江苏省苏州市2023-2024学年高二上英语12月月考试题（附答案）

江苏省苏州市2023-2024学年高二上英语12月月考模拟试题一、阅读选择（本大题共5小题）Imaginestandingononespotwheretheonlydirectionissouth.Youcanexperienceitifyoujoinagroupofjust128passengersforyourtiptothepoleoftheworld.Youricebreakership,50YearsofVictory,willtakeyoutotheNorthPole,whichismorecommonlyassociated（联系）withfairytales.Days1&2--FromHelsinkitoMurmanskYouradventurebeginsfromHelsinki,Finland’scapital.FromHelsinki,you’lljoinyourfellowpassengersontheflighttoMurmansk,Russia,whereyou’llstartyourvoyagetotheNorthPoleandgettoknow50YearsofVictory.Days3-6--TravellingtowardsthenorthintheArcticOceanBeingonVictoryandfeelingtheicebreakerasitcutsthroughtheArcticpackiceisanexperienceyou’llneverforget.You’llhaveplentyoftimetogettoknowyourshipmates,andbetreatedtolecturesanddiscussionsaboutthetripbyOurexpedition（远征）teamwhileseeingvariousbirds.Thereareotherthingsyoucando,suchasswimmingandplayingbasketball.Day7--90°NorthTakephotos,callyourfamilyandwaveaflag;justbesuretoenjoyyourmomentatthepole.Ifenvironmentalconditionspermit,youcanjumpintotheicywatersaroundtheNorthPole.We’llalsoattempttosendpassengershighabovethepoleinourhot-airballoontocelebratethisgreatmoment(highlyweatherdẹpendent).Days8&9--TravellingtowardsthesouthintheArcticOceanAsyouheadfurthersouth,youmaygetluckyandspotpolarbearshuntingforseals.Days10&11--FranzJosefLandThisgroupof191islandsliesentirelywithintheArcticCircle.Hereyou’llexploreCapeFloraanddiscoverhistoricremainsfromthreeill-fatedarcticadventures.Days12&13--GettingoffVictoryinMurmanskandflyingtoHelsinkiWhenyoureturntoMurmansk,itwillbetimetosaygoodbyeto50YearsofVictory.You’llbesenttotheairportforyourflighttoHelsinki.1．WhatcanpassengersdofromDay3toDay6?A．BreakthepackiceintheArctic. B．Gettoknowmoreaboutthetrip.C．Feedavarietyofbirdsonboard. D．Competewithyourshipmatesinskiing.2．WhichofthefollowinghighlydependsontheweatherattheNorthPole?A．Takingahot-airballoonride. B．Sendingpassengersdeepintotheicywaters.C．Contactingyourfamilybytelephoning. D．Wavingflagsandtakingphotosinthewind.3．Whenisitpossibleforyoutodiscoverhistoricremains?A．FromDay3toDay6. B．FromDay8toDay9.C．On-Days10&11. D．OnDays12&13.Whilemanyofusmayhavebeenawaysomewherenicelastsummer,fewwouldsaythatwe’ve“summered.”“Summer”isclearlyanoun,moreprecisely,averbednoun.Waybackinourchildhood,wealllearnedthedifferencebetweenanounandaverb.Withsuchatidydefinition,itwaseasytospotthedifference.Notsoinadulthood,whereweareexpectedto“foot”bills,“chair”committees,and“dialogue”withpoliticalopponents.Chancesarethatyoudidn’tfeeluncomfortableaboutthesightofthoseverbednouns.“TheverbingofnounsisasoldastheEnglishlanguage,”saysPatriciaO’Conner,aformereditoratTheNewYorkTimesBookReview.Expertsestimatethat20percentofallEnglishverbswereoriginallynouns.Andthephenomenonseemstobesnowballing.Since1900,about40percentofallnewverbshavecomefromnouns.Eventhoughconversion(转化)isquiteuniversal,plentyofgrammariansobjecttothepractice.Somemostleadingexperts,WilliamStrunkJr.andE.B．White,inTheElementsofStyle—theBiblefortheuseofAmericanEnglish—havethistosay:“Manynounslatelyhavebeenpressedintoserviceasverbs.Notallarebad,butallarequestionable.”TheChicagoManualofStyletakesasimilarstandpoint,advisingwriterstouseverbswithgreatcare.“Sometimespeopleobjecttoanewverbbecausetheyresistwhatisunfamiliartothem,”saysO’Conner.That’swhywe’recomfortable“hosting”aparty,butwemightfeelupsetbythethoughtof“medaling”insports.Soarethereanyrulesforverbing?BenjaminDreyer,copychiefatRandomHouse,doesn’tofferarule,butsuggeststhatpeoplethinktwiceabout“verbifying”anounifit’seasilyreplaceablebyanalreadyexistingpopularverb.Makesureit’sdescriptivebutnotsilly-sounding,hesays.Intheend,however,styleissubjective.EasyconversionofnounstoverbshasbeenpartofEnglishgrammarforcenturies;itisoneoftheprocessesthatmakeEnglish“English”.Noteverycoinedwordpassesintogeneraluse,butasfortryingtoendverbingaltogether,forgetit.4．Whatcanwelearnabouttheverbingofnouns?A．Ithasn’trecentlybeenopposedbymanygrammarians.B．Itismorecommonlyacceptedbychildrenthanadults.C．Ithasn’tbeenararephenomenoninthepastcentury.D．Itcanbeeasilyreplacedbyexistingverbsinpractice.5．Whatismostleadingexperts’attitudetowardsthepracticeoftheverbingofnouns?A．Cautious B．Objective.C．Optimistic. D．Unconcerned.6．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofendingtheverbingofnouns?A．Predictable. B．Practicable.C．Approaching. D．Impossible.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Are40Percentofallnewverbsfromnouns?B．AreSummeringandMedalingAnnoying?C．AreYouComfortableaboutaNewVerb?D．AreThereAnyRulesforVerbing?Accordingtoanewstudy,teensfocusonrewardsandhaveahardtimelearningtoavoidpunishmentorconsidertheconsequencesofalternativeactions.UniversityCollegeLondonresearcherscomparedhowteensandadultslearntomakechoicesbasedontheavailableinformation.Theytrackedthewayinwhich18volunteersaged12-17and20volunteersaged18-32completedtasksinwhichtheyhadtochoosebetweenabstractsymbols.Eachsymbolwasconsistentlyassociatedwithafixedchanceofareward,punishment,ornooutcome.Asthetrialprogressed,participantslearnedwhichsymbolswerelikelytoleadtoeachoutcomeandadjustedtheirchoicesaccordingly.Teensandadultswereequallygoodatlearningtochoosesymbolsassociatedwithreward,butteenswerelessgoodatavoidingsymbolsassociatedwithpunishment.Adultsalsoperformedsignificantlybetterwhentheyweretoldwhatwouldhavehappenediftheyhadchosentheothersymbolaftereachchoice,whileteensdidnotappeartotakethisinformationintoaccount.“Fromthisexperimentallabstudywecandrawconclusionsaboutlearningduringtheteenyears.Wefindthatteensandadultslearnindifferentways,somethingthatmightberelevanttoeducation,”saidleadauthorDr.StefanoPalminteri.“Unlikeadults,teensarenotsogoodatlearningtoadjusttheirchoicestoavoidpunishment.Thissuggeststhatincentivesystemsbasedonrewardratherthanpunishmentmaybemoreeffectiveforthisagegroup.Additionally,wefoundthatteensdidnotlearnfrombeingshownwhatwouldhavehappenediftheymadealternativechoices.”Tointerprettheresults,theresearchersdevelopedcomputationalmodelsoflearningandransimulations(模拟)applyingthemtotheresultsofthestudy.Thefirstwasasimplemodel,onethatlearnedfromrewards,andthesecondmodeladdedtothisbyalsolearningfromtheoptionthatwasnotchosen.Thethirdmodelwasthemostcompleteandtookthefullcontextintoaccount,withequalweightgiventopunishmentavoidanceandrewardseeking.Forexample,obtainingnooutcomeratherthanlosingapointisweighedequallytogainingapointratherthanhavingnooutcome.Comparingtheexperimentaldatatothemodels,theteamfoundthatteens’behaviorfollowedthesimplereward-basedmodelwhileadults’behaviormatchedthecomplete,contextualmodel.“Ourstudysuggeststhatteensaremorereceptivetorewardsthantheyaretopunishmentsofequalvalue,”saidseniorauthorDr.Sarah-JayneBlakemore.“Asaresult,itmaybeusefulforparentsandteacherstoframethingsinmorepositiveterms.”8．Itcanbelearnedfromthestudythat.A．adultsmadechoicesfasterthanteensB．adultsunderstoodrewardsbetterthanteensC．teensreactedbettertorewardthanpunishmentD．teenswereawareoftheoutcomeofeachchoice9．Whatdoweknowaboutthethreecomputationalmodels?A．Theymainlyreflectedpeople’sdesireforpunishmentavoidance.B．Theytookdifferentsituationsintoconsideration.C．Theyallpaidequalattentiontorewardandpunishment.D．Theyequaledhavingnooutcometolosingapoint.10．Whatisthemostpossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword“receptive”inthelastparagraph?A．addicted B．opposedC．resistant D．responsive11．Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingstatementsworksbestforteens?A．“Ifyouinsistondoingthingsinthisway,youwilllosetenpoints.”B．“Ifwehadtalkedaboutthisearlier,youwouldn’thavemadethemistake.”C．“Ifyouhandinyourassignmentaheadoftime,youwillgetanextraaward.”D．“Ifyouwanttoapproachaproblemdifferently,youcantalktoyourparents.”AterriblethinghappenedtomewhileIwaswatchingTVrecently:IrealizedthatIhadaged.NowofcourseIknowthatIamaging,it’sjustthatIhadn’trealizedquitehowoldIwasuntilIsawaparticipantwhoIrecognizedonarealityTVshow.Well,Ididn’trecognizeherbutIrecognizedhername,I’dslightlyknownherinmy20swhenshe’dbeenthecelebritywhohadstolenmyroommates’boyfriends.However,here’sthethingthatshockedme—Ihadn’trecognizedherbecauseratherthanthebeautyIremembered,onmyTVwasamiddle-agedmumcooking.Andthenithitme:that’swhatIlookliketoo.It’saparticularlycruelchangeofnaturethatwecan’tseeourselvesasothersdo.Weseeourownfacesooftenthatthewrinklesthatstarttocutthroughitjustgounnoticed.Occasionallywemightgetarudeawakeningwhensuddenlyourbodiesstopworkingasexpectedbut,forthemostpart,we’relefttogetonwithgrowingoreminder...oofmanyreminders.Butwhenyougetareminder...oof!Sincethatshowaired,IhavesatinfrontofthemirroranalyzingmyfaceandwonderinghowIcametolooksolikemymotherwithoutnoticing.I’vealsorealizedthatmywaistnolongerfitsintobabyfatbutamiddle-agedspread.IalsofearthatIdon’tknowwhatmiddleagelookslikeformygeneration.Didmymotherstillfeel24wheninrealityshewas15yearsolder?AndwhydoInotfeellikeI’mwhereIshouldbeasIapproach40?IdefinitelyrememberwritingalistofthingsIwillhaveachievedbythetimeI’m40at19.WhereisthehouseintheSouthofFranceorthePorsche911shesodesperatelywanted?Sincethen,I’vestartedtoredefinemyself.Idon’twanttoputeverythingdowntoagebutIcan’tquitestopmyself.Tiredagain?Mustbemyage.ThankGodthenforsocialmedia.AllaroundmeIseeamazingwomenattheotherendoftheir40s.They’veacceptedtheirageandseemtoloveit,soI’mhopefulthatasImoveintothenextdecadethatwillbemetoo.AndmaybeI’llgetthePorschebeforeI’m50.12．WhatisimpliedinParagraph1?A．TheauthorhasbeenfriendswiththeTVcelebrity.B．TheTVcelebrityusedtobepopularamongboys.C．TheTVcelebritynowlivesalifeofextremeluxury.D．Theagingprocessdoesn’taffecttheTVcelebrity.13．Inmostcases,howdoweperceivetheagingprocess?A．Weclearlyknowwhathappens. B．Itisverylikelytoslipourmind.C．Wecanacceptitquitepeacefully. D．Italwaysbringsabouthopelessness.14．Theunderlinedword“that”inthelastparagraphrefersto.A．aladydenyingbeingold B．theambitiousselfaged19C．awomanacceptingherage D．thecelebrityontheTVshow15．Whatisthethemeofthisarticle?A．Itmattersnothowlongwelivebuthow.B．Wrinklesarejustevidenceofgreatwisdom.C．Ageisaveryhighpricetopayformaturity.D．Thebesttunesareplayedontheoldestviolins.Humanbodieswereactuallydesignedforwalking,awonderfulformofexerciseatnocost.It’skindtoourbodiesandgreatforourwaistlines.16Probablyyoualreadylovetowalk,butyou’regettingboredoftracingthesameoldroutedayafterday,ormaybeyou’renewtowalkingandaren’tsurehowtogetstarted.17Askyourself,whatdoyouwanttogetoutofwalkingasidefromthehealthbenefits?Doyouwanttomeetotherpeople?Seenewplaces?Getoutintothecountrysideorexploreanewcity?Knowingyourgoalswillhelpyoudecideonthetypeofwalkyouwanttodo.Callupyourfriendsandschedulewalkswiththemifsocializingisyouraim.18Manymallshavegroupsthatcomeeveryday,oreveryweekend,to“walkthemall”.Thesegroupsarealwayshappytoincludeonemorewalker!19Manylargecitieshaveincrediblegardensandparksthatincludequietwalkingtrailsgettingyouoffthebeatenpath.ThankstotheRailstoTrailsprogram,railwaysacrossthecountryarebeingtransformedintoscenicwalkingpathsthatareaperfectwaytoseekcalmness.Fromthebenefitstoyourhearttoyouroverallhappiness,walkingisjustplaingoodforyou.20

It’safantasticwaytogettoknowaplacebythepowerofyourowntwofeet.A．Thismonth,pickupamapandstartwalking.B．Askyourfriendswheretheyliketowalkandjustgothere.C．Youmayaswellconsiderheadingtoanewcityforachange.D．Eitherway,it’stimetoaccepttheideaofwalkingwithapurpose.E．Recently,sciencehasprovedthatwalkingisgoodforyourbodyshape.F．Andbestofall,it’sagreatwaytoseenewthingsandmeetnewpeople!G．Ifyou’reafterwalkingalone,askaboutlocalhikesthatgetyouawayfromthecrowd.二、完形填空（本大题共1小题）MyhusbandandIhadanargumentlastweek.Andwe21ourchildrentostayintheroomwhileitallwenton.Therewerenohandgestures22betweenmyhusbandandme23thechildrensharingthesamecewithus.Wejuststoodthere,hadourargument,withoutshoutingorsayinganythingregretfulandtheevening24.Wedidthatsothattheycouldseeusfinallycometoa(n)25.Weshowedthemwhata26disagreementlookslike.Weshowedthemwhatfindinga27lookslike.Friends,wearelivinginagenerationwherewewantto28ourchildrenfromeverything.Wedonotwantthemtofeelany29pain;wedonotwantthemtoexperienceanystruggle;weperfectamostperfectchildhoodfortheirmostperfectlittlehearts.Buthere’stheproblemwiththat:Ourchildren30needtobecomeadults.Somedaysoonyourchildrenaregoingtobegrownadults,perhapsenterintoahappymarriage.Butwhathavewetaughtourchildrenaboutmarriage?Havewegiventhema31viewpointofwhatonelookslike?Havewe32someaspectsofmarriage?Ifso,whathappenswhentheythemselvesexperiencethosehardemotions?Theyaregoingtofeelliketheyare33.Theyaregoingtothink:“Thisisnotwhatitlookedlikeformyparents.”Parents,letyourchildrenseethe34timeswhenmomanddadmaynothaveagreedonsomething.Fortheywillquicklylearnthatnomatterhowmanytimestheirfathercontinuestoputthewrongiteminthewrongrecyclingbin,35continues.21．A．forced B．allowed C．invited D．advised22．A．prevented B．predicted C．explained D．exchanged23．A．insteadof B．becauseof C．incaseof D．inspiteof24．A．continuedon B．passedout C．sprangup D．brokedown25．A．argument B．conclusion C．fight D．definition26．A．heated B．boring C．healthy D．frightening27．A．solution B．problem C．trouble D．partner28．A．free B．withdraw C．protect D．keep29．A．unconditional B．emotional C．extraordinary D．conventional30．A．intentionally B．badly C．fortunately D．eventually31．A．horrible B．confusing C．complicated D．realistic32．A．chosen B．invented C．hidden D．prepared33．A．failing B．advancing C．dreaming D．forgetting34．A．tough B．touching C．amusing D．amazing35．A．debate B．love C．friendship D．contradiction三、语法填空（本大题共1小题）阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Ifyoulookaroundyourcity,youmightspotpeoplewearinghanfuinsubways36onthestreets.AnewtrendistakingholdinChina-guochao,or“China-chic”.Accordingtoarecently37(publish)report,searchesrelatedtoguochaoonDianping,alifestyleinformationplatform,38(rise)by170percentuptillnowfromthesameperiodlastyear.China-chicishappening,butwhatisit?China-chiccameunderthespotlightin2018.DuringNewYorkFashionWeek,Li-NingintroduceditsTaoism-inspiredWuDaocollection.Thecollectionnotonlyhadatrendylook,butalsoincludedelementsof40(tradition)Chineseculture.Itinstantlygrabbedattentionathomeandabroad.Asaresult,thecompanyrecorded40percentrevenue(收入)growth,41(mark)thefirsttimethebrand’srevenuehadhitthe10-billion-yuantargetsince42(it)founding.Now,theguochaotrendismovingtothenextstep,43itssuccesswillrely,firstandforemost,44gainingculturalconfidence.Nomatterhowtheguochaotrendevolves,there’sonethingthatwon’tchange:Behindthepassionispeople’spositiveattitudetowardthecountry’sdevelopmentandtheir45(recognize)ofgrowingconfidenceinnationalculture.四、单词拼写（本大题共10小题）46．Therecanbeno(否认)thatthetechnologyhasahugeimpactonourdailylife.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)47．Wecanreduceourcarbonfootprintbycuttingbackonwater(消耗).(根据汉语提示单词拼写)48．Cloningwithoutrestrictionisadisaster,(威胁)theecologicalbalance.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)49．Onlybymakinganall-round(分析)aftereachexamcanwemakeprogress.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)50．Weneedmorenature-centeredtouristattractionswheremanandnaturecanlive(和谐).(根据汉语提示单词拼写)51．Everyoneofuscanhelprelievethesufferingsofspeoplebysavingfood.(根据首字母单词拼写)52．Binhisstudy,LiHuahadnoideawhatwasgoingonoutside.(根据首字母单词拼写)53．Withthethickfogdisappearingeventually,thesplendidsceneryubeforeoureyes.(根据首字母单词拼写)54．Asaqualifiedstudent,weshouldbeupdatedwiththeknowledgeofbothforeignanddaffairs.(根据首字母单词拼写)55．Theabilitytoadjustyourselftothenewsisessentialintoday’scompetitivesociety.(根据首字母单词拼写)五、书信写作（本大题共1小题）56．假定你是李华，你的外教Anderson要开设一堂有关人工智能的公开课，需要你围绕相关主题在课上做一个简短的presentation。内容主要包括：人工智能的发展概况；

具体介绍某一领域的应用；你对人工智能的看法。注意：词数80左右；可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。Boysandgirls,六、书面表达（本大题共1小题）57．ImettheManoftheTreesinsummertenyearsago,whenIwasvisitingUncleJita.Thoseweredifficulttimes.Peoplewerecuttingdownourforest,andtherewasoftenflooding.Sometimesourwatersupplywasdirty.Whenourpump(水泵)didhavecleanwater,wehadtowaitinlineforages.Whenthepumpwasn’tworking,wehadtowalkfivekilometrestothecloseststream.ButIwashappy.Iwasgoingtoseemyfavoriteuncle.Whenthedayfinallyarrived,DaddrovemetoUncleJita’shouseandleft.Oncehesawme,UncleJitaannounced,“Tomorrowwe’regoingtoexploreamagicalplace.Hereismycamera,Amy.Youcantakephotosofwhatyousee.”...followingday,wewokeupandleftearlyonaboat.Thetripwasexciting.Butwhenwegotoff,therewas...nothinginfrontofus.“Idon’twanttotakepicturesofthis,”Icomplained.Unclelaughed,“Startwalking,Amy.Ipromiseyou’llbesurprised.”Aftersometime,Icouldseetheoutlineofaforestinthedistance.Alittlecloser,therewasamanwavingtous.“That’sKabir.Theforestyouseeishis.Heplantedeverysingletree.”AswewalkedtowardsKabir,Uncleexplainedthatthirtyyearsago,thewholeareawasawasteland.ButonedayKabirdecidedtochangeallthatandstartedplantingtrees.Thankstohim,partofthewastelandisnowaparadise(天堂).UncleintroducedmetoKabir,whohadgrayhairandadeterminedface.“Jitatoldmeyoulikeanimals.Areyoureadytoseesome?”heasked.“Ofcourse!”Ireplied.Wecontinuedwalkingandsoonwereunderthetrees.Iturnedmyheadandwasamazedatthedifferencebetweenthetwoplaces.Allbecauseoftheeffortsofoneman.LikeUnclesaid,Kabir’sforestwasmagical.Wesawdeer,rhinos,andeventigers.Duringlunchtime,Kabirexplainedhow,byplantingtrees,itwaspossibletostopthelandfromeroding(侵蚀).注意：1、续写词数应为150左右；2、请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Hearingthis,Iturnedtomyuncle,“Ithinkwecanplanttreestoo”Intheyearsthatfollowed,peopleinourvillageworkedhardtocarryoutourplan.

答案【正确答案】1．B2．A3．C【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了北极之旅的相关信息。【详解】1．细节理解题。根据Days3-6--TravellingtowardsthenorthintheArcticOcean的“betreatedtolecturesanddiscussionsaboutthetripbyOurexpedition（远征）team”可知，探险队会举办一些关于此次旅行的讲座和讨论，即从第三天到第六天，乘客可以了解有关这次旅行的更多信息。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据Day7--90°North的“We’llalsoattempttosendpassengershighabovethepoleinourhot-airballoontocelebratethisgreatmoment(highlyweatherdependent).”可知，我们还将尝试让乘客乘坐热气球以庆祝这一美好时刻（此活动很大程度上依赖于天气），即在北极乘坐热气球很大程度上取决于天气状况。故选A项。3．细节理解题。根据Days10&11--FranzJosefLand的“Hereyou’llexploreCapeFloraanddiscoverhistoricremainsfromthreeill-fatedarcticadventures.”可知，在这里您将探索佛罗拉角（CapeFlora）并从三场不幸的北极探险中发现历史遗迹，即您在第十和第十一天的时候可以发现历史遗迹。故选C项。【正确答案】4．C5．A6．D7．B【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章对英语语言中“名词动用”这一语言现象展开讨论，以例子的形式介绍了一些基本的用法，主要分享了专家们对此的谨慎态度，部分人士的反对观点，以及作者认为这一现象不可遏制的想法。【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Expertsestimatethat20percentofallEnglishverbswereoriginallynouns.Andthephenomenonseemstobesnowballing.Since1900,about40percentofallnewverbshavecomefromnouns.(专家估计，20%的英语动词最初是名词。这种现象似乎正在滚雪球般蔓延。自1900年以来，大约40%的新动词来自名词)”可知，在过去的一个世纪里，名词被用作动词并不是罕见的现象。故选C项。5．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Somemostleadingexperts,WilliamStrunkJr.andE.B.White,inTheElementsofStyle—theBiblefortheuseofAmericanEnglish—havethistosay:“Manynounslatelyhavebeenpressedintoserviceasverbs.Notallarebad,butallarequestionable.”TheChicagoManualofStyletakesasimilarstandpoint,advisingwriterstouseverbswithgreatcare.(一些最著名的专家，WilliamStrunkJr.和E.B.White，在《英文写作指南》——美式英语使用的中这样说：“最近，许多名词被用作动词。不是所有的都是坏的，但所有的都值得怀疑。”《芝加哥手册》也持类似观点，建议写作者谨慎使用动词。)”可知，最著名的专家们是怀疑地审视名词被用作动词这一现象，建议写作者谨慎使用。由此可知，他们对此持谨慎的态度。故选A项。6．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“EasyconversionofnounstoverbshasbeenpartofEnglishgrammarforcenturies;itisoneoftheprocessesthatmakeEnglish“English”.Noteverycoinedwordpassesintogeneraluse,butasfortryingtoendverbingaltogether,forgetit.(几个世纪以来，名词到动词的轻松转化一直是英语语法的一部分；它是使英语成为“英语”的过程之一。并不是每一个新造的词都会被普遍使用，但至于试图完全停止使用动词，还是算了吧)”可推知，作者认为名词被用作动词这一现象是英语语言发展必不可少的一部分，结束这一用法是不可能的。故选D项。7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕英语语言中“名词动用”这一语言现象展开，首先以例子的形式介绍了一些基本的用法，然后主要分享了专家们对此的谨慎态度，部分人士的反对观点，以及作者认为这一现象不可遏制的想法。因此，B选项“Summering和Medaling很讨厌吗？”贴合文意，用文章中名词动用的两个典型用语Summering和Medaling来进行概括，适合作为标题。故选B项。【正确答案】8．C9．B10．D11．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。新的研究发现，青少年关注奖励，很难学会避免惩罚或考虑替代行为的后果。文章对此进行了介绍。【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Accordingtoanewstudy,teensfocusonrewardsandhaveahardtimelearningtoavoidpunishmentorconsidertheconsequencesofalternativeactions.(根据一项新的研究，青少年关注奖励，很难学会避免惩罚或考虑替代行为的后果。)”可知，从研究中可知青少年对奖励的反应比惩罚好。故选C。9．推理判断题。根据第五段第二句和第三句“Thefirstwasasimplemodel,onethatlearnedfromrewards,andthesecondmodeladdedtothisbyalsolearningfromtheoptionthatwasnotchosen.Thethirdmodelwasthemostcompleteandtookthefullcontextintoaccount,withequalweightgiventopunishmentavoidanceandrewardseeking.(第一个是一个简单的模型，它从奖励中学习，第二个模型通过从没有选择的选项中学习来增加这个模型。第三个模型是最完整的，考虑了整个情境，对惩罚逃避和奖励寻求给予了同等的重视。)”可知，这三种计算模型考虑了不同的情况。故选B。10．词句猜测题。根据最后一段第二句中的“torewardsthantheyaretopunishmentsofequalvalue(与同等价值的惩罚相比，他们更……奖励)”可知，此处是指更接受奖励。所以receptive意为“乐于接受的”。故选D。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Comparingtheexperimentaldatatothemodels,theteamfoundthatteens’behaviorfollowedthesimplereward-basedmodelwhileadults’behaviormatchedthecomplete,contextualmodel.(将实验数据与模型进行比较，研究小组发现青少年的行为遵循简单的基于奖励的模型，而成年人的行为则符合完整的情境模型。)”可知，“如果你提前交作业，你会得到额外的奖励。”这种表述对青少年最有用。故选C。【正确答案】12．B13．B14．C15．A【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者有一天照镜子突然发现自己老了，从那以后就非常担心这件事。作者想到了自己的曾经写过的一个40岁之前想要写什么的清单，就改变了自己对变老这件事情的看法，对自己的生命从新做了定义，生命不在于长短，而在于我们怎样生活。【详解】12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句话“Well,Ididn’trecognizeherbutIrecognizedhername,I’dslightlyknownherinmy20swhenshe’dbeenthecelebritywhohadstolenmyroommates’boyfriends.”（嗯，我没认出她，但我认出了她的名字，在我20多岁的时候，她是偷我室友男朋友的名人，我对她略知一二。）可知，她抢走了我室友的男朋友，可推断出她在男孩们中间很受欢迎。故选B。13．推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一、二句话“It’saparticularlycruelchangeofnaturethatwecan’tseeourselvesasothersdo.Weseeourownfacesooftenthatthewrinklesthatstarttocutthroughitjustgounnoticed.”（这是一种特别残酷的自然变化，我们不能像别人那样看待自己。我们经常看到自己的脸，以至于开始划破脸的皱纹就被忽略了。）可推断，我们因为经常看到自己的脸而忽略自己正在变老的事实。故选B。14．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前面半句话“They’veacceptedtheirageandseemtoloveit”（他们接受了自己的年龄，似乎很喜欢这个年龄）可知，我希望在我进入下一个十年的时候，我也接受自己的年龄而且喜欢这个年龄。故选C。15．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述作者有一天照镜子突然发现自己老了，从那以后就非常担心这件事。作者想到了自己的曾经写过的一个40岁之前想要写什么的清单，就改变了自己对变老这件事情的看法，对自己的生命从新做了定义，生命不在于长短，而在于我们怎样生活。故选A。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。【正确答案】16．F17．D18．B19．G20．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了散步对人的一些好处以及如何选择散步路线的建议。【详解】16．根据前文“It’skindtoourbodiesandgreatforourwaistlines.(这对我们的身体很好，对我们的腰围也很好)”可知，此处是讲散步的好处，所以选项F“最重要的是，这是看到新事物和认识新朋友的好方法！”切合文意。故选F。17．根据前文“Probablyyoualreadylovetowalk,butyou’regettingboredoftracingthesameoldroutedayafterday,ormaybeyou’renewtowalkingandaren’tsurehowtogetstarted.(也许你已经喜欢散步了，但是你已经厌倦了日复一日走同样的路线，或者也许你是步行新手，不知道如何开始)”可知，此处是讲你可能已经厌倦了日复一日同样的路线，或者不知道如何开始，是时候尝试新的做法了。再根据后文“Knowingyourgoalswillhelpyoudecideonthetypeofwalkyouwanttodo.(知道你的目标将帮助你决定你想要走的类型)”可知，此处提到了要有自己的目标。所以选项D“不管怎样，是时候接受带着目标散步的想法了。”能够承上启下，切合文意。故选D。18．根据前文“Callupyourfriendsandschedulewalkswiththemifsocializingisyouraim.(如果社交是你的目标，打