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语法Grammar定语从句TheAttributiveClauses贾雅雅1.Heisan
honestboy.2.Weloveourcountry.3.What’syourtelephonenumber?4.MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.5.TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.Attributeandattributiveclause定语定语定语定语定语从句
Thepositionsoftheattribute:
1.Thisisaflowerbasket.2.Thisisabasketfullofflowers.3.ThisisabasketthatIwanttoputflowersin.(定语从句)
(单个的词作定语时要放在被修饰词的词前面;短语或从句作定语时要放在被修饰词的后面。)WhichbabyisJack?穿红裤子的baby是Jack。ThebabyisJack.ThebabyisJack.whoiswearingredtrouserswhosetrousersareredTheappleismine.Theapple
ismine.Theapple
isyours.Theapple
issmall.Theapple
isbig.?whichisredwhichisgreenwhichisredwhichisgreenthehandsomethetallthestrongthecleverthenaughtyboyTheboyisTom.TheboyisTom.TheboyisTom.Theboy
isTomTheboyisTomTheboy
isTom.whoishandsomewhoistallwhoisstrongwhoiscleverwhoisnaughtyAttributiveClause(定语从句)1.概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词作定语的从句叫做定语从句。HeisanEnglishteacher
wholikessingingsongs.定语从句先行词
关系词关系词关系代词:who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑whose关系副词:where﹑when﹑why关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系代词that人/物主、宾、表which物主、宾、表、定(偶)who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定as人/物/事情主、宾、表关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语2.定语从句的辨认与使用(思考步骤):(1)找出先行词。(2)依据先行词指人,指物以及在从句中所作的成分来确定关系词。(3)确定定语从句的结构:两段式/三段式Thisisthebookthat/whichIboughtyesterday.Thebookthat/whichIboughtyesterdayisworthreading.三段式两段式3.关系代词:
(1)who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.(2)whom指人,只能作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.Whichhouseismine?房顶是棕色的房子是我的。Thehouseismine.whoseroofisbrownMyhouse(3)whose:即可指人,又可指物。在从句中只能作定语。Iknowthedoctor.Hisdaughterstudiesabroad.Iknowthedoctor
whosedaughterstudiesabroad.Haveyouseenmybook?Thebook’scoverisred.Haveyouseenmybook
whosecoverisred.又如:Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.Pleaseshowmethebagwhosecoverisred.
whose指物时,可用the….ofwhich或ofwhichthe…来代替。例如:Pleaseshowmethebagwhosecoverisred.=Pleaseshowmethebagthecoverofwhichisred.=Pleaseshowmethebagofwhichthecoverisred.1.Thestudent______fatherworksinthefactoryissittingthere.2.Iliketherooms______windowsfacesouth.3.Thisisthedesk______legswerebroken.whosewhosewhose练习:(4)that指人/物,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that/who/whom)Itoldyouabout.that指人时可代替who,作宾语时可代替whom,也可省略。例如:Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.
注意:介词提前时只能用which而不能用that。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?Isthisthelibrary(that/which)youborrowbooksfrom?
在限定性定语从句中,that和which都指物时,可通用。Thepicturethat/whichwasdrawnbyTomwasnice.(5)which只能指物,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省略)
Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder(which)
heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?
TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.
TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.
Theboy
whohasaroundfaceisTom.
TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.ThemanwhositsinfrontofmeisTom.用关系代词把下列句子连接成定语从句:主语
Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(who/whom/that)everyonelikesiskind.(宾语)
Thewomangotthejob.
Wesawheronthestreet.Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreet
gotthejob.
Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.
Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.
Theboyisinthelab.
Youwanttotalktohim.Theboy(whom)youwanttotalkto
isinthelab.Theboytowhomyouwanttotalk
isinthelab.
Thisistheboy.Isitbehindhim.Thisistheboy(whom)Isitbehind.ThisistheboybehindwhomIsit.{Thewomanwho/thatlivesnextdoorisateacher.1Thewomanisateacher.2Thewomanlivesnextdoor.TheboysarefromGradeone.
Theboysareplayingbasketball.TheboysarefromGradeOne.who/thatareplayingbasketballTheboyswho/thatarefromGradeoneareplayingbasketball.2.Thenurseiskind.
Thenurselooksaftermysister.Thenurseiskind.who/thatlooksaftermysister3.Wewatchedtheplay“Teahouse”.TheplaywaswrittenbyLaoShe.Wewatchedtheplay“teahouse”which/thatwaswrittenbyLaoShe.4.Theyoungmanisafamouswriter.
Yousawtheyoungmanyesterday.Theyoungmanisafamouswriter.
whom/who/thatyousawyesterday5.Thisisthehouse.LuXunoncelivedinthehouse.Thisisthehouse
which/thatLuXunoncelivedin.6.Whereisthegirl?YoutalkedwithherlastSunday.Whereisthegirl
who/whom/thatyoutalkedwithlastSunday?
that和which在指物的情况下一般可以互换使用,但在下列情况下,
只用that而不用which。Iamsureshehassomething
(that)
youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame修饰时。只能用关系代词that的情况:(5)先行词是who或who引导的主句。
Who
thatbrokethewindowwillbepunished.Whoisthegirl
thatdrovethecar?
(6)主句以Therebe引导时。
Thereare200peoplethatdidn’tknowthething.(7)当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時,关系代词用that.Sheisn’tthegirlthatshewas10yearsago.(8)主句是以which开头的疑问句时,关系代词用that。
Whichisthebookthatyouboughtlastweek?
(9)当并列的两个先行词分别表示人或物时,用关系代词that。Weweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandtheschoolsthatwehadvisited
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