2022年中考英语考点复习 八年级(上)　Units 1～2（教材知识梳理课件+练习）-2022年《三步冲刺中考•英语》之第1步重课本·理考点（人教版）

八年级(上)

Units1～2重点单词1.anyone,anywhere,wonderful,few,most，something,nothing,everyone,myself,yourself,hen,pig,seem,bored,someone,diary的，delicious,expensive,exciting,cheap,terrible,boring,enjoyable,activity,decide,try,building,trader,wonder,difference,top,wait,umbrella,wet,below,enough,hungry,duck,dislike,last.2.housework,hardly,ever,once,twice,Internet,program,full,swing,sometimes,free,junk,coffee,health,result,percent,online,television,although,through,mind,such,together,die,spend,before,dentist,magazine,however,than,almost,none,less,point.

重点词组1.onvacation,quiteafew,takephotos(of),anythinginteresting,ofcourse,onvacation,anythingspeical,thefunpark,goshopping,haddinner,haveagoodtime,arrivein,gotothebeach,tryparagliding,feellike,somethingspecial,ridebicycles,inthepast,walkaround,toomany,getto,becauseof,takephotos,tellsb(not)todosth,keepdoingsth,so….that,findout,goon,upanddown,inexcitement,comeup.2.hardlyever,swingdance,helpwithhousework,onceaweek,twiceaweek,usetheInternet,atleast,stayup,howoften,junkfood,begoodfor,not...atall,goonline,theanswerto...,suchas,Oldhabitsdiehard.重点句子1.①—Wheredidyougoonvacation?—Iwentto...②—Didyou…? —Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.

③—Howwas…?—Itwas...

2.①—Whatdoyouusuallydoonweekends?—Ialways/sometimes/...

②

—Howoften...? —I...onceamonth/...

③—Doyou…? —Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.

重点语法1.复合不定代词

常见的规则动词和不规则动词的一般过去形式2.howoften引导的特殊疑问句常见频度副词单位时间内活动频度次数的表达法口语交际1.能谈论过去的事件。2.能谈论日常饮食和其他生活习惯书面表达1.Writeadiaryaboutatravel2.Writeareportaboutgoodandbadhabits.1.Wheredidyougoonvacation?(教材P1标题)回归教材onvacation度假；休假Pointonvacation表示一种状态，其中vacation意为“假期”，与holiday同义。“on+某些名词”表示“在某种状态中”，如：onduty值日；onfire着火。I’m

not

here

onvacation.IwenttoXiamenonvacationlastmonth.回归教材2.gowithanyone

(教材P22b)回归教材

anyonepron.

任何人Pointanyone是由“any+one”构成的复合不定代词，相当于anybody，常用于疑问句或否定句中。Ididn’tseeanyoneinthetheater.Anyonecanborrowbooksfromthelibrary.everyone意为“每人；人人”。someone意为“某人”；通常用于肯定句。3.buyanythingspecial

(教材P22b)回归教材

形容词修饰复合不定代词Pointspecial修饰anything。当形容词修饰复合不定代词时，要放在复合不定代词的后面，“不定代词+adj.”。Didyoufindanythingfunnyinthebook?Wasthereanythinginterestingonthenewsthisevening?4.Oh,didyougoanywhereinteresting?(教材P22d)回归教材anywhereadv.在任何地方Pointanywhere常用于否定句和疑问句中,表示“在任何地方”；如果用在肯定句中，表示“无论何处，随便哪个地方”。Ican’tfindmypenanywhere.Anaccidentcanhappenanywhere.回归教材5.Wetookquiteafewphotosthere.(教材P22d)takephotos拍照Point1quiteafew

相当多；不少Point2Mr.Whitelikestakingphotosofflowers.quiteafew相当于many,修饰可数名词复数。Quiteafewstudentstookpartinthesportsmeetingheldinourschool.takephotos意为“拍照”。takephotos/aphotoof意为“给……拍照”。6.Ijuststayedathomemostofthetimetoreadandrelax.(教材P22d)回归教材

mostadj.,adv.&pron.最多；大多数

Pointmost在此处作代词，意为“大多数”，常与of连用。mostof后如果接复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式；如果接单数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。Mostofmyfriendslikepopmusic.Mostofthebuildingisyellow.句式结构表示含义时间状语主系表：主语+was/were+其他主谓宾：主语+动词过去式+其他过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态；也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。yesterdaylastmonthlastyearjustnow…agoin2019一般过去时一般过去时的句式结构句子类型含be动词含行为动词肯定句主语+was/were+其他.主语+动词过去式+其他.否定句主语+was/were+not+其他.主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他.一般疑问句Was/Were+主语+其他?Did+主语+动词原形+其他?一般疑问句的肯定回答Yes,主语+was/were.Yes,主语+did.一般疑问句的否定回答No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t.No,主语+didn’t.IwasinBeijinglastmonth.IwenttoShanghailastFriday.Iwasn’tinBeijinglastmonth.Ididn’tgotoShanghailastFriday.—WereyouinBeijinglastmonth？—Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.—DidyougotoShanghailastFriday?—Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.肯定句否定句一般疑问句

be动词

行为动词一般过去有规则，肯定句用过去式；否定要把didn’t添，谓语动词须还原；疑问did加在前，动词也要用原形。

规则变化动词变过去式的规则类别构成方法例词与发音读音规则一般情况加-edplay-played/pleɪd/offer-offered/ˈɒfəd/清辅音后读/t/，浊辅音和元音后读/d/，/t/和/d/后面读/id/以e结尾的动词加-dlike-liked/laɪkt/hate-hated/ˈheɪtɪd/以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词变y为i，再加-edcry-cried/kraɪd/study-studied/ˈstʌdid/以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-edplan-planned/plænd/stop-stopped/stɒpt/类别例词过去式和原形一样cut-cutread-readput-put中间元音变化i-aswim-swambegin-begansit-sati-oride-rodedrive-drovewrite-wroteo/a-edraw-drewthrow-threwgrow-grew过去式以ought和aught结尾bring-broughtteach-taughtcatch-caught结尾的d变为tbuild-builtspend-spentsend-sent含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加tfeel-feltkeep-keptsmell-smelt动词变过去式的规则

不规则变化复合不定代词是由some，any，no，every加上-body，-one，-thing构成的不定代词。功能相当于名词，在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语。some-类any-类no-类every-类-bodysomebody某人；有人anybody任何人nobody没有人everybody每人；人人；所有人-onesomeone某人；有人anyone任何人no

one没有人everyone每人；人人；所有人-thingsomething某事，某物anything任何东西；任何事物nothing没有什么everything每件事；所有事物；一切前词后词Someoneiswaitingforyou.有人在等你。Ihavenothingtosay.我没什么可说的。Hersoniseverythingforher.对她来说，儿子就是一切。作主语作宾语作表语1.复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。Everyonewantstohavealongholiday.人人都想有一个长假期。2.复合不定代词被定语（形容词、不定式、else等）修饰时，定语要后置。Thereissomethingimportantintoday’s

newspaper.今天报纸上有一些重要的信息。Doyouhaveanythingtosay?你有什么要说的吗？Asksomeoneelsetohelpyou.另请个人来帮帮你吧。复合不定代词的用法复合不定代词的用法3.some-类和any-类复合不定代词的用法区别some-类复合不定代词any-类复合不定代词肯定句常用于肯定句若any-类复合不定代词用于肯定句时，表示“随便哪个”疑问句在表示请求并希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中，要用some-类复合不定代词常用于疑问句中否定句常用于否定句中例句①Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike.②Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?①Anybodycanseethatit’swrong.②Isthereanyoneathome?③Theoldladycouldn’tseeanythingatall.1.Yes,Iboughtsomethingformyfather.(教材P3)回归教材buysth.forsb.为某人买某物（bought是buy的过去式）Pointbuysth.forsb.=buysb.sth.(当sb.和sth.都为代词时，只能用buysth.forsb.)Iboughtascarfformymotheronherbirthday.2.Everythingtastedreallygood!(教材P3)Thefishtastesbed.taste在此处作连系动词，后接形容词作表语，不用于进行时。tastev.有……味道；尝起来Point复合不定代词指人（以－one/－body结尾）指物（以-thing结尾）everybody

(每个人)someone(某人）everyone(每个人)anyone

(任何人）everything(一切事物)anything(任何事物）something(某事物）nothing(没有什么)somebody

(某人)anybody

(任何人）noone

(没有人）nobody(没有人）复合代词要牢记，修饰成分后边放，如若它来作主语，谓语单数没商量。some-代词肯定句，any-代词否、疑忙，若是希望得肯定，some-代词不相让。时间状语动词变化v.+edv.+dy变i加-ed双写辅音字母加-ed规则变化不规则变化is/am-was

are-weredo-did

cut-cutswim-swam

ride-rodedraw-drew

bring-broughtbuild-built

feel-feltplay-playedoffer-offeredlike-likedhate-hatedcry-criedstudy-studiedplan-plannedstop-stoppedyesterday,lastmonth,lastyear,justnow,...ago基本句式肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答主语+was/were+其他.主语+动词过去式+其他.主语+was/were+not+其他.主语+didn‘t+动词原形+其他.Was/were+主语+其他?Yes,主语+was/were.No,主语+wasn't/weren't.Did+主语+动词原形+其他?Yes,主语+did.No,主语+didin't.一般过去时1.Itwassunnyandhot,sowedecidedtogotothebeachnearourhotel.(教材P52b)Pleasedecideontheformofpayment.Cash,creditcardorAlipay回归教材decidev.

决定；选定Pointdecide(not)todosth.决定（不）做某事；decideonsth.决定/选定某事Thedoctordecidedtogivehimsomemedicinefirst.

拓展：decision作名词，意为“决定；抉择”。makeadecision做决定IwanttothinkaboutitlongerbeforeImakeadecision.2.MysisterandItriedparagliding.(教材P52b)回归教材tryv.&n.

尝试；设法；努力Point（1）try在此作及物动词，其后常接名词、代词、动词-ing或不定式。Hetriedhisfortuneinanothercity.（2）try还可作可数名词，意为“尝试”，常用单数形式。haveatry意为“试一试”。Shedidn'tmanagetobreaktherecord,butitwasagoodtry.Thatnotdifficult.Youcanhaveatry.trytodosth.

尽力做某事指努力去做。trydoingsth.

尝试做某事含有看看某种方法是否能成功的意思，不一定付出努力。3.IfeltlikeIwasabird.(教材P52b)回归教材

feellike

给……的感觉；感受到Pointfeellike后常接名词或从句。Ifeellikeafishinthesea.Hefeelslikethathehaslostthewholeworld.拓展延伸：feellike还有“想要”的意思，常用于口语中。feellikesth./feellikedoingsth.想要某物/想做某事。Doyoufeellikeanotherdirnk?It'srainingoutside.Idon'tfeellikegoingout.4.Iwonderwhatlifewaslikehereinthepast.(教材P52b)回归教材

wonderv.想知道；琢磨Pointwonder相当于wanttoknow，其后常接who,what,how以及if/whether等引导的宾语从句（作宾语的句子），宾语从句要用陈述语序。Iwonderwhatyouaregoingtodonow.Iwonderifyoucanhelpmewashthecar.5.Ireallyenjoyedwalkingaroundthetown.(教材P52b)回归教材enjoyv.

喜欢；享受……的乐趣Pointenjoy为及物动词，后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。enjoyoneself意为“玩得高兴；过得愉快”，相当于haveagood/great/nicetime或havefun。Lucyenjoysdancingtomusic.WeenjoyedourselvesinHainan.6.Whatadifferenceadaymakes!(教材P52b)回归教材

differencen.差别；差异PointThereisnodifferencebetweenthetwobooks.Thetwosweaterslookthesamebutthereisabigdifferenceinprice.difference既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词。拓展延伸：different作形容词，意为“不同的；有差异的”。bedifferentfrom意为“与……不同”。Pleaselookatthesetwodifferentpictures,class,andcirclethedifferencesbetweenthem.7.Wewaitedoveranhourforthetrainbecausethereweretoomanypeople.(教材P52b)回归教材toomany太多Pointtoomany“太多”，修饰可数名词复数。Therearetoomanyeggsinthefridge.toomuch“太多”，修饰不可数名词或动词。Thereistoomuchiceontheroad.Youworrytoomuch.muchtoo“太”，修饰形容词或副词It'smuchtoocoldoutside.Don'trunmuchtoofast.8.Andbecauseofthebadweather,wecouldn'tseeanythingbelow.(教材P52b)回归教材

becauseof因为PointTheboywasunhappybecasuehehasnofriends.because连词，后只能接句子，引导状语从句，表明直接的原因。becauseof介词短语，后可以接名词、代词或名词性成分。Iliketheboybecauseofhiskindnature.9.Myfatherdidn’tbringenoughmoney,soweonlyhadonebowlofriceandsomefish.(教材P52b)回归教材bringv.带来Point1bringsb./sth.to...把某人/某物带到……；bringsb.sth.=bringsth.forsb.给某人带某物来CanIbringafriendtotheparty?BringHelenapresent.=BringapresentforHelen.易混辨析：bring“带来”，指把人或物从别处带到说话人所在的地方。take“带去”，指把人或物从说话人所在的地方带到别处去。Bringmesomewater,please.Taketheboxtomyroom.9.Myfatherdidn’tbringenoughmoney,soweonlyhadonebowlofriceandsomefish.(教材P52b)回归教材enoughadj.&adv.

足够的（地）；充足的（地）；充分的（地）Point2（1）enough作形容词，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，通常放在名词前，也可放在名词后。Thereisenoughfood/foodenoughforeverybody.Ididn’trunfastenoughtocatchthebus.（2）enough可用作副词，用在形容词、副词和动词之后。Thishouseisn’tbigenoughforus.Wedidn’tleaveearlyenough.10.ThefoodtastedgreatbecauseIwassohungry!(教材P52b)回归教材hungryadj.

饥饿的Pointhungry作形容词，反义词为full“饱的”。Iamveryhungryafterrunning.Thestudentsarehungryforknowledge.拓展延伸：hungry还可表示“渴望得到”。behungryfor...意为“渴望……”。Thebabyiscrying;maybeheishungry.1.Itwassunnyandhot,sowedecidedtogotothebeachnearourhotel.(教材P52b)Pleasedecideontheformofpayment.Cash,creditcardorAlipay回归教材decidev.

决定；选定Pointdecide(not)todosth.决定（不）做某事；decideonsth.决定/选定某事Thedoctordecidedtogivehimsomemedicinefirst.

拓展：decision作名词，意为“决定；抉择”。makeadecision做决定IwanttothinkaboutitlongerbeforeImakeadecision.2.MysisterandItriedparagliding.(教材P52b)回归教材tryv.&n.

尝试；设法；努力Point（1）try在此作及物动词，其后常接名词、代词、动词-ing或不定式。Hetriedhisfortuneinanothercity.（2）try还可作可数名词，意为“尝试”，常用单数形式。haveatry意为“试一试”。Shedidn'tmanagetobreaktherecord,butitwasagoodtry.Thatnotdifficult.Youcanhaveatry.trytodosth.

尽力做某事指努力去做。trydoingsth.

尝试做某事含有看看某种方法是否能成功的意思，不一定付出努力。3.IfeltlikeIwasabird.(教材P52b)回归教材

feellike

给……的感觉；感受到Pointfeellike后常接名词或从句。Ifeellikeafishinthesea.Hefeelslikethathehaslostthewholeworld.拓展延伸：feellike还有“想要”的意思，常用于口语中。feellikesth./feellikedoingsth.想要某物/想做某事。Doyoufeellikeanotherdirnk?It'srainingoutside.Idon'tfeellikegoingout.4.Iwonderwhatlifewaslikehereinthepast.(教材P52b)回归教材

wonderv.想知道；琢磨Pointwonder相当于wanttoknow，其后常接who,what,how以及if/whether等引导的宾语从句（作宾语的句子），宾语从句要用陈述语序。Iwonderwhatyouaregoingtodonow.Iwonderifyoucanhelpmewashthecar.5.Ireallyenjoyedwalkingaroundthetown.(教材P52b)回归教材enjoyv.

喜欢；享受……的乐趣Pointenjoy为及物动词，后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。enjoyoneself意为“玩得高兴；过得愉快”，相当于haveagood/great/nicetime或havefun。Lucyenjoysdancingtomusic.WeenjoyedourselvesinHainan.6.Whatadifferenceadaymakes!(教材P52b)回归教材

differencen.差别；差异PointThereisnodifferencebetweenthetwobooks.Thetwosweaterslookthesamebutthereisabigdifferenceinprice.difference既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词。拓展延伸：different作形容词，意为“不同的；有差异的”。bedifferentfrom意为“与……不同”。Pleaselookatthesetwodifferentpictures,class,andcirclethedifferencesbetweenthem.7.Wewaitedoveranhourforthetrainbecausethereweretoomanypeople.(教材P52b)回归教材toomany太多Pointtoomany“太多”，修饰可数名词复数。Therearetoomanyeggsinthefridge.toomuch“太多”，修饰不可数名词或动词。Thereistoomuchiceontheroad.Youworrytoomuch.muchtoo“太”，修饰形容词或副词It'smuchtoocoldoutside.Don'trunmuchtoofast.8.Andbecauseofthebadweather,wecouldn'tseeanythingbelow.(教材P52b)回归教材

becauseof因为PointTheboywasunhappybecasuehehasnofriends.because连词，后只能接句子，引导状语从句，表明直接的原因。becauseof介词短语，后可以接名词、代词或名词性成分。Iliketheboybecauseofhiskindnature.9.Myfatherdidn’tbringenoughmoney,soweonlyhadonebowlofriceandsomefish.(教材P52b)回归教材bringv.带来Point1bringsb./sth.to...把某人/某物带到……；bringsb.sth.=bringsth.forsb.给某人带某物来CanIbringafriendtotheparty?BringHelenapresent.=BringapresentforHelen.易混辨析：bring“带来”，指把人或物从别处带到说话人所在的地方。take“带去”，指把人或物从说话人所在的地方带到别处去。Bringmesomewater,please.Taketheboxtomyroom.9.Myfatherdidn’tbringenoughmoney,soweonlyhadonebowlofriceandsomefish.(教材P52b)回归教材enoughadj.&adv.

足够的（地）；充足的（地）；充分的（地）Point2（1）enough作形容词，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，通常放在名词前，也可放在名词后。Thereisenoughfood/foodenoughforeverybody.Ididn’trunfastenoughtocatchthebus.（2）enough可用作副词，用在形容词、副词和动词之后。Thishouseisn’tbigenoughforus.Wedidn’tleaveearlyenough.10.ThefoodtastedgreatbecauseIwassohungry!(教材P52b)回归教材hungryadj.

饥饿的Pointhungry作形容词，反义词为full“饱的”。Iamveryhungryafterrunning.Thestudentsarehungryforknowledge.拓展延伸：hungry还可表示“渴望得到”。behungryfor...意为“渴望……”。Thebabyiscrying;maybeheishungry.1.sometimes(教材P91b)回归教材sometimesadv.

有时PointIlikerice,butsometimesIthinknoodlesareverydelicious,too.sometimes频度副词意为“有时；间或”，相当于attimes。可位于句首、句中和句末，对其提问要用howoften。sometimes名词短语意为“几次；几回“，其中time为可数名词，意为“次；回”。对其提问要用howmanytimes。I'vereadthearticlesometimes.It'seducational.2.hardlyever(教材P91b)回归教材hardlyever几乎从不Point1hardlyever表示频率，其表达的含义与seldom或almostnever相近。Shehardlyever(=seldom)callsme.ShelivesinSpain,sowehardlyever(=almostnever)seeher.hardlyadv.

几乎不；几乎没有Point2hardly作副词，相当于almostno,almostnot。本身表示否定含义，不能再与否定词连用。Ihardlyknowyou.3.onceaweek(教材P102a)回归教材onceaweek一周一次Pointonceaweek是表示频率的短语，常用来回答howoften的提问。其中once作副词，意为“一次”。—Howoftendoyougoshopping?—Onceaweek.4.twiceaweek(教材P102a)回归教材twiceadv.两次；两倍Pointtwice作副词，在此处意为“两次”。twiceamonth/year意为“一月/年两次”，表示频率。Iplaychessatleasttwiceaweek.Pleasethinktwicebeforeyouhandinyourpaper.次数表达法表示次数应注意，time后面加-s；一次两次很特殊，once，twice要牢记。5.usetheInternet(教材P102c)回归教材Internetn.(国际)互联网；因特网PointInternet相当于theNet，其前常用定冠词the修饰。常用短语：surftheInternet网上冲浪；ontheInternet在网上。MybrotherlikessurfingtheInternetverymuch.YoucanbuyourgoodsontheInternet.6....Nextweekisquitefullforme,Jack.(教材P102d)回归教材fulladj.忙的；满的；充满的Point(1)full作形容词，在此意为“忙的”，相当于busy，其反义词是free“空闲的”。Hislifeistoofulltofindtimeforhobbies.Thebottleisfullofwater.=Thebottleisfilledwithwater.(2)full作形容词，还可意为“满的；充满的”，反义词是empty“空的”。befullof与befilledwith同义，意为“充满”。1.Shesaysit’sgoodformyhealth.(教材P121b)回归教材begoodfor对……有益处Point1begoodfor为固定短语，后接名词、代词或动词-ing，其反义短语为bebadfor“对……有害”。Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.Youshoulddomoreexercise.Itisgoodforyourhealth.begoodat擅长……后跟名词、代词或动词-ing作宾语，同义短语为dowellin“在……方面做得好”。begoodto对……友好相当于befriendlyto,后面一般接人。begoodwith善于应付……的；对……有办法后接sb.或sth.。1.Shesaysit’sgoodformyhealth.(教材P121b)回归教材healthn.健康；人的身体（或精神）状态Point2health作不可数名词，常用短语：beingood/poorhealth身体好/差。Smokingdoesharmtohealth.Mygrandmaisingoodhealth.healthn.健康healthyadj.健康的healthilyadv.健康地keephealthy

保持健康unhealthyadj.

不健康的【拓展延伸】1.Wefoundthatonlyfifteenpercentofourstudentsexerciseeveryday.(教材P132b)回归教材

percent

n.百分之……Point(1)percent作名词，意为“百分之……”，单复数同形，如：oncepercent百分之一，thirtypercent百分之三十。Twentypercentofthestudents

agreewithyou.Thirtypercentofthetime

passes.(2)“基数词+percent+ofthe+名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由该结构中的名词来决定。2.Andtwentypercentdonotexerciseatall!(教材P132b)回归教材not...atall根本不；一点儿也不Point

not...atall表示强烈的否定，at

all通常位于句尾。—Thankyouforyourkindness. —Notatall.—WouldyoumindifIsmoke? —Notatall.notatall有“不用谢，别客气；没关系，一点也不介意”之意。Idon'tknowheratall.Hedidn'tgotoschoolyesterdayatall.3.Weallknowthatmanystudentsoftengoonline.(教材P132b)回归教材onlineadj.&adv.在线（的）；联网（的）Point(1)online在此作副词，意为“在线；联网”。Itisfasterifyouapplyonline.

Weplantobuildanonlinedatabase.(2)online还可作形容词，意为“在线的；联网的”。Onlineshoppingisbothcheapandconvenient,somanypeoplelikeshoppingonline.4.Althoughmanystudentsliketowatchsports,gameshowsarethemostpopular.(教材P132b)回归教材althoughconj.虽然；尽管；即使Point(1)although作连词，相当于though，引导让步状语从句。Althoughthegirlisonlysixyearsold,sheknowsmorethan300ancientChinesepoems.Althoughthemachineisold,itstillrunswell.=Themachineisold,butitstillrunswell.(2)在英语中，表示“虽然……但是……”时，although/though不能和but同时使用。5.ItisgoodtorelaxbyusingtheInternetorwatchinggameshows,butwethinkthebestwaytorelaxisthroughexercise.(教材P132b)回归教材byprep.

通过Point1by在此处表示方式，常为“通过”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing。Shemadethetoybyhand.Hemakesalivingbypainting.by乘……靠近；在……旁边不迟于；在……之前由……所作Ioftengotoschoolbybike.Tomsitsbythewindow.Momtoldmetocomebackby10:00.ThenovelbyMoYanisinteresting.5.ItisgoodtorelaxbyusingtheInternetorwatchinggameshows,butwethinkthebestwaytorelaxisthroughexercise.(教材P132b)回归教材throughprep.以；凭借；穿过Point2(1)through在此处作介词，表示方式，意为“以；凭借”。IknewthisnewthroughtheInternet.TheRiverThamesflowsthroughLondon.(2)through作介词，还可意为“穿过；通过”，多指穿过门、窗、洞、森林、城市、隧道等。across介词从事物表面横过Iwentacrosstheroad.through从事物内部穿过Thethiefgotinthroughthewindow.over从事物上方越过Sheclimbedoverthewall.cross动词相当于goacrossHecrossedtheAtlantictwice.6.Exercisesuchasplayingsportsisfun,andyoucanspendtimewithyourfriendsandfamilyasyouplaytogether.(教材P132b)回归教材suchas例如；像……这样Point1Shedoeswellinmanysubjects,suchasmath,physicsandchemistry.Trafficrulesshouldbeobeyed.Forexample,neverlistentomusicwhileridingabike.suchas通常用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。其前一般用逗号隔开。forexample用来列举某一论点或情况，一般只列举同类人或事物中的一个，在句中作插入语。用逗号与前后隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。6.Exercisesuchasplayingsportsisfun,andyoucanspendtimewithyourfriendsandfamilyasyouplaytogether.(教材P132b)回归教材spendv.度过；花费Point2Onweekends,mybrotherandIoftenspendtimeonthebeach.Ispent150yuanonthispairofshoes.spend在此作及物动词，意为“度过”。此外，spend还可表示“花费（时间、金钱）”，此时常用于以下结构：sb.spend(s)timeonsth./(in)doingsth.某人花费时间在某物上/做某事sb.spend(s)moneyonsth./ondoingsth.某人花费金钱在某物上/做某事StephenHawkingspenthiswholelifeunderstandingtheuniverse.6.Exercisesuchasplayingsportsisfun,andyoucanspendtimewithyourfriendsandfamilyasyouplaytogether.(教材P132b)回归教材togetheradv.在一起；共同Point3Mr.GreentogetherwithhischildrengoestotheparkeverySunday.Wegrewuptogether.拓展延伸：togetherwith表示“和……一起”，连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数与前一个主语保持一致。与Mr.Green的数保持一致7.Oldhabitsdiehard.(教材P132b)回归教材diev.消失；灭亡；死亡PointThefamoussingerdiedattheageofthirty-two.Thegrasshasbeendeadformorethantendays.die常用作不及物动词，其后不能直接跟宾语，且die是短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如果表示状态，与一段时间连用，要用bedead。deathn.死亡【拓展延伸】diev.死亡deadadj.

死的dyingadj.

垂死的1.Janeisa16-year-oldhighshcoolstudentintheUnitedStates.(教材

P153a)Mysisteris16yearsold.回归教材

16-year-old十六岁的Point复合形容词由两个或两个以上的单词构成，词与词之间常加连字符“-”。16-year-old是由“基数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，意为“十六岁的”，常用在名词前作定语，而16yearsold常用作表语。Ihavea16-year-oldsisiter.1)数字+-+名词:a3-yearplan2)形容词+-+名词-ed:awarm-heartedwoman3)形容词+-+动词-ing:agood-lookinggirl【拓展延伸】：复合形容词的其他形式2.Howerer,shehassomebadhabits,too.(教材P153a)回归教材

howeveradv.

然而；不过Pointhowever与but均可意为“然而；不过”，表示转折，区别如下：however副词可位于句首、句中、句末，一般用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。比but正式，但对比不如but明显。but连词常位于它所引出的分句之首，其后通常不用逗号隔开。表示明显的对比。Hewasfeelingbad.Hewenttowork,however.JackplaysfootballwellbutIdon't.=Jackplaysfootballwell.However,Idon't.3.SheusuallywatchesTVformorethantwohoursaday,andshesometimeseatshamburgers.(教材P153a)回归教材morethan多于Pointmorethan相当于over，常用于数词前，反义短语为lessthan“少于”。Therearemorethan5,000studentsinourschool.拓展延伸：“nomorethan+数词”表示“至多；仅仅”。Therearenomorethantwobooksleft.4.Almosteveryday.(教材P164)回归教材

almostadv.几乎；差不多Point(1)almost常用来表示程度，同义词是nearly。Iheardalmostallthestoriesabouthim.(2)almost可与never,no,none,nothing等词连用，但不能与very连用。Myfriendsalmostnevervisitedmyhouse.Today,almosteveryonehasasmartphone.5.None.(教材P164)回归教材

nonepron.

没有一个；毫无PointItriedmanydifferentwaysofdoingit,butnoneofthemweresuccessful.Sam'shistoryteacherwasaskinghimsomequestions.However,noneofhisanswerswascorrect.Itwasalmost15minutesbutnoonewas