中国石油大学（华东）物理化学12套练习题（含答案）

201/

1.

a.TTC,PPCb.Tr1,Pr1

**

c.Tr1,PPT(PTT)d.Tr1,Pr1

2.-

a.Gb.Uc.Fd.S

3.

a.G0b.U0c.H0d.S0

1

4.Ag(s)O(g)AgO(s)

222

a.2b.3c.4d.5

1

5.Ag(s)O(g)AgO(s)

222

a.S0b.QPKP

c.BB0d.rGm0

6.

-1-1

a.0.01mol.kgLaCl3b.0.01mol.kgCaCl2

c.0.01mol.kg-1KCld.0.001mol.kg-1KCl

7.

a.G0b.H0c.S0d.U0

3-3

8.AgNO30.50dm0.02mol.dmKCl

AgCl

a.b.c.d.

**

PA2PB

xA0.50

yA

a.1b.0.33c.0.67d.0.50

**

ABPAPB

a.yAxAb.yBxB

c.yAxAd.yBxB

.

a.b.c.d.

1

.A22ArHm(300K)400.5kJ.mol

1

rHm(400K)305.5kJ.mol

a.2CP,m(A)CP,m(A2)b.2CP,m(A)CP,m(A2)

c.2CP,m(A)CP,m(A2)d.CP,m(A)CP,m(A2)

.

a.b.0c.0d.1

.

a.b.

c.d.

15.

a.b.c.d.

16.KCl

a.KClb.

c.K+Cld.KCl

17.

a.b.c.d.

18.

a.KPb.Kcc.Kyd.Kf

19.1molA298K1.6,00,

g01N0

a.0b.6.021023c.3.81023d.9.61023

20.CON2

CON2

a.Sm(CO)Sm(N2)b.Sm(CO)Sm(N2)

c.Sm(CO)Sm(N2)d.

204/

1.

2.H2(P)2AgCl(s)2Ag(s)2HCl(m)

3

4(Langmuir)

**

5ABPAPB

TxyA

60

1.(P)VnRT

U

VT

dm3molUH

mol373K101325Pa

1

vapHm40.6kJ.mol

dc

3A2BPAkcc25C

dtAB

k2104dm3.mol1.s1AB5dm3

25CAB10.133kPa2.072kPa

ABcAcB25C0.5molA

t=?

CC

C3.167kPa

1

Kf1.86K.mol.kg

5298KZn2Cd20.1mol.kg-1

1H2

0.6VCd0.8V

2

1

Zn2/Zn0.7630V,Cd2/Cd0.4028V,

1.c;2.b;3.d;4.c;5.c;

6.a7.c;8.c;9.c;10.a;

11.a;12.b;13.d;14.b;15.d;

16.c;17.a;18.d;19.c;20.a.

1.

2.Pt,H2(p)|HCl(b)|AgCl(s)Ag(s)

H2(p)2AgCl(s)2Ag(s)2HCl(b)

RT2RTb2RT

EElna2Elnln

2FHClFbF

2RTb2RT2RT

ElnElnE2.303Ab

FbFF

2RTb

yElnyEcb

Fb

b,E,yy~~bb0E

y

E

Nb

rGmZEFRTlnKaK

3.

4.Langmuir12

34

ap

1ap

ap

5.

TP

*

TB

*

TAe

z

ABB

AzzB

1mol.R.gT.V...U.H1mol.R.g

1.(P)VnRT

1dm32dm3

dUTdSPdV

USP

TPTP(1)

VTVTTV

(P)VnRT

PnR

(2)

TVV

U

(2)(1),

VT

V2

UdV(V2V1)

V1

HU(PV)(P2V2P1V1)

nRTV2nRTV10

1mol.HO(l)...P0....1mol.HO(g)

2.22

373K,101325Pa373K,101325Pa

nH140.6103

SvapmJ.K1108.8J.K1

T373

GHTS0

FUTSH(PV)TS

P2V2nRT18.314373J3101J0

QQUH(PV)

S

TTTT

HnRT40.610318.314373

J.K1

T373

100.5J.K1

1

SisoSS8.3J.K0

dC

3.AkCC

dtAB

P10133

(1)CAmol.m34.09103mol.dm3

A0RT8.314298

P2072

CBmol.m30.836103mol.dm3

A0RT8.314298

AB

AB

33

CACA04.0910mol.dm

33

CBCB00.83610mol.dm

dC

(2)AkCC21044.091030.836103mol.dm3.S1

dtAB

6.841010mol.dm3.S1

0.5mol

AC0.1.mol.dm3

A5dm3

0.1

tsec1.46108sec

6.841010

4.TfTfTf4K

1

kfbB1.86.K.mol.Kg.bB

1

bB2.15mol.Kg

1000/18

x0.963

H2O1000/182.15

PPPx3.1670.963kPa3.05kPa

H2OH2OH2O

RT

5.(1)

Zn2Zn2lnaZn2

ZnZn2F

8.314298

0.7630ln0.1V

296500

0.7926V

RT

cd2cd2lnacd2

cdcd2F

8.314298

0.4028ln0.1V

296500

0.4324V

RT

lna

HHH2

1/2H2,PtF

8.314298

ln1070.6V

96500

1.014V

Cd22eCd

(2)

'

Zn2cd2

Zncd

8.314298'

0.79260.4028lna2

296500Cd

'14

aCd26.5010

RT

lna

HH2

HF

1/2H2,Cd

8.314298

ln1070.8V

96500

1.214VZn20.7926V

Zn

Zn

116

1[]

AB

CD

2[]

AW=0B|Q|=|W|CQ=0DU=0

3[]

ABCvBBD

4[]

AB

CD

5N2[]

ATBPCDN2N

6________________________________

7i[]

AB

CiDi

8[]

ABCD

9[]

AB

CD

10(H2O,l=______________.

11[]

AB

CD

12[]

ABCD

13[]

AB

CD

14[]

AB

CD

15[]

AB

CD

16Fe(OH)3[]

ACuSO4BKClCNa3PO4DLa(NO3)3

70

11mol100101.325kPa101.325/2kPa100

HUGSWQ

40.64kJmol-112

33

21mol255dm6dm5P.mV.m

12

39013654kPa902.6mol2.2mol

92kPa

10

4+298K

kPa

312

vBCP.m(B)rCP.m7010TJmolK,

1

rm(298K)100kJ,rm(J.mol)f(T)

lnK

f(T)

TP

1

fGm240kJ.mol

1

HgO(s)Hg(l)O(g)

22O2

dP

A2BDAkP0..5P1..5

dtAB

*

dPVm(l)

dPVm(g)

i/kT

gie

NiNRTlnx

i/kTH2O

gie

101325Pa

P

1molH2O(l)21molH2O(g)

1000C.101325PaH.S1000C.101325/2Pa

H1S1H2S2

o

1molH2O(g).100C.101325Pa

HH1H2H140.64KJ

UH(PV)HPVHRT

(40.64-8.314373.15103)kJ37.53kJ

H40.64103

SSS1Rln2(8.314ln2)J.K1114.7J.K1

12T373.15

GHTS(40.64373.15114.7103)kJ2.15kJ

P8.314373.15

WPVJ1551J

2P

QUW(375301551)J39.08kJ

11V1T1

T1V1T2V2(1)lnln

V2T2

5298.15

(1)lnln1.38

6278.15

CCR

P.mV.m1.38

CV.mCV.m

11

CV.m21.88J.mol.K

11

CP.m30.19J.mol.K

UnCV.mT21.88(20)J437.6J

HnCP.mT30.19(20)J603.8J

WU437.6J

S0

2.62.2

3PP*xP*x(13654)kPa98.3kPa

2.62.22.62.2

P'92kPa

92136.4x54(1x)x0.46

1360.46

P'.yP*xy0.68

92

xzy

nLnG2.22.6

nn

nL(xz)nG(zy)LG

2.6

z

2.22.6

nL3.05molnG1.75mol

ABC2

41K

1n1

231

PB12010

K0.31Kn()5

PnB110(1)

0.45

T

2rHm(T)rHm(298K)BCP.m(B)dT

298

T

3

rHm(298K)7010TdT

298

70103

100103(T22982)

2

(9689235103T2)J.mol1

32

lnKrHm968923510T311654

(3)224.21102

TPRTRTT

1l1

51k36.7....sm10.01653..sm1

RA2220

k0.01653

...sm2mol10.001653..sm2mol1

mc0.01103

(2)m

m

0.001653

m..sm2mol10.083..sm2mol1

m0.02

61Pt|H2(P)|NaOH(a1)|HgO(s)|Hg(l)

H2(P)2e2OH2H2O(l)

HgO(s)2eH2O(l)Hg(l)2OH

H2(P)HgO(s)Hg(l)H2O(l)

11

3rGmZEF20.9396500J.mol179.49kJ.mol

rGmBfGm(B,298K)

fGm(H2O,l.298K)fGm(HgO,s,298K)

11

fGm(HgO,s,298K)[240(179.49)]kJ.mol60.51kJ.mol

1

HgO(s)......Hg(l)O(g)

22

1

rGmfGm(HgO,s,298K)60.51kJ.molRTlnKP

P

60.511038.314298ln(O2)1/2

P

P6.111020kPa

O2

7A2BD

dP

1AkP0..5P1..5kP0..5(2P)1..5k'P2

dtABAAA

111111

k'()()1.8103kPa1.sec1

tPAPA02025250

111

''3

'kt1.81040

PAPA0250

'

PA13.16kPa

'

k2Ea11

2ln/'()

k1RT1T2

k'4000011

ln2()

1.81038.314300400

'211

k29.9210kPa.S

11

9.9210220

PA250

PA0.50kPa

PDPA0PA249.5kPa

SPSV

VTTVPTTP

PVSS

TVTPVTPT

2

Langmuir

BET

3

C

AB

A(l)G0A(g)

41

PP*

dG1dG2

A(l)G0A(g)

PdPP*dP*

dG1dG2

*

Vm(l)dPVm(g)dP

dP*V(l)

....m

dPVm(g)

*

2Vm(g)dPVm(l)dP

PPP

rRT*

dPVm(l)dP

PP*P

P*M2

RTlnrV(l)P

P*mr

P*2M

RTlnr

P*r

1PV

AQBG

CSDH[]

2

TU

A0B0

PHVT

H(PV)

C0D0[]

TPPT

3

AKpBKx

CKfDKC[]

4AB

AS0BG0

CH0DF0[]

525CH2(g)Cl2(g)2HCl(g)

ArHmrUmBrHmrUm

CrHmrUmDrHmfHm(HCl)[]

6

ArS0BrS0

CrS0D[]

7FC

AF=0BC=0

CF>0DC<0[]

8ABA,B

AB

CD[]

9

AB

CD[]

10

AB

CD[]

11AB

AABBAB

CABDAB[]

12

AGBP

CVDH[]

132

A2B3

C2/3D1/3[]

14

AB

CD[]

15SklnklntB

AtBBoltzmanB

C=tBDlntBln[]

16

AB

CD[]

17