医学英语2(词汇)

1.词缀法(1)词根

aem-arterio-bio-cardio-cyt-denti-gastro-hepato-myelo-myo-nephro-neural-ocul-nutri-peps-ossteo- patho-pneumono-tom-,atomtox-

ur-vaso-TheRegularityofNomenclatureOfMed.andBiol.Terms

医学及生物学词汇构词法

(2)前缀

A．基本前缀anti-antibodyun-unhealthyim-implantationex-excrete血动脉生命心脏细胞肾脏神经眼营养消化骨疾病肺切、割牙齿胃肝脏脊髓肌肉毒尿血管B.术语前缀a-afebrilean-anemiades-desinfection

dia-dialysisdys-dysuriainter-intercellularhyper-hyperacidityhypo-hypoglycemiamacro-macrophagemicro-microphagemulti-multicellular

oligo-oliguria

para-parahepatitis

trans-transposition

C．基本后缀

-tion

n.transplantation-ment

n.movement-ify

v.modify-ize

v.organize-ablea.viable-ary

a.capillary-ly

ad.therapeutically-wardad.forward

无不发热无贫血无消毒通过透析困难排尿困难在..之间细胞间的过多胃酸过多缺少低血糖巨大巨噬细胞微小小噬细胞多多细胞的少尿少症周围肝周围组织炎经、穿移位D.术语后缀

-accardiac-cidebactericide-cyte

leucocyte-formcylindriform

-itis appendicitis-algia

arthralgia

-emialeukemia-otomy

gastrotomy-ectomy

hepatectomy-ia-achestomachache-cele

myelocele

2.合成法Pneumono-mycos

salpmgo-oophor-itis

nyctalbumin-uriastaphylococc-emia

thromboblastosis

hepatocholangioduodenostomy

3.缩略法AB=asthmaticAb=antibodyab=abortionRC=redcellAID=acuteinfectiousdiseasepert=pertussis为..所有的心脏的杀死杀菌剂细胞白细胞样筒状的切除术肝切除术病症

痛胃痛突出脊髓突出炎症阑尾炎痛关节痛血症白血病切开术胃切开术肺霉菌病

输卵管卵巢炎症夜的白蛋白尿葡萄球菌血症血小板爆炸/猛涨/增多肝胆管十二指肠切除术1.词缀法A.词根carbo-mercuri-hydro-mangano-oxy- sodio-nitro-potassio-phopho-sulf-ammo-silico-chloro-cupro-fluoro-ferri-bromo-ferro-iodo-argent-TheRegularityofNomenclatureofInorganicCompounds

无机物的命名规则B.后缀

-ic

-ouscupricoxidecupriousoxideferricoxideferrousoxidenitricacidnitrousacid碳汞氢锰氧钠硝基钾磷硫氨硅氯亚铜氟铁溴亚铁碘银高价金属和正酸词尾低价金属和亚酸词尾氧化铜氧化亚铜氧化铁氧化亚铁硝酸亚硝酸

C前缀

per-

per--icacidper--ate

-ate-ite-ide正酸盐词尾亚酸盐词尾无氧酸盐词尾氯酸盐亚氯酸盐氯化物硝酸亚硝酸氮化物硫酸盐亚硫酸盐硫化物nitratenitritenitridesulfatesulfitesulfidechloratechloritechloride

percarbonicacidpercarbonate

peroxynitricacidperoxynitrate

permanganicacidpermanganatehypo-

hypo--icacidhypo--ousacidhypo--atehypo--ite

hypophosphoricacidhypophosphate过、高过/高…酸过/高…酸盐过碳酸过碳酸盐过硝酸过硝酸盐高锰酸高锰酸盐次、亚次(正)…酸次(亚)…酸次(正)…酸盐次(亚)…酸盐连二磷酸连二磷酸盐次碘酸次碘酸盐hypoiodousacidhypoioditepyro-pyro--icacidpyro--ousacid

pyro--atepyro--itemeta-meta--icacidmeta--ousacidmeta--atemeta--ite焦焦(正)…酸焦(亚)…酸焦(正)…酸盐焦(亚)…酸盐

pyrophosphoric

acid

pyrophosphorousacid

pyrophosphate

pyrophosphite焦磷酸焦磷酸盐焦亚磷酸焦亚磷酸盐metaphosphoric

acid

metaphosphorous

acidmetaphosphate

metaphosphite偏偏(正)…酸偏(亚)…酸偏(正)…酸盐偏(亚)…酸盐偏磷酸偏磷酸盐偏亚磷酸偏亚磷酸盐mono-bi-/di-tri-tetra-penta-monooxide

bioxide

trisulfide

tetrasulfide

pentasulfidesexa-septa-octa-none-deca-

2.合成法

hydrochloricacidhydrochloridehydrocarbon

氢的氯正酸词尾氢的氯无氧酸盐词尾氢的碳

3.缩略法O=oxygenB=boronC=carbonS=sulfurb.Br.=bromineSi=siliconNa=natriumAl=aluminumc.Ag=argentumHg=hydrargyrum

d.Fe2O3=ferricoxideKI=potassiumiodode

盐酸氢氯化物碳氢化合物

氧硼

碳

硫溴硅钠铝银汞氧化铁钾TheRegularityofNomenclatureOfOrganicCompounds

有机物的命名规则

⒈词缀法

（1）词根

-meth--eth--prop--but--pent-hex--hept--oct--non--dec-甲乙丙丁戊巳庚辛壬癸十一十二十三十四十五十六十七十八十九二十-undec--dodec--tridec--tetradec--pentadec--hexadec--heptadec--octadec--nonadec--eicos-（2）后缀

A．表示烃的后缀基烷烃化合物名称(ground)(alkane)后缀-yl-ane

e.g.ethylethane

pentylpentane

octyloctane

乙荃,乙烷基戊(烷)基辛基乙烷戊烷辛烷B.表示醇、醛、酮、胺的后缀化合物名称醇醛

(alcohol)(aldehyde)后缀-anol-anal

e.g.propanol

propanal

butanol

butanal

烯烃炔烃化合物名称

(alkene)(alkyne)后缀

-ene

yne/-inee.g.ethene

ethyne

pentene

pentyne

octene

octyne化合物名酮胺

(ketone)(amine)后缀

-anone-aminee.g.propanone

propylaminebutanone

butylamine乙烯戊烯辛烯乙炔戊炔辛炔丙醇丁醇丙醛丁醛丙酮丁酮丙胺丁胺（3）表示化学结构的前缀n-:normaliso-:isomerictrans-:transoidpri-:primarysec-:secondtert-:tertiaryo-:orthom-:metap-:parav-:vicinalunsym-:unsymmetricalsym-:symmetricalS-:simisterR-:rectus

D-:dextrorotatoryL-:laevorotatoryC.有机酸后缀

-anoice.g.methanoicacidethanoicacidbutanoicacidD.糖类的命名后缀

-osee.g.methose

biose

triose

tetroseE.酶的确后半缀

-asee.g.diataselipaseF.生物碱后缀

-inee.g.atropine

hyoscyamine甲酸乙酸丁酸甲糖乙糖丙糖四糖/丁糖淀粉糖化酶脂肪酶阿托品莨菪碱正异反伯仲叔邻间对连偏均S型R型右旋的左旋的3.缩略法

DPM:diphenylmethane

HAB:p-hydroxyazobenzene

end2.合成法A：词根benzenecyanophenylacylaminoazoaminediazoammoniumazidephenolquinoetherhydrazineketon

hydrazone

stero

oximee.g.methylaminep-dichlorobenzenemethylisobutylketone苯氰苯基酰基氨基偶氮胺重氮铵叠氮酚醌乙醚肼酮腙甾肟甲胺二对氯苯甲基异丁酮二苯甲烷对羟基偶氮苯酒精碱氨酸乙酸乙酰酸氢氟酸氟化氢b.alc:alcoholalk:alkaliammon:ammoniacalc.ac:acid/aceticacid/acetylHF:hydrofluoricacid/hydrogenfluorideⅠ.a-一个

aneurism动脉瘤（一个扩大的动脉状态）

a+neur+ism

∣

∣

∣

一个扩大状态Ⅱ.an-无

anoxemia

缺氧血症构词实例

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血管扩张血管皮炎an+ox+emia

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无氧血症Ⅲ.angei-，angi-，angio-血管1.Angeitis

脉管炎，angiochondroma

血管软骨瘤angei+itis

angio+chondr+oma

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∣︱

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︱

血管炎血管软骨瘤2.Angiectasis

血管扩张，angiodermatitis

皮血管炎angi+ectasis

angio+dermat+itis

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︱

脉管炎血管脂肪瘤

︱

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︱

血管心病3.angitis

脉管炎angiolipoma

血管脂肪瘤ang+itis

angio+lip+oma4.angioblast

成血管细胞angioneuromyoma

血管神经肌瘤angio+blastangio+neuro+my+oma

∣

∣

︱

︱

︱︱

血管成…细胞血管神经肌瘤5.angiocardiography

心血管造影术angioparalysis

血管麻痹病

angi+cardio+graphy

angio+paraly+sis

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