2018小学英语语法大全(超实用)

小学英语语法大全超实用一、名词（可数名词和不可数名词）二、人称代词

三、冠词

四、动词

五、介词

六、数词

七、形容词和副词八、therebe结构九、句式1.肯定句

2.否定句

3.疑问句

4.祈使句十、时态：

1.一般现在时

2.一般过去时

3.现在进行时4.一般将来时十一、 的特殊疑问句一、名词英语语法中，名词有两种数的形式：1）单数（表示一个人或事物）;2）复数（表示多于一个的人或数）。只有可数名词才有复数形式。名词的数:形式名词复数形式的构成 例词训books,cups,ca+Ndogs,birds,arms]days,players变化规则发音一般情况+SL清辅音结尾的名词后［s］2浊辅音结尾的名词后［0；3.元音结尾的名词后［N］；以§・sh,・ch,+es[iz]bus.brush,boxes,watch.-z结尾的名词大多数以-0结+es[z]tomatoes,尾的名词potatoes以元音字母加。+sradios,pianos结尾的名词把y改成i再加es[z]stories,families,babies以辅音字母加y结尾的名词以f和色结尾把f或他改成v再加es[z]thieves,knives的大多数名词 由元音字母的变化构成：

man-men.tooth-teeth,foot-feet, mouse-mic%woman-women

2.有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样：

sheep,deer,fish（但也可以是fishes） 3.有些名词变成复数时加-en：

I child-children,ox-oxen还事则名词的爱）Practise^)Lpeachpeaches3.glassglasses2.zoozoos

4.foxfoxes5・ladyladies6.pollcewomanpolicewomen7.househouses

9.monkeymonkeys11roseroses13.judgejudges 8.photopho十os lO.wifewives ]2.pathpa+hs_14.mapmapsPractise1. He （他）ismybrother.2.1hadaletterfrom her （她）.3.Ifsallright;ifsonly me .（我）.4.Today we （我们）wentin our _（我们的）tomorrow we （我们）aregoingin 十heirs （他们的工5. I （我）lend my （我的）booksgladlyto my（我的）friendsandto yours （你的）.6.Canyouhelp me 一 （我）with my （我的）English.7.When you （你）90toseepleasetakethesebooksto himyour （你的）father,（他）汁 （它）difficulttolearnGerman. 双重所有格所有格的形式单数人称名词末尾加's

以-s结尾的单数人称名词末尾加's child-child^wcdlress-wailress's不规则的复数人称名词末尾加'schildren'schildren-以-S结尾的复数人称名词末尾加，以T结尾的一些人名末尾加' S girls-girls,James-James's下列情况一般用“of”结构：

1.东西（没有现成的复合名词时）：十hebookofthefilm2.东西的一部分：thebottomofthebox 3.抽象的概念：thepriceofsuccess

Mof短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时：

Can午youlookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?'s结构也可以用于“of”结构之后，如：afriendofmyfathers,出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词，又如：thissonofmin%afriendofyours,acousinofhers等等。Isn'tFrankafriendofyours?ThatsillyuncleofTom'shastoldmethesameJokefiveTimes.冠

词不定冠词的用法：

1.表示“一”，“任何一个”或“不管哪一个”的意思。Ihaveasisterandtwobrothers.2.在某些度量表示法中：

WehavePElessonsthreetimesaweek.3.用在单数的表语名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。 Georgewantstobeanengineer.4.在以wh"引导的感叹句中，单数的可数名词前。Whataprettygirl!5.一些常用短语中。haveagoodtime,halfanhour,haveaheadache....定冠词的用法：1.用来表示“独一无二”的意思。Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2.表示“说话的人刚刚提到过的人或事物”。 Thereisaboatintheriver.Theboatismadeofwood.3.用在后面跟有限定性介词短语的名词前。 theletterfromAmerica,thefourteenthofApril4.用在泛指的乐器名词前。Heplaysthepiano.5.一些常用短语。way.inthemorning.WhaFsthematter?零冠词的用法：1.泛指的抽象名词前qLifeisveryhardforsomepeople.2.泛指的物质名词前。Waterisveryuseful.3.泛指的复数名词前口Booksaremybestfriends.4.泛指的“餐"名前oCometohavedinner/breakfastwithme.5.大多数的专有名词前。HecomesfromFrance.6.语言的名词前。ShecanspeakFrench.7.在季节和节日的名词前。Winteristhebesttimeforskating.8.当名词前已有一些代词修饰时”Mybrotherisasoldier.9.在体育项目的名词前。playbasketball10—些常用短语°athome,gotoschool,atnightprimaryschool.4.Chinais ancientcountrywith a longhistory.5.Chinahasthe~populationof12hundredmillion.TheChinesepeopleare/6.Hermotheris greatpeople* Q universityteacher.Sheis Qnhonestwoman.7.Noneofthe.booksshouldbetakenoutof7h® nwithout librarian.I permissionof十he

8,ThePartyalwaysteachesustoworkfor / peopleheartandsouL

schoolby9.Shestudiesat/ No.3MiddleSchooLShegoesto /

/buseveryday.10.Myeldersisteris Q studentof / English.Shestudiesat _college.Q

UTimMondaybefore12.Haveyouhad / dinner? / SpringFestivalwasverycold. 四、动词

动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质,有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义动词、be动词、情态动词can等。 am,is,areBe动词f was,were been1.He is verygoodatEnglish. Practise2.MyfatherandI Cir。goingtoBeijingnextrr3 youondutythedaybeforeyesterday?4.AAr.King WHS inLondontwoweeksago.5.Thereare manykindsofanimalsinthezoo.6.What VIZIS thedateyesterday?7.Look!Alittlegirl iS flyingakite.8.Who WCIS notatschoollastMonday?9.HaveyoueverbeCH toJapan?notanurse.Iworkasadoctor.动词的基本形式原形第三人称单过去式过去分词现在分词数现在式studystudiesstudiedstudiedstudyingdodoesdiddonedoinghavehashadhadhaving1earnlearnslearned/learntlearned/learntlearning第三人称单数现在式情况变化规则例词一般情况+Sworks,learns,eats,needs,says结尾为

s,x,sh,ch,o+espasses,washes,

teaches,goes,fixes结尾为辅音变y为i+escarries,studies,flies,hurries,cries字母+y动词be和have的第三人称单数现在式分别是is和haso动词的过去式构成在动词后加ed在以结在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词后，先变y为i再加ed在重读闭音节或r音节尾的动词后加ed结尾而末尾只有一个例词读音、辅音字母时，须双写这个辅音字母再加ed在清辅音后读出lookedhopedstudiedstoppedwashedlikeddroppedpassedlivedplannedstayed在元音和浊辅音后读[d]calledtriedpreferredcarried在辅音计卜[d]后读[id]tastedadmittedneededpermitted现在分词情况变化规则例词一般情况+ingdoing#asking#helping以不发音的e结尾去e力口inghaving,taking,writing,living的动词以重读闭音节结尾双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ingrunning,

swimming,

putting,sitting而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词Practise原形第三人称单数现在式过去式现在分词have has

giveshad

gavehavinggivegivinggetgetsgotgettingreadreadsreadreadingsweepsweepingplayingsweeps sweptplays playedcarriescarriedplaycarrycarrying五、动词的时态 I 飞动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和表示方式的一种动词形式;小学阶段所学的时态有：L—般现在时：work/works2.现在进行时：am/is/areworking3•一般过去时：worked4.—般将来时：am/is/aregoingtowork一般现在时通常表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或目前的状态。常与时间副词连用：always,often.usually,every...,onSundays,twice基本结构 Qweek等。肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句Iwork. Idon'十work. Do工work?Wework. Wedon'十work. Dowework?Youwork. youdon'十work. Doyouwork?Theywork. Theydon'十work. D。theywork?She] She] rshe]He L works. He卜doesn'twork. DoesJhe^ork； 1+J 〔i+J现在进行时通常表示说话时或现阶段正在发生或进行着的动作。它所表示的动作具有持续性、暂时性和未完成性。常见的与现在进行时有关的词有：基本结构 now,thesedays,look,listen^o肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句Iamworking. 工卬notworking* 4mIworking?Weareworking. We'renotworking. Areweworking?Youareworking. youarenJtworking* Areyouworking?Theyareworking.Theyaren'tworking.Aretheyworking；She]

He卜work%*isShe]

He>working.isn*tr sitfeIs,he卜working,Itit一般过去时通常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，其中也包括习惯性动作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用：yesterday,last...,...ago,justnow,in1998等。肯定句否定句DidIwork?一般疑问句'\Didwework? /Didyouwork? \Didtheywork?/Did《he1it:产]《卜work?<Iworked.Ididn'twork.

Wedidn'twork.Weworked.Youworked.YoudidnJtwork.Theyworked.Theydidn'十work.She]

He }worked.She?1+JHe卜didn'十work.一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或情况。常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用：十omorrow,next....Begoingtodo表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事；也可以表示“预见”，即现在己有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况.肯定句否定句一般疑问句工'mgoingtowork.I'mnotgoingtowork.AmIgoingtowork?We'regoingtowork.Wearen'tgoingtowork.Arewegoingtowork?you'regoingtowork.Youaren'tgoingtowork.Areyougoingtowork?They'regoingtowork.Theyaren'tgoingtowork.Aretheygoingtowork?HeLisgoingtowork.She]I+JHeLisn'tgoingtowork.She]I+JIsJheIgoingtowork?「she]3J1.Peter p|cyw (play)basketballtwiceaweek.2.D。youbelievewhathe Said (say)justnow?3.Look!Thelazycatissleeping (sleep)inthesofa.4.There is (be)abookandtwopensonthedesk.5.Are yougoing十。See (see)afilmtomorrowmorning?6.She 但片十playing(no十play)theguitaratthemoment.7.Whatdoeshisfatherusually do (do)intheevening?8.Theyaregoing十0havefhave)ameetingnextweek,aren1!they?9.BothheandI QM (be)teachers.10.1didn'1"feel Fno十feel)verywellyesterday.ILHeputonhiscoatand wen十 (go)out.12.LeiFengoften helps (help)othersandhewashelpful.13.NextSunday,we 口「乞going十o.lenii (clean)upthepark.14.Hurry!Yourmother iswai+ing (wait)foryouattheschoolgate.六、介词

介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系.不能单独作句子成分，常位于名词或代词（或与之相当的其他词类、短语，从句）前面构成介词短语。介词后面的成分作介词的宾语。Jractis”LLook orT thepicture.Ifspictureofmyschool.2.Thereisaschoolbuildingin myschool.Ithasfivefloors.Near theschoolbuilding,thereisabigplayground.After schooIzthechildrenalwaysplayballgamesthere.3.Myclassroomison thefifthfloor.Ifsbigandclean*4.MissLiisourclassteacher.Shecomesto schoolearlyeverymorning.Shecomesbybicycle.Thenshedoesmorningexerciseswith us.Shelikessports.Tomorrowisherbirthday.Wewillmakeacardforher.Weloveherverymuch.5.Therearesomeapples on thetree.6.-Where'syourstudy?-Ifsnextto mybedroom.7.ThecarunderthetreeisJack's.8.Theballisbehind thedoor,soyoucantseeit9.In froni" of 十hehouse,therearemanytrees.10.Listen!SomeoneisknockingQtthedoor.ILThereissomethingwrongwithrnycomputer. 七、数词

1.表示数目的词称为基数词

2.表示数目顺序的词称为序数词

L1一12的基数词：

one,two.three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve13-19的基数词：-teen

thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen20—90的基数词：-ty twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety21—29的基数：十位数和个位数之间要加连字符号“-”twenty-one,twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four,twenty-five,$twenty-six,twenty-seven,twenty-eight,twenty-nine thirty-nine,forty-eight,fifty-seven.--.2.百位数: 百位数和十位数之间加and。onehundred#twohundred,threehundred,fourhundred...fivehundredandeight-six.sixhundredandninety-nine,sevenhundredandeight,eighthundredandone3.千位数：onethousand,fourthousand,seventhousandonehundredandfive'工质英语中没有“万”这个单位，所以常用thousand来表示。tenthousand,thirtythousand,fifteenthousandonehundred,fivehundredandonethousandfourhundredandthirty-twoL英语序数词第1-19除了first,second与十hird有特殊形式外，其余的都由 基数词加后缀Th构成。注意：fifth,eighth,nirrhh和twel什h的拼法白2.十位数的序数词的构成方法是：先把十位数的基数词的词尾十y中的y变为i, 然后加后缀-eth.如：twenty—twentieth,forty—fortieth3.十位数的序数词如果含有1-9的个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，中间用 连字符。如：twenty-fourth,ninety-fifth4.百、千、万等的序数词由hundred，十housand,million等加Th,前面加有关的基数词构成。如：onehundredth,onethousandth注意：序数词前的one不能用q代替。onehundredandtwenty-firstJractis^J)1.Thereare C daysinayear.A.threehundredssixty-five B.threehundredsandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixty-five threehundredandsixtyfive2 f) peopIevisitthismuseumeveryday.A.Hundred B.Hundreds C・Hundredof Hundredsof3・Therearetwo A peopleinthemeetingroom.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundredsof D.hundredof4,A treeshavebeenplantedinourschoolinthepast10years,A.ThousandsofB・Twothousands C.Thousandof D.Twothousandof5.MybrotherisinBA.ThreeClass,OneGrade B.ClassThree,GradeOneGradeOne,ClassThree D・classthree,gradeone6.Wearegoingtoleorn thisterm.A.booksixB.sixbookC・thebooksixD・BookSix7.Wecansaythenumber78,645inEnglishlikethisCA.seventy-eightthousandandsixhundredandforty-fiveB.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandfortyfiveC.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandforty-fiveseventyeight8."Theyear1999"shouldberead"TheyearB 11<nineteenandninety-nine B.nineteenninety-nineC.onethousandninehundredandninety-nineD・nineteenhundredandninety-nine9・HewillcomehereB tomorrowmorning.A.atfifth B.atten C.ontwo tilltenth10.EverydayhebeginstodohishomeworkA.A.attenpastseven B.atsevenpasstenC.ontenpastseventh D・untilten11.WeallliketheB boy.A.oftenyearsoldB・ten-year-oldC.attenoldD・ofageoften12.ThereareB monthsinayear,Decemberisthe monthoftheyear.A.twelve;twelveB.twelve;twelfthC.twelfth;twelveD・twelve;twelveth13.DuringB century,theworldpopulationhasalreadyreached6billion.A.twentyB.thetwentiethC.twentiethD.thetwenty14.Jennywasborn AAonJuly10,1987 B.inJuly10/987Cin1987,July10 D*on1987,July10八\形容词和副词• 方式副词：carefully,quickly,suddenly...2.地点副词：here,there,up.down...3.时间副词：yesterday,today,now...4.痛度匐就very,quite,much,just...喻急宗屈赢形容词、其他副词以及全 句的词。l.Theproblemis difficult.2.Hewrotetheletterscarefully.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级情况比较级最高级一般情况 如：taller,longer,faster,sooner+est5如：tallest,longest,fastest,soonest以e结尾的词+r,如：later,nicer,larger 如：latest,nicest,largest以重读闭音节结双写最后一个字母，再+er,如：bigger,fatter双写最后一个字母，再+est,如:biggest,fattest尾的词以辅音字母加y把y改为i再+er,如：busier,earlier把y改为i再+est,如：busiest,earliest结尾的词大部分多音节词在前面加more,如：在前面加most,如：morecareful,mostcareful,morewonderfullymostwonderfully不规则的词：good/well,

many/much,betterbestmoremostfarther/furtherfarthest/furtherfar 比较级的用法

1.用来把彼此独立的事和人进行比较，表示"比……更……一些”的意思，通常用一个由从属连词十hon引导的状语从句来表示和什么相比。为了避免重复，从句中有些成分可以省略。如：

Helenistaller十hanLucy. 7HegotmoreinformationThanIdid. ?HerunsfasterthanI. j 2.如果我们要说两个东西在某一方面是一样的，我们就可以用 形容词/副词+as".形容词不用比较级而用原级。在作否定 比较时,可以用notas...as...,notsa..as…，也可以用

less...than...,如：

Jimmyisas十allashisfather.Idon?+writeas/sowellasHelen.Thisfilmislessin十eresting十hanthatone* 比较级的用法

3.为了表示持续不断的变化，我们可以用“双重比较”的方法，这种结构后面不可跟他时引导的比较状语从句。如：Heiscryingharderandharder.OurcountrygetsmoreandmorebecnrtifuL

Computersaregettingsmallerandsmaller,andcomputingfasterandfaster.4.表示两个变化是一起发生的，可以把比较级形式和十he-起用，表示“越……,就越……”的意思。如：

Thehigherthemountainis,十hethinnertheairis.Theearlieryoustart.十hesooneryouwillbeback.小IJractis”)LShanghaiis larger thanBeijing.ItisIhelargestcityinourcountry,(large)2.Billisn'tas old asMike.Tomisolder thanMike.Whoistheoldestofthethreeboys?(old)3.Marydrawsas well asBill,andsheismuchbetterthanhimatsinging,(well,good)4.Springiscoming*Theweatherisgettingwarmerwarmer .(warm) "一一一~ and5.Tom,JonandIboughtacomputereachlastweek.John'scomputerismuchmoreexpensivethanTom'sandmine.Itisthemostexpensive ofthethree,(expensive)6.Itisalittle wetter todaythanyesterday,(wet)7.AArsBrownismuchhealthierthanshewastwoyearsago.(healthy)8.Whichdoyoulike best .basketball,volleyball,orfootball?(well)*--**^*-***-****-**^-*^^****n^1.Beijingersaretruefriendlytotheword(friend)2.Look!How happily Kittyislaughing!(happy)3.1thinkJulyishotterthananyothermonthinourcountry,(hot)4.Shealwayslistenstotheteachercarefullyinclass*(care)5.TheparkisoneofthemostbzairtifIIIparksinBeijing,(beautiful)6.ShespeaksEnglish,butnotaswell ashisbrother,(good)7.1wasfrigh十enedbythefrighteningsound.(frightened,frightening)8.Themusicsoundsbeautiful ・(beautiful,beautifully)9.Don'十makesomuchnoise,oryouwillwakeupthe sleepingboy.(sleeping,asleep)10.Yesterday^concertwaswonderful.IVeneverheardsuchanexciting onebefore,(excited,exciting)Therebe的结构

Therebe表示“存在有”，即当我们告诉某人某事存在（或不存在）常用这种结构。其中十here是引导词,本身无词义;be为谓语动词，后面跟的是名词，也就是主语，也就是说therebe结构的运用也就是倒装的具体运用。其真正的主语在Therebe之后.肯定句：Thereis/wasa...

Thereare/were…f一般疑问句:Is/Wasthere...?Yes,thereis/was.No.thereisn't/was.Arethere...?Yes.thereare/were.No,therearen5t/weren5t.否定句：Thereisn'+/wasnJ+....Therearen^/weren5!--..-**^*********1Therebe白勺2口木勾一般情况下，some用于肯定句中，any用于否定句中。如:Thereissomemilkinthebottle.TherearenJtanypicturesonthewall.Isthereanythingnewintoday'snewspaper?2.Be动词与后面所跟名词的就近原则：Thereisapenandtwopencilsinthebox.Therearesomestudentsandateacherintheclassroom.3.特殊疑问句：1)Whafsinthebasket?Thereoresomeeggsinit.2)Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?Therearefiftystudents.PractiseThere A noteainthecup.A.is B・are C.has be2.There B inthenextroom.A.isTom B・aresomeboys C.aretheyD・istheboy3.Thereissome B ontheplate.A.apple B.bread C.banana D・sandwich4.There A somepaperandapenonthedesk.A.is B.are C・have D・has5-There*sgoingto C intomorrow1snewspapers.A.havesomethingnew B.havenewsomethingC.besomethingnew D・benewsomething6.Thereissomemilkinthebottle, A ?A.isn'tthere B.aren*+there C.isn'十it D・arethere7. A isthereonthetable?A.Howmanyapples B.HowmuchbreadC.Howmuchbreads 0.Howmanyfood8.Thereis T oldwomaninthecar.A. X B.a C・the D・an9.There's A orangetreebehind house.A.an；the B.a；a C.the；the10.Thereis C mapintheclassroom- mapisonthewall.A.a；A B・the；The C・a；The D.the；AILThereis A "f"and "u,Jinthewordufour".12.There

an；a B.a；aB notanywaterintheglass. C.an；an D・a；an IA.has B・is C.are13.There B anappleandtenbananasinthebasket, Youcantakeanyofthem.A.are B.is C.has D・have14. B anyflowersonbothsidesofthestreet?A.Isthere B.Arethere C.Has D・Have15.Thereislittlewaterintheglass. D16.There A.isn*+thereB.isn*titB somewaterinthebottle. C・isit D・isthere4.are B・is C.has D.have17.Howmany arethereinyourclassroom?A.desks B.desk C.chair D・doorLWhat「Wh”的疑问句-1)What'sthis/that?2)Whafsyourname?3)Whatareyoudoing?5)Whatdidyoudo? 4)