广东省广州市增城区2019-2021年三年中考一模英语试卷分类汇编：阅读理解

广东省广州市增城区

2019-2021年三年中考一模英语试卷分类汇编

阅读理解

2021年广东省广州市增城区九年级中考一模英语试题

第一节阅读理解（共15小题:每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从26-40各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡

上将该选项涂黑。

（A）

Itwas3:21a.m.whennine-yearoldTomawoketothesmellofburning.Exceptforthe

cracking（爆裂声）offiresomewherebelowtherewasnotasoundinthetwo-storeyhouse.

Withhisfatherawayonnighdutyatalocalfactory,Tomwaswoniedaboutthesafetyofhis

mother,hissisterKaren.14andhis12-year-oldbrotherTold.Herandownstairsthroughthesafety

ofthegarden.There,hissisterandbrother,takingshortandquickbreathsandcoughing,lyingon

thegrass.

Thenine-year-oldboyranbackintothehouseandupstairstohismother'sroom.Hefoundit

wasimpossibletowakeherup.Hismother,breathingintoomuchsmoke,wasunconscioiis.and

therewasnobodytohelpTomcarryhertathegarden.Buttheboystayedcalmand,asafireman

saidlater,"actedwithalltheself-controlofatrainedadult.”

Onthebedroomtelephone,luckilystillworking.Tomcalledhisfatherand.leavinghisfather

totelephonethefiremenandambulanceservice,gotonsavinghismother.

First,hefilledabucketwithwaterfromthebathroomandthrewwateroverhismotherand

herbed.Then,withawetclotharoundhisheadhewentbacktothegarden.

Hecouldhearthefireenginecomingup.buthowwouldthefiremenfindhismotherinthe

smoke-filledhousewherefirehadalmostswallowedupthegroundfloor?

Gettingaballofstring（线）fromthegarage,Tomranbackintothehouseandrushedupstairs

tohismother'sroom.Tyingoneendofthestringtoherhand,heranback,layingoutthestringas

hewent,throughthehallandbackoutintothegarden.

Minuteslater,hewastellingfirechiefJohn,“Thestringwillleadyoutomother.^^Hismother

wascarriedtosafetyasthefirewerebreakingthroughherbedroomfloor.

26.WhydidTomrundownstairsfirst?

A.Hewantedtosavehissisterandbrother.

B.Hewasworriedabouthismother'ssafety.

C.Hewantedtofindoutwhatwashappening.

D.Hewenttoseeifhisfatherhadcomebackfromwork.

27.Theunderlinedword“unconscious“inParagraph3means.

A.fearlessB.surprisedC.senselessD.frightened

28.WhatisthecorrectorderofTom'saction?

a.Hetiedthestringtohermother'shand.

b.Hehelpedhissisterandbrothertoasafeplace.

c.Hemadeaphonecalltohisfather.

d.Hesmelledsomethingunusual.

e.Hepouredsomewateroverhismother.

A.b-d-c-a-eB.d-b-c-e-aC.c-d-b-a-eD.b-d-c-e-a

29.Fromthepassage,weknowthat.

A.Tomlearnedsomethingaboutfirstaid

B.Tomfollowedhismother'sinstructions

C.Tom'sfathertaughthimtodosoonthephone

D.Tomdealtwiththeemergencycalmlyandwisely

(B)

Manywayshavebeentakentofightfoodwaste,butoneyoungmanismakingabig

differencewithtechnology.

LiuJichen,23,astudentfromTsinghuaUniversity,hasdevelopedaWeChatmini-program

called"ClearYourPlate”.Afterameal,userscanopentheminiprogramandtakeapictureof

theiremptyplates.OncetheimageisrecognizedbytheAI,studentscancollectpointsanduse

themtobuygiftsorbuymealsforchildreninpoorareas.

Liuandhisteam,togetherwithotherorganizations,beganthe"ClearYourPlate”campaign

(行:动)inNovemberforthethirdyear.Ithassweptover1.017universitiesacrossthecountry.

Theone-monthcampaignattractedalmost1.6millionstudentsandsomeotherpeopleand

collectivelyreducedfoodwasteby862tonsandcarbonemissions（碳排放）by3,337tons,the

ChinaYouthDailyreported.

Theideatodevelopsuchamini-programcamefromLiu'sexperienceinacanteen.In2017,

hefoundthatarestaurantwouldgivedinerswhofinishedofftheirfoodacardandoffersmall

giftsafteracertainnumberofcardshadbeencollected.

"Technologicalinnovation（仓U新）isagoodwaytoreducefoodwaste,“Liuthought.He

organizedateamof20memberstoworkontheprojectattheendof2017.TosolvetheAl's

problemofidentifyingphotosofemptyplates,theteamspenthalfayearcollectingover10,000

samplesincanteensandrestaurants.In2018.themini-programwasofficiallyputintooperation

onOctober16,WorldFoodDay.Theythenbeganacampaignlaterthatyear.

“Wehopeoureffortscanstartanewtrendamongtheyoungpeoplebyencouragingthemto

valuetheirfoodanddevelopthehabitofsaving/9Liusaid."Throughthecampaign,wehopeto

encourageeveryonetotakeactionagainstfoodwasteandtocontribute（作贡献）Chinesewisdom

andsolutionstoworldfoodsecuritychallenges.^^headded.

30.Whyisthemini-programsopopularamongthestudents?

A.Studentscangetsomethinginreturn.

B.Studentscantakepicturesafterameal.

C.Themini-programcanrecognizethestudents9images.

D.Themini-programprovidesthestudentswithsomemeals.

31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"It"inParagraph3referto?

A.TsinghuaUniversityB.thetechnology

C.theorganizationD.the“ClearYourPlate^^campaign

32.HowdidLiuhavetheideatodevelopsuchamini-program?

A.Hegotitfromsomephotos.B.HegotitfromTheChinaYouthDaily.

C.Helearneditfromarestaurant.D.HelearneditfromTsinghuaUniversity.

33.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Liuhopestodevelopthemini-program.

B.Liuworriesabouttheworld'sfoodsecurityproblems.

C.Liuhashelpedyoungpeopleform,thehabitofsavingfood.

D.Liuisgladthateveryonehastakenactionagainstfoodwaste.

（C）

Now,citieslargeandsmalloftenhaveremainsofearlierhistoricstreetsandsidewalk

pavements（人行道）.Yettheyoftengounprotectedevenwhentheymaybeolderthanneighboring

historicbuildingsthathaveenjoyedprotectionfortensoryears.

Therearemanyreasonstoprotecthistoricpavements-culturevalue,economics,

environmentalbenefitsandpublicsafety.Pavementsplayedanimportantpartinthe

modernizationofcityenvironmentsinthe19thcentury.

Beforethelyingofpavement,streetsofdirtcausedmanyproblemstopeople,especiallyin

wetweatherwhentheybecamemuddy,whichbroughtmuchtroubletopeople'slife.

Tosolvetheproblem,citiesexperimentedwithdifferentkindsofmaterialstobalance

durability（耐用性）economics,sourcesofmaterialsandnoiseconsiderations.

Theearliestpavementsinmanycriticsweremadeofroundedstones.Theywerecheapand

durable,butroughandnoisy.Loosestonepavementswerecheapandsmooth,butnotverydurable.

Woodalsoappearedinthe1850sasapopularchoice-smooth,quietandaffordable,butnotvery

durable.

Inmanycriticsandtowns,brick（砖）streetsaretheonlyhistoricpavementsthathave

survived.Thisfactcoversupthetruthofpavementexperimentationbetweenthe1850sand1920s,

whenacitycoulduseuptoadozendifferentpavingmaterialsatthesametime!Indeed,eachcity

developeddaunique（独特的）“pavementidentify^^inthematerialschosenandthewaytheywere

laid.

Itiseasytothinkofthepastwhenseeinghistoricpavements,asrecalling“oldworld”city

qualities.However,theyaremoresimilartotheearlyhighbuildingsandparks-importantcity

featuresthatshowedthemodernizationofthecity.AIatimewhencitiesarebecoming

increasinglysimilar,suchpavementsalsohelpdefineanimportantsenseofplace,

34.Whatisthepresentsituationofhistoricpavements?

A.Beinghighlyvaluedasculturalbuildings.

B.Failingtorepresentmodemenvironments.

C.Beingbroughtbacktoitsformerglory（辉煌）.

D.Failingtoreceiveprotectiontheyshouldget.

35.Whywasthefirstpavementbuiltinhistory?

A.Tohelpdevelopthelocaleconomy.

B.Tobringconveniencetopeople'slife.

C.Todevelopaunique“pavementidentity^^.

D.Topreventearthfrombeingwashedaway.

36.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraphs4-6?

A.Differentexperimentsoncityidentity.

B.Popularityofdifferentpavingmaterials.

C.Developmentofpavementsofdifferentmaterials.

D.Advantagesanddisadvantagesofstonepavements.

37.Whafsthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Toprotectthehistoricpavements.

B.Totellwaysofbuildingpavements.

C.Toshowthemonetizationofthecity.

D.Tointroducethehistoryofthepavements.

(D)

FoodFestivalsaroundtheworld

StiltonCheeseRolling

MayDayisatraditionaldayforcelebrations,butthe2.000EnglishvillagersofStiltonmust

betheonlypeopleintheworldwhoincludecheeserollingintheirannualplans.Teamsoffour,

dressedinstrangeandfunnyclothes,rollacompletecheesealonga50-mtrecourse.Ontheway,

theymustnotkickorthrowtheircheese,orgointotheircompetitors5lane(跑道).Thefirstprize

isacompleteStiltoncheeseweighingaboutfourkilos(disappointingly,butunderstandablythe

cheesesusedintheracearewoodenones).

FieryFoodsFestival—TheHottestFestivalonEarth

Everyyearmorethan10.000peopleheadforthecityofAlbuquerque,NewMexico.They

comefromasfarawayasAustralia,theCaribbeanandChina,buttheyallshareacommon

addiction-foodthatisnotjustspicy,buthotenoughtomakeyourmouthbum,yourheadspinand

youreyeswater.TheFieryFoodandBBQFestivalisheldoveraperiodofthreedaysevery

March.Youmightliketotryachocolate-coveredhabaneropepper-thehottestpepperinthe

world-oranyoneofthethousandsofproductsthatareonshow.Butonething'sforsure—ifyou

don'tlikethefeelingofaburningtongue,thisfestivalisn'tforyou!

LaTomatina--TheWorld'sBiggestFoodFight

OnthelastWednesdayofeveryAugust,theSpanishtownofBunolhostsLaTomatina--the

world'slargestfoodfight.Aweek-longcelebrationleadsuptoanexcitingtomatobattleasthe

highlightoftheweek'sevents.Theearlymorningseesthearrivaloflargetruckswithtomatoes-

officialfight-startersgetthingsgoingbycastingtomatoesatthecrowd.Thebattlelastslittlemore

thanhalfanhour,inwhichtimearound50,000kilogramsoftomatoeshavebeenthrownatanyone

oranythingthatmoves,runs,orfightsback.

38.IntheStiltoncheeserollingcompetition,competitorsoneachteammust.

A.kickorthrowtheircheese

B.rollawoodencheeseintheirownlane

C.weardifferentkindsofformalclothes

D.use3realcheeseweighingaboutfourkilos

39.HowlongdoesthecelebrationofLaTomatinalast?

A.Sevendays.B.Threedays.

C.Twoweeks.D.Morethanhalfanhour.

40.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.LaTomatinatakesplaceatthebeginningofAugusteveryyear.

B.More由an10,000ChinesetakepartintheFieryFoodandBBQFestival.

C.ThousandsofspicyfoodsareonshowintheFieryFoodandBBQFestival.

D.ThefirstprizefortheStiltoncheeserollingcompetitionis22-kiloStiltoncheese.

答案：

26-29:ACD30-33:ADCB34-37:DBCA38-40:BAC

2020年广东省广州市增城区初中学业质量监测（一模）英语试题

第一节阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

（A）

In1992,ZhangBaoyanandherhusbandQinYanyouexperiencedtheanxietyafterlosingtheir

sonforhoursbyaccident.Fromthenon,thecouplestartedtopayattentiontomissingchildrenand

triedtheirbesttoofferhelptothem.Theysetupawebsite一一tohelp

parentsfindtheirmissingchildrenforfree.Inordertorunitwell,Zhanggaveupherjoband

becameafull-timevolunteer.Shetalkedonthephoneforhoursadayandpaidupto2,000yuana

month.Thecouplehadtravelledfromsouthtonorth,rushedtorescuethemissingchildren.In2009,

Zhang's''SuggestionsonbuildingaDNAdatabasetofightagainstchildtrafficking（三£法交易）”

wereacceptedbytheMinistryofPublicSecurity,whichprovidesstrongtechnicalsupportfor

helpingmissingchildrenaccuratelyfindtheirrelatives.Since2007,"BabyGoHome"hasbeen

growingfast,ithasbecomeabackbonetolightthebabyhomeroad.Atpresent,BabyGoHomeis

theonlynationalsearchwebsitecooperatingwiththeanti-traffickingofficeoftheMinistryof

PublicSecurity.UptoNovember2019,BabyGoHomehashelpedmorethan3,000missing

childrenfindtheirrelatives.

WhenZhangturnsonhercomputereveryday,sheisgreetedbymorethan200workgroups

anddiscussiongroupsatBabyGoHome.Thechildrenwhoneedhelpmayfindtheirwayhomein

thisway.Volunteersplayamajorroleinsearchingchildren.Theydownloadanduploadthe

informationontheplatformofHBabyGoHomeSearchNetwork"tomatchpossiblefamiliesand

children,andcarryoutthesearchworkinascientificandefficientway.Atthebeginning,therewere

onlyafewvolunteers,butnowtherearemorethan300,000volunteersalloverthecountry.

MIdon'twantBabyGoHometogetbiggerandbigger.Iwantthewebsitetogetsmallerand

smaller.Myfinalgoalisnochildtrafficking,"saidZhang.

26.ZhangBaoyanandherhusbandbuiltupthewebsiteto.

A.helptolookfortheirchild

B.offerhelptothosewholostchildren

C.earnsomemoneyafterZhangquitherjob

D.providestrongtechnicalsupportforchildrentofindtheirrelatives

27.Whatdoestheunderlined"it"inthefirstparagraphreferto?

A.thewebsiteB.theanxietyC.thesuggestionD.herjob

28.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.Zhangcouldn'tfindhersonatlast.

B.Moreandmorepeoplejointheorganization.

C.Withthehelpoftheorganization,nochildismissingnow.

D.About300,000missingchildrenfindtheirrelativesuntilNovember2019.

29.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat.

A.ZhangwantedtostopthewebsiteB.thewebsitefacedgreatdifficulties

C.ZhanghopedfewerchildrengetmissingD.fewerandfewerchildrengetmissing

now

30.Whafsthemainideaofthepassage?

A.WhyaDNAdatabasewasbuilt.

B.Whysomanychildrengetmissing.

C.Howthemissingchildrenfindtheirrelatives.

D.WhatZhangandthevolunteersdidforthemissingchildren.

［答案】26.B27.A28.B29.C30.D

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了张宝艳夫妇建立了“宝贝回家”网站，旨在帮助失踪儿童找到

自己的亲人。现在已经有越来越多的志愿者加入这个行列，帮助了众多家庭。

【26题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段“Theysetupawebsite——tohelpparentsfind

theirmissingchildrenforfree”可知，张宝艳夫妇开设“宝贝回家”的目的是为了帮助丢失孩子

的父母寻找孩子。故选B。

【27题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段"Theysetupawebsite—...Inordertorunitwell''

可知，划线部分的it指代的是前文中提到的“宝贝回家”网站。故选A。

【28题详解】

名田节理解题。根据第二段“Althebeginning,therewereonlyafewvolunteers,butnowthereare

morethan300,000volunteersalloverthecountry.”可知，有越来越多的人加入到"宝贝回家”这

个组织。故选B。

【29题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“Myfinalgoalisnochildtrafficking”可知，张宝艳希望丢失、被

拐卖的孩子会越来越少。故选C。

【30题详解】

主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了张宝艳和众多志愿者为失踪儿童寻找亲人

所做的努力，他们已经帮助若干家庭重获团圆。故选D。

【点睛】

(B)

ThebookCompendiumofMateriaMedica,whoseauthorcalledLiShizhen,washighly

praisedbyDarwinastheencyclopediaofancientChina.

Bornintoamedicalfamily,Libegantoreadsomemedicalclassics,andsometimeswent

togetherwithhisfathertreatingdiseaseswhenhewasachild.Butatthattime,peoplelookeddown

upondoctors,sohisfatherdidn'thopethesonwouldtakemedicineashiscareer,andaskedhimto

taketheroadofimperialexaminations(科举).Forthatpurpose,hetookGuRiyanashisteacher,

whohadalotofbooksinhishomesothatLihadachancetoreadmanyrareclassics.

Attheageof17,20and23,hewenttotakethecountryexamination,butfailedeachtime.Then

hegaveuptheimperialexaminationandfollowedhisfathertoleammedicine.Henotonlytookin

experiencefromothersinmedicaltreatmentbutalsoshowedgreattalentsincreativity.Liwas

highlypraisedforhissympathyfbrthepatientsandfinestmedicalskillsinjustafewyears.

Especially,withhiscuringofastrangediseasecalled“Wormaddiction'1,hewastitled

“Fengcizheng”andthenemployedas"Yuanpan".However,hewasnotinterestedinit,andleftafter

workingonlyfbralittlemorethanoneyear.

Inhismedicalpractice,Lifoundmanymistakesinthebooksofmedicines.Feelingitwasa

greatproblem,hedecidedtowriteanewbookonmedicinesalloveragain.Fromtheageof34,he

startedthisproject.Inadditiontosumming-upofearlierpeople'sexperienceandachievement,he

alsolearnedwidelyfrommedicalfarmers,fishermenandotherlaboringpeople.Heplantedsome

medicalherbshimself,triedthemonhisownbody,soastogettherightknowledgeofthem.

Through27years1hardefforts,hecompletedhisgreatwork,CompendiumofMateriaMedica,athis

ageof60,atlast.

31.Whydidn'tLitakedoctorashiscareerathisyoungage?

A.Becausehepassedimperialexaminations.

B.Becausehewantedtowritehisfamousbook.

C.Becausedoctorscouldn'tearnalotofmoney.

D.Becausedoctorswerenotrespectedbypeople.

32.Howmanytimedidhetakethecountryexamination?

A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.

33.WhatistrueaboutthebookCompendiumofMateriaMedica?

A.Itwaswrittentoshowhisgreatabilityincreativity.

B.ItwaswrittenastheencyclopediaofancientChina.

C.ItwasthefirstmedicinebookeverwritteninMingDynasty.

D.Itwaswrittenaftermanyvisitstopeopleandtestofthemedicine.

34.InwhatorderdidthefollowingeventtakeplaceaboutLi?

a.Hegaveuptheimperialexamination.

b.Helearnedfromallkindsoflaboringpeople.

c.Hereadmanybooksinhisteachefshome.

d.Hegaveupworkingas"Yuanpan'*.

e.Hemadeuphismindtowriteanewbook.

A.c-a-d-e-bB.c-a-d-b-eC.d-c-a-b-eD.

d-a-c-e-b

35.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLiShizhen?

A.Talentedandinteresting.B.Skilledbutimpatient.

C.Braveandhardworking.D.Kindbutuneducated.

【答案】31.D32.B33.D34.A35.C

【解析】

文章是一篇说明文。讲述了李时珍是在怎样的生活环境中创作出《本草纲目》的。

[31题详解】

名田节理解题。根据第二段“Butatthattime,peoplelookeddownupondoctors,sohisfatherdidn't

hopethesonwouldtakemedicineashiscareer,andaskedhimtotaketheroadofimperial

examinations(科举).”可知在李时珍的时代，医者被人看不起，所以他走科举之路。故选D。

【32题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段“Attheageof17,20and23,hewenttotakethecountryexamination,but

failedeachtime.”可知李时珍在17、20和23岁时都参加了科举考试，共计3次，但都失败了。

故选B

【33题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段“healsolearnedwidelyfrommedicalfarmers,fishermenandother

laboringpeople.Heplantedsomemedicalherbshimself,triedthemonhisownbody,soastogetthe

rightknowledgeofthem.”可知李时珍是在拜访劳动人民以及亲自测试药物后才写医术的。故

选D。

【34题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句"Forthatpurpose,hetookGuRiyanashisteacher,whohada

lotofbooksinhishomesothatLihadachancetoreadmanyrareclassics.”可矢LI他在老师家读了

很多书；根据第三段“Thenhegaveuptheimperialexamination”可知他放弃了科举考试；根据

第三段后部分“thenemployedas“Yuanpan”.However,hewasnotinterestedinit,andleftafter

workingonlyforalittlemorethanoneyear.”可知他被聘为“院判”，但他只做了一年就放弃了；

根据最后——段第——句"Inhismedicalpractice,Lifoundmanymistakesinthebooksofmedicines.

Feelingitwasagreatproblem,hedecidedtowriteanewbookonmedicinesalloveragain.“可知

因为发现现存药书中的错误，他决定再次写一本关于药物的新书。根据最后一段“healso

learnedwidelyfrommedicalfarmers,fishermenandotherlaboringpeople.”可知为了写书，他向

劳动人民请教。因此，他先是打算科举，在老师家读书(c)；然后科举考试多次失败进而放

弃读书(a)；之后学医被聘为院判但是不久后放弃(d)；再后来因为发现医术错误决定自己

编写(e)；最后为了写书向劳动人民请教(b)。顺序为c・a・d・e・b。故选A。

[35题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“Through27years*hardefforts,hecompletedhisgreatwork,

CompendiumofMateriaMedica,athisageof60,atlast.”可知李时珍经过27年的艰苦努力，终

于在60岁的时候完成了他的伟大著作《本草纲目》。由此推知他勇敢而努力。故选C。

In1845,adeadlydiseasestruckIreland,killingalltheLumperpotatoplants.Inanotherplace

ortime,thedeathofsinglecropspecies（物种）mightnothavebeensoimportant.ButinIreland,in

1845,peopledependedalmostsolelyonthepotatoforfood.Thedeathofonespeciescauseda

terriblefamine（饥荒）.Now,somescientistsareworriedthatsuchafaminecouldhappenagain,but

onamuchwiderarea.

Overthecenturies,farmershavediscoveredthousandsofdifferentspeciesoffoodcrops.

However,youwon'tfindmanyofthesespeciesinyourlocalsupermarket.Tofeedthesevenbillion

peopleonEarth,mostfarmerstodayaregrowingonlyspeciesofplantsandfarmingonlyspeciesof

animalsthatareeasytoproduceinlargenumbers.

InthePhilippines,therewereoncethousandsofvarietiesofrice:nowfewerthan100are

grownthere.InChina,90%ofthewheatvarietiesgrownjustacenturyagohavedisappeared.

Scientistsbelievethatoverthepastcentury,morethanhalfoftheworld'sfoodvarieties

disappeared.

Onesolutiontothisproblemistocollectandstoretheseedsasmanydifferentplantvarietiesas

wecanbeforetheydisappear.TheideawasfirstsuggestedbyRussianscientistNikolayVavilov.In

the1920sand1930s,hecollectedaround400,000seedsfromfivecontinents.Morerecently,others

arecontinuingtheworkhebegan.

IntheUSstateofIowa,DianeOttWhealywantedtoprotecthistoricplantvarieties,likethe

seedshergreat-grandfatherbroughttotheUSfromGermanymorethanahundredyearsago.She

andherhusbandstartedaplacecalledHeritageFarm,wherepeoplecanstoreandtradeseeds.

Moreimportantly,thepeopleatHeritageFarmdon'tjuststoretheseeds,theyplantthem.By

doingthis,theyarereintroducingfoodsintothemarketplacethathaven'tbeengrownforyears.

Thesefoodspeciesarenotjustspecialintermsofappearanceortaste.Theyalsoofferfarmersfood

solutionsforthefuture,fromthepast.

36.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

A.Thefactthatmanyfoodspeciesaredyingout.

B.Theneedtoprotectpotatoesfromdisappearing.

C.Thewaystoincreasethenumberoffoodspecies.

D.Thewaystopreventfoodspeciesfromdisappearing.

37.Theunderlinedword''solely"inParagraph1isinclosestmeaningto.

A.usuallyB.onlyC.rarelyD.

occasionally

38.Whyaresomescientistsworriedthatsuchafaminecouldhappenagain?

A.Becausepeopledependoncertainspeciesoffoodcrops.

B.Becausethesamedeadlydiseasemayattackcropsagain.

C.Becausetheworld'spopulationislargerthanthatin1845.

D.Becausefarmersgrowthesamepotatoesasthoseinthepast.

39.NikolayVavilovwasthefirstpersonwho.

A.storedandplantedseedsB.realizedtheseriousproblem

C.suggestedcollectingplantseedsD.worriedafaminecouldhappenagain

40.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.ThediseasespreadveryquicklyandkilledthousandsofpeopleinIreland.

B.Around80percentofthericevarietiesinthePhilippineshavedisappeared.

C.HeritageFarmisthefirstplaceintheUSforpeopletostoreandtradeseeds.

D.Peoplehavebeenstoringseedstosaveplantvarietiesformorethan150years.

［答案】36.D37.B38.A39.C40.A

【解析】

本文介绍了如何防止食物种类的消失。文章介绍了一个物种的死亡可能会导致一场可怕的饥

荒（爱尔兰农场的块茎马铃薯植株的灭绝）。文章提到几个世纪以来，农民们发现了数千种

不同种类的粮食作物。但是在过去的一个世纪里，世界上一半以上的食物品种已经消失。解

决这个问题的一个办法是尽可能多地收集和储存种子，以免它们消失。基于此美国爱荷华州

的黛安・奥特・惠利（DianeOtt-Whealy）和丈夫创办了一个名为传统农场的地方，人们可以在

那里储存和交易种子。这样就会防止食物种类的消失了。

【36题详解】

主旨大意题o根据第三段“Scientistsbelievethatoverthepastcentury,wehaveallowedmorethan

halfoftheworld'sfoodvarietiestodisappear."以及第四段“Onesolutiontothisproblemisto

collectandstoretheseeds（种子）asmanydifferentplantvarietiesaswecanbeforetheydisappear.''

可知在过去的一个世纪里，世界上一半以上的食物品种消失。解决这个问题的一个办法是尽

可能多地收集和储存种子（种子），以免它们消失。可以推知这篇文章主要讲如何防止食物

种类的消失。故选D。

【37题详解】

词义推断题。根据第一段"ButinIreland,in1845,peopledependedalmostsolelyonthepotatofor

food.”可知但是在1845年的爱尔兰，人们几乎完全依靠马铃薯作为食物。此处强调单一性。

故选B。

【38题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“mostfarmerstodayaregrowingonlyspeciesofplantsandfarmingonly

speciesofanimalsthatareeasytoproduceinlargenumbers.”可知大多数农民只种植植物品种，

只养殖易于大量繁殖的动物品种。而科学家担心这样的饥荒会再次发生是因为人们依赖某些

种类的粮食作物。故选A。

【39题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Onesolutiontothisproblemistocollectandstoretheseedsas

manydifferentplantvarietiesaswecanbeforetheydisappear.Theideawasfirstsuggestedby

RussianscientistNikolayVavilov.”可知尽可能多地收集和存储种子这个想法最初是由俄罗斯

科学家尼古拉・瓦维洛夫提出的。故选C。

【40题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段“In1845,adeadlydiseasestruckthefarmsofIreland,killingallthe

Lumperpotatoplants.”可知1845年，一种致命的疾病袭击了爱尔兰的农场，杀死了所有的块

茎马铃薯植株。事实上，这是一个物种的死亡导致了一场可怕的饥荒，可能会给爱尔兰造成

数千人的死亡。所以A正确。故选A。

（D）

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