猪104.snortvi.喷鼻息作声,发哼声〔表示轻蔑等e.g.Weranwhenthebullbegantosnort.105.roostern.公鸡e.g.Theroosterisactuallyamalechicken.106.strutvt.walkinanupright,proudway趾高气扬地走e.g.Theboysstruttedaroundtryingtogettheattentionofagroupofgirlswhowerenearby.107.barnyardn.粮仓的空地e.g.Farmanimalsaremovingaboutthebarnyard.108.modernizevt.make<sth.>suitableformodernneeds;bringuptodate使现代化e.g.Tomodernizeanythingistobringituptodate.109.vealn.〔食用的小牛肉；食用小牛110.calfn.小牛,牛犊111.vealcalf肉用小牛e.g.Thevealcalfistakenawayfromitsmotherrightafteritisborn.112.craten.板条箱,柳条箱e.g.Pigswhoareconfinedtocratescannotmoveandcannotturnaround.113.ignorevt.takenonoticeof<sb./sth.>忽视；不理,不顾e.g.Safetyregulationsarebeingignoredbycompanymanagersinthedrivetoincreaseprofits.114.appetiten.食欲,胃口e.g.Allthatwalkinghasgivenmeanappetite.CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseintoEnglish,usingacognateobject:Acognateobjectreferstoaneventindicatedbytheverb.e.g....today'sfactory-farmedanimalsliveshort,miserable,unnaturallives.<TextA,Unit2,BookV>...morethan3millionCanadianfarmanimalsdieslowandpainfuldeathsenroutetoslaughtereachyear.<TextA,Unit2,BookV>Inthistypeofobject,thenounheadissemanticallyandoftenmorphologicallyrelatedtotheverb.Itssemanticfunctionistorepeat,whollyorpartially,themeaningoftheverb.Thenounisgenerallymodified.Theverbandtheobjectarethenequivalenttotheverbandacorrespondingadverbial:e.g.Theyfoughtacleanfight.=Theyfoughtcleanly.Thecognateobjectis,however,confinedtocertainsetexpressionssuchasthosementionedabove.1>Iaskedherwhyshedidn'tmakeuseofhertalentand<唱一首流行歌曲>onthegraduationday.Tip:Studytherelatedinformationprovidedabove.Answer:singapopsong2>UncleTom,thelong-sufferingslaveinHarrietBeecherStowe'sUncleTom'sCabin,<死得悲惨>.Tip:Studytherelatedinformationprovidedabove.Answer:diedamiserabledeath3>Westillhavetolearnhowto<过和谐的生活>,notonlywithotherpeoplebutalsowiththeenvironment.T