程序设计课后习题答案

第一章一、选择题1.B2.D二、填空题1.若干函数主函数（或main（））函数2./**/3.声明语句执行语句4.结构化三、简答题1．#include<stdio.h>intmain(){printf(“*****************************\n”);printf(“*HelloChina*\n”);printf(“*****************************\n”);return0;}

第二章一、简答题1.（1）从表示形式上看，字符常量是由单引号括起来的，字符串常量是由双引号括起来的。（2）从字符的个数上看，字符常量只能是单个字符，字符串常量可以包含0个或多个字符。（3）有字符变量，但没有字符串变量。（4）字符常量在内存中占１个字节，字符串常量在内存中的字节数是字符个数加１。因为Ｃ语言规定，每一个字符串的末尾加一个字符串结束标志\0。2.在C语⾔中逻辑常量只有两个，即0和1，⽤来表⽰两个对⽴的逻辑状态，其中0表⽰假，1表⽰真。3.“=”是赋值运算符，用于将一个值赋给一个变量“==”是关系运算符，用于比较两个值是否相等。4.标识符只能以字母或者下划线开头;标识符只能由字母、数字、下划线三种字符组成;系统已经定义的一些标识符和关键字是系统专用的,不允许用户作为用户定义对象的标识符来使用;C语言将大小写字母作为不同的字符处理;用户定义标识符一般应做到见名知义,以提高程序的可读性.二、填空题a>=10||a<=00100double程序题a=4,c=162.a,ba1=97,a2=983.0,6,613,7,713,6,6

第三章一、选择题1.A2.A3.B4.A二、填空题1.OK2.7.50,163.a,984.11,13三、编程题1.#include<stdio.h>intmain(){charch;printf("请输入一个字符：");ch=getchar();ch=ch+1;putchar(ch);return0;}2.#include<stdio.h>#defineM3.14intmain(){//输入圆半径和圆柱高floatr,h;printf("请输入圆半径和圆柱高：");scanf("%f%f",&r,&h);//计算圆周长、圆面积、圆球表面积、圆球体积、圆柱体积floatcircumference=2*M*r;floatarea=M*r*r;floatsphereSurfaceArea=4*M*r*r;floatsphereVolume=(4.0/3)*M*r*r*r;floatcylinderVolume=M*r*r*h;//输出结果printf("圆周长为：%.2f\n",circumference);printf("圆面积为：%.2f\n",area);printf("圆球表面积为：%.2f\n",sphereSurfaceArea);printf("圆球体积为：%.2f\n",sphereVolume);printf("圆柱体积为：%.2f\n",cylinderVolume);return0;}

第四章一、选择题1.C2.B3.A4.B5.D6.A7.C8.C二、填空题1yis1.36(c>='A'&&c<='W')c+=3;(c>='X'&&c<='Z')c+='A'-'X';2,2,2三、编程题1.#include<stdio.h>voidmain(){chara;scanf(“%c”,&a);if(a>=‘0’&&a<=‘9’)printf(“%c是一个数字”,a)；elseif(a>=‘a’&&a<=‘z’)printf(“%c是一个小写字母”,a)；elseif(a>=‘A’&&a<=‘Z’);printf(“%c是一个大写字母”,a)；elseprintf(“%c既不是数字，也不是小写字母，也不是大写字母”,a)；}2.#include<stdio.h>intmain(){ inta; printf("输入一个整数："); scanf("%d",&a); if(a%2==0) printf("偶数"); else printf("奇数");}3.#include<stdio.h>intmain(){doubleincome,tax;printf("请输入您的收入：");scanf("%lf",&income);if(income<=1200){tax=0;}elseif(income<=2000){tax=(income-1200)*0.1;}elseif(income<=5000){tax=500*0.1+(income-2000)*0.15;}elseif(income<=20000){tax=500*0.1+3000*0.15+(income-5000)*0.2;}else{tax=500*0.1+3000*0.15+15000*0.2;}printf("您应缴纳的税额为：%.2f元\n",tax);return0;}

第五章一、选择题1.A2.C3.B4.D5.C二、填空题23011122310编程题1.#include<stdio.h>intmain(){intn=10;//你可以设置你想要的n值doubles=0.0;for(inti=1;i<=n;i++){s+=1.0/(i*(i+1));}printf("s的值为：%lf\n",s);return0;}2.#include<stdio.h>intmain(){inti,a,b,c;for(i=100;i<=999;i++){a=i/100;b=(i%100)/10;c=i%10;if(i==a*a*a+b*b*b+c*c*c){printf("%d\n",i);}}return0;}3.#include<stdio.h>intmain(){ intm=0; intn=0; scanf("%d%d",&m,&n); inttem1=m;//用来存储最开始的m inttem2=n;//用来存储最开始的n intt=0; while(t=m%n) { m=n; n=t; } printf("最大公约数为：%d\n",n); printf("最小公倍数为：%d\n",tem1*tem2/n); return0;}4.#include<stdio.h>intmain(){inti,j,k;for(i=4;i>=1;i--){for(j=1;j<=2*i-1;j++){ printf("*");}printf("\n");}return0;}

第六章一、选择题1.C2.C3.B4.A5.C6.A7.C二、填空题strlen（str2）str[i]=str[i]+32编程题1.#include<stdio.h>intmain(){intscores[10];//存储10个学生的成绩inti,maxScore=0;//maxScore用于记录最高分数floataverageScore=0.0;//用于计算平均分数//假设有10个学生的成绩for(i=0;i<10;i++){printf("请输入第%d个学生的成绩：",i+1);scanf("%d",&scores[i]);if(scores[i]>maxScore){//更新最高分数maxScore=scores[i];}}//计算平均分数for(i=0;i<10;i++){averageScore+=scores[i];}averageScore/=10;//将平均分数除以10，得到平均分数的浮点表示//输出结果printf("全班某门功课的平均分数为：%.2f\n",averageScore);printf("全班某门功课的最高分数为：%d\n",maxScore);return0;}2.#include<stdio.h>//头文件intmain()//主函数{charstr1[80],str2[40];//定义字符数组inti=0,j=0;//定义整型变量且赋初值printf("输入字符串1：");//提示语句scanf("%s",str1);//录入字符串1printf("输入字符串2：");//提示语句scanf("%s",str2);//录入字符串2while(str1[i]!='0')//判断str1是不是最后一个字符{i++;}while(str2[j]!='0')//判断str2是不是最后一个字符{str1[i++]=str2[j++];//逐个拼接}str1[i]='0';printf("n新的字符串是：%sn",str1);//输出拼接后的字符串return0;//主函数返回值为0}3.#include<stdio.h>intmain(){ inti,j,min,t,a[11]; printf("enterdata:\n"); for(i=1;i<=10;i++) { printf("a[%d]=",i); scanf("%d",&a[i]); } printf("\n"); printf("Theorginalnumbers:\n"); for(i=1;i<=10;i++) printf("%5d",a[i]); printf("\n"); for(i=1;i<=9;i++) { min=i; for(j=i+1;j<=10;j++) if(a[min]>a[j]) min=j; t=a[i];a[i]=a[min];a[min]=t; } printf("Thesortednumbers:\n"); for(i=1;i<=10;i++) printf("%5d",a[i]); printf("\n"); return0;}

第七章一、选择题1.C2.D3.A4.C5.B6.D7.B8.A9.A10.D11.B12.D13.C二、填空题1.int2.值传递地址传递3.嵌套调用递归调用4.局部变量全局变量自动变量静态变量三、编程题1.#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>ints(intnumber){inti;if(number<=1)return0;for(i=2;i<=sqrt(number);i++)if((number%i)==0)return0;return1;}voidmain(){intn;printf("请输入一个数:");scanf("%d",&n);if(s(n))printf("%d是素数\n",n);elseprintf("%d不是素数\n",n);}2.#include<stdio.h>#include<string.h>intmain(){ voidcon(chara1[],chara2[]); //定义两个字符串 chars1[80],s2[80]; scanf("%s%s",s1,s2); con(s1,s2);}voidcon(chara1[],chara2[]){ intk1=strlen(a1); intk2=strlen(a2); inti,j; chara3[80]; for(i=0;a1[i]!='\0';i++){ a3[i]=a1[i]; } for(i=k1,j=0;a2[j]!='\0';i++,j++){ a3[i]=a2[j]; } a3[k1+k2-1]='\0'; printf("%s",a3);}#include<stdio.h>voidfac(inta,intb);voidfac(inta,intb){inth,j;h=a+b;j=a*b;printf("这两个数的和是:%d乘积是:%d",h,j);}intmain(){inta;intb;intj=0;inth=0;printf("请输入两个数:");scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);fac(a,b);return0;}4.#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>intfun(inta){intsum=1;inti;for(i=1;i<=a;i++){sum*=i;}returnsum;}voidmain(){floate=0,q;intm,n;scanf("%d",&n);for(m=1;m<=n;m++){q=fun(m);e+=1/q;}printf("%10.3f",e);}

第八章一、选择题1.A2.D3.C4.B二、填空题1.无参宏定义带参宏定义2.一个源文件可以将另一个源文件的全部内容包含进来3.选答案（2）,宏展开的结果是(1+1)*3,这是符合TWO*3的原意的,答案（1）展开的结果是1+1*54.34三、编程题1.#include<stdio.h>#defineN5intfun1(inta[]){inti,max=a[0];for(i=1;i<N;i++)if(max<a[i])max=a[i];returnmax;}longlongfun2(intn){longlongs=1;while(n){s*=n;n--;}returns;}voidmain(){inti,n,a[N];for(i=0;i<N;i++)scanf("%d",&a[i]);n=fun1(a);printf("最大值:%d\n%d!=%lld",n,n,fun2(n));}2.include<stdio.h>#definemax3(a,b,c)(a>b?a:b)>c(a>b?a:b):cvoidmain(){printf("max-d\n",max3(35,42,51));}第九章一、选择题1.B2.C3.C4.A5.A6.B7.B8.D二、填空题1.SUNMONTUEWEDTHUFRISAT2.answer=403.maxmum=2004.1711717a=36,b=16,c=19三、编程题1.#include<stdio.h>#include<string.h>intmain(){inti,j,k,n;inta[100];int*p,t;p=a;printf("请输入n个整数，n=");scanf("%d",&n);for(i=0;i<n;i++){scanf("%d",&a[i]);}for(i=0;i<n;i++){for(j=i;j<n;j++){if(*(p+i)>*(p+j)){t=*(p+j);*(p+j)=*(p+i);*(p+i)=t;}}}for(i=0;i<n;i++){printf("%d",*(p+i));}return0;}2.#include<stdio.h>intmain(){char*s1="1234567890abcdefghijklmnop";chars2[50];inti,j,m,n;printf("inputmn:");scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);for(j=0,i=m-1;i<m+n-1;)s2[j++]=s1[i++];s2[j]='\0';puts(s2);}3.#include<stdio.h>voidmain(){inta[10],s=0，i，*p;for(i=o;i<=9;i++)scanf("%d",&a[i]);p=a;for(i=0;i<=9;i++,p++)s=s+(*p);printf("总和为:%d\n",s);printf("平均分为:%d\n",s/10);}4.#includevoidfun(int*a,int*b){inttemp;temp=*a;*a=*b;*b=temp;}main(){inta=1;intb=2;fun(&a,&b);printf("a=%d,b=%d",a,b);}第十章一、选择题1.B2.B3.B4.A二、填空题1.bd.num=152.3417183.19842三、编程题1.#include<stdio.h>//包含头文件structDate//创建一个结构体类型{intyear;//表示年intmonth;//表示月intday;//表示日};intmain(){structDatedate;intDay[13]={0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};inti,days=0;printf("输入一个日期:\n");scanf("%d%d%d",&date.year,&date.month,&date.day);for(i=1;i<date.month;i++)days+=Day[i];days+=date.day;if(date.month>2){if((date.year%4==0&&date.year%100!=0)days=1;printf(%d/%disthe%dthdayin%d.",date.month,date.day,days,date.year);}2.#include"stdio.h"structStaff{intID;charname[20];intage;floatwage;charsex;charaddress[100];};voidoutput(structStaff*stf){printf("StaffID:%d\n",stf->ID);printf("Staffname:%s\n",stf->name);printf("Staffage:%d\n",stf->age);printf("Staffwage:%f\n",stf->wage);printf("Staffsex(M/W):%c\n",stf->sex);printf("Staffaddress:%s\n",stf->address);}voidinput(structStaff*stf){printf("StaffID:\n");scanf("%d",&(stf->ID));printf("Staffname:\n");scanf("%s",&(stf->name));printf("Staffage:\n");scanf("%d",&(stf->age));printf("Staffwage:\n");scanf("%f",&(stf->wage));printf("Staffsex(M/W):\n");scanf("%c",&(stf->sex));printf("Staffaddress:\n");scanf("%s",&(stf->address));}3.#include<stdio.h>#include<stdlib.h>structWorker{intNumber;charName[50];intAge;floatSalary;};intmain(intargc,char*argv[]){inti=0;for(;i<10;i++){structWorkerwork;printf("请输入第%d个员工信息：\n",i+1);//scanf("%d%s%d%f",work.Number,work.Name,work.Age,work.Salary);printf("工号：");scanf("%d",&work.Number);printf("姓名：");scanf("%s",&work.Name);printf("年龄：");scanf("%d",&work.Age);printf("工资：");scanf("%f",&work.Salary);printf("输入完成！信息如下：\n");printf("工号：%d，姓名：%s，年龄：%d，工资：%.2f",work.Number,work.Name,work.Age,work.Salary);}return0;}

第十一章一、选择题1.C2.B3.A4.A5.A6.A7.C8.D二、填空题1.保存在存储设备中的信息2.标准输入/输出文件3.文件指针4.stdin5.stdio.h三、编程题1.#includevoidmain(){FILE*fp;charstr[100];intc=0;if((fp=fopen("d:/turboc2/file.txt","w")==NULL){printf(“cannotopenthefile\n”);exit(0);}printf(“inputastring:”);gets(str);while(str[c]!=’#’){if(str[c]>=’a’&&str[c]<=’z’)str[c]=str[c]-32;fputc(str[c],fp);}fclose(fp);}2.#include<stdio.h>intmain(){FILE*file1,*file2,*file3;charch1,ch2;//打开文件1file1=fopen("d:/turboc2/file1.txt","r");if(file1==NULL){printf("无法打开文件1\n");return1;}//打开文件2file2=fopen("d:/turboc2/file2.txt","r");if(file2==NULL){fclose(file1);printf("无法打开文件2\n");return1;}//打开新文件file3=fopen("d:/turboc2/file3.txt","w");if(file3==NULL){fclose(file1);fclose(file2);printf("无法打开新文件\n");return1;}//逐字符读取并合并文件内容while((ch1=fgetc(file1))!=EOF){fputc(ch1,file3);while((ch2=fgetc(file2))!=EOF){fputc(ch2,file3);}}//关闭文件fclose(file1);fclose(file2);fclose(file3);printf("文件合并完成\n");return0;}3.#include<stdio.h>#defineSTUDENTS4#defineSUBJECTS3structStudent{intid;charname[50];floatscores[SUBJECTS];floataverage;};intmain(){structStudentstudents[STUDENTS];FILE*fp;inti,j;//从键盘输入数据for(i=0;i<STUDENTS;i++){printf("请输入第%d个学生的信息：\n",i+1);printf("学号：");scanf("%d",&students[i].id);printf("姓名：");scanf("%s",students[i].name);for(j=0;j<SUBJECTS;j++){printf("科目%d成绩：",j+1);scanf("%f",&students[i].scores[j]);}//计算平均成绩students[i].average=0.0;for(j=0;j<SUBJECTS;j++){students[i].average+=students[i].scores[j];}students[i].average/=SUBJECTS;}//将数据写入文件fp=fopen("d:/turboc2/student.data","w");if(fp==NULL){printf("无法打开文件！\n");return1;}for(i=0;i<STUDENTS;i++){fprintf(fp,"学号：%d，姓名：%s，科目1成绩：%.2f，科目2成绩：%.2f，科目3成绩：%.2f，平均成绩：%.2f\n",students[i].id,students[i].name,students[i].scores[0],studen