高一英语语法练习

思致超越知行合一 思致超越知行合一PagePAGE4ofNUMPAGES16让每一个学生超越老师！牛津高一英语语法复习（模块3-4）名词性从句 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。（一）引导名词性从句的连接词 1、连接代词：who,whose,whom,what,which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2、连接副词：when,where,why,how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。 3、连接词：that,whether,if,asif。that无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if(whether),asif虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。 注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether和if（是否），asif（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if和asif都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。（二）主语从句 1、主语从句在复合句作主语。 e.g.Whowillgoisnotimportant. 2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。 e.g.Itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot. 3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。 e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.（三）表语从句 1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。 e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere. 2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。 e.g.Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.（四）宾语从句 1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。 e.g.Ihope(that)everythingisallright. 2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或whether。 e.g.I’minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedthework.. I’minterestedinwhatyou’vesaid. 3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。 ①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。e.g.Iwonderifitdoesn’train.②用if会引起误解，就要用whether。e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）③宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。e.g.Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.Idon’tknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。e.g.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.（五）同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback. Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.练习：1.Thefact____sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which2.Thefact____hewassuccessfulproveshisability.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why3.Thenews____hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.when4.Hissuggestion____themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.A.whichB.thatC./D.it5.Ihavenoidea____hewillstart.A.whenB.thatC.whatD./6.I'vecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage____themeetingwon'tbeheldtomorrow.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which7.Thethought____hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that8.Theorder____theprisonerbesetfreearrivedtoolate.A.whichB.whetherC.thatD.what9.Thenursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatient'sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.A.thatB.asC.ofwhichD.which10.Heoftenaskedmethequestion____theworkwasworthdoing.A.whetherB.whereC.thatD.when11.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether12.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that13.Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout____wewouldhavelostourway.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which14.Therearesigns____restaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.whose15.Wecanseethesamesigns____standoutthroughoutthecity.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.whoseKeys:1-5AABBA6-10BDCAA11-15BBDAA主谓一致 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。 （一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复A.isB.wasC.areD.isbeing13.Thegreatwriterandprofessor____.A.isanoldmanB.arebotholdmenC.isanoldmanandayoungmanD.weretwoChinese14.There____apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.A.areB.isC.hasD.have15.Alargenumberofstudentsinourclass____girls.A.areB.wasC.isD.be16.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses____muchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.A.doesn'tchangeB.don'tchangeC.changeD.changed17.TheArabianNights____wellknowntotheEnglish.A.isB.areC.wasD.were18.ChairmanMao'sworks____published.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.is19.Achemicalworks____builtthere.A.istobeingB.havebeenC.weretoD.hasbeen20.TheOlympicGames____heldevery____years.A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;five21.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.A.isB.areC.wasD.were22.Heistheonlyoneofdiestudentswho____elected.A.areB.haveC.hasD.is23.Theisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthat____asked.A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeen24.Manyaman____cometohelpus.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are25."All____presentandall____goingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are26.Thepolice____themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.A.issearchingforB.weresearchingforC.aresearchingforD.weresearching27.Yourtrousers____dirty.Youmusthave____washed.A.is;ilB.are;itC.are;themD.is;them28.Thispairoftrouseis____toolongforhim.A.isB.beC.areD.were29.Oneandahalfbananas____leftonthetable.A.isB.areC.hasD.have30.Eighttimeseight____sixty-four.A.isB.areC.getD.equalKeys:1~5AAACA6~10CBDAD11~15ACABA16~20AABDB21~25ADCBC26~30BCAAA31~35ACAAB36~40CABBA41~45BCCCA46~50ADBBC情态动词1情态动词的语法特征

1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

2）情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。

3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。2比较can和beableto

1）cancould表示能力；可能(过去时用could),

只用于现在式和过去式(could)。beableto可以用于各种时态。

Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。

2）只用beableto

a.位于助动词后。

b.情态动词后。

c.表示过去某时刻动作时。

d.用于句首表示条件。

e.表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/wereableto，不能用could。

HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.

=HemanagedtofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.

注意：could不表示时态

1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。

CouldIhavethetelevisionon?

Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.

2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。

Hecouldn'tbeabadman.

他不大可能是坏人。3比较may和might

1）表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may放在句首，表示祝愿。

MayGodblessyou!

Hemightbeathome.

注意：might表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may小。

2）成语：may/mightaswell，后面接不带to的不定式，意为"不妨"。

Ifthatisthecase,wemayaswelltry.

典型例题

Peter___comewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.

A.mustB.mayC.canD.will

答案B.表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。4比较haveto和must

1)两词都是'必须'的意思，haveto表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。

Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)

Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）

2)haveto有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。

Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.

3）在否定结构中：don'thaveto表示"不必"

mustn't表示"禁止"，

Youdon'thavetotellhimaboutit.你不一定要把此事告诉他。

Youmustn'ttellhimaboutit.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。5must表示推测

1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。

2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must后面通常接系动词be的原形或行为动词的进行式。

Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）

Hemustbeworkinginhisoffice.他一定在办公室工作呢。

比较：

Hemustbestayingthere.

他现在肯定呆在那里。

Hemuststaythere.

他必须呆在那。

3)must表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must要接完成式。

Ididn'thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。

4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must后面要接不定式的完成进行式。

Whydidn'tyouanswermyphonecall?

Well,Imusthavebeensleeping,soIdidn'thearit.

5)否定推测用can't。

IfTomdidn'tleavehereuntilfiveo'clock,hecan'tbehomeyet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。6表示推测的用法

can,could,may,might,must皆可表示推测，其用法如下：

1）情态动词+动词原形。

表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。

Idon'tknowwheresheis,shemaybeinWuhan.

2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。

表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。

Atthismoment,ourteachermustbecorrectingourexampapers.

这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。

3）情态动词+动词完成时。

表示对过去情况的推测。

WewouldhavefinishedthisworkbytheendofnextDecember.

明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。

Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.

地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。

4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。

表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。

Yourmothermusthavebeenlookingforyou.

你妈妈一定一直在找你。

5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't,couldn't表示。

Mikecan'thavefoundhiscar,forhecametoworkbybusthismorning.

迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。

注意：could,might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can,may。7情态动词+have+过去分词

1)may(might)have+donesth,can(could)have+donesth表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。

Philipmay(might)havebeenhurtseriouslyinthecaraccident.

Philipcan(could)havebeenhurtseriouslyinthecaraccident.

2)musthave+donesth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有"肯定"，"谅必"的意思。

Lindahasgonetowork,butherbicycleisstillhere.

Shemusthavegonebybus.

3)oughttohavedonesth,shouldhavedonesth

本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。

Yououghtto(should)havebeenmorecarefulinthisexperiment.

Heoughtnottohavethrowntheoldclothesaway.（事实上已扔了。）

oughtto在语气上比should要强。

4)needn'thavedonesth本没必要做某事

Idressedverywarmlyforthetrip,butIneedn'thavedoneso.Theweatherwashot.

5)wouldliketohavedonesth本打算做某事

Iwouldliketohavereadthearticle,butIwasverybusythen.8should和oughtto

should和oughtto都为"应该"的意思，可用于各种人称。

Oughthetogo?

Yes.Ithinkheoughtto.

表示要求，命令时，语气由should（应该）、hadbetter最好）、must（必须）渐强。9hadbetter表示"最好"

hadbetter相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。

hadbetterdosth

hadbetternotdosth

Itisprettycold.You'dbetterputonmycoat.

She'dbetternotplaywiththedog.

hadbetterhavedonesth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。

Youhadbetterhavecomeearlier.10wouldrather表示"宁愿"

wouldratherdo

wouldrathernotdo

wouldrather…than…宁愿……而不愿。

还有wouldsooner,hadrather,hadsooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。IfIhaveachoice,Ihadsoonernotcontinuemystudiesatthisschool.

Iwouldratherstayherethangohome.=Iwouldstayhereratherthangohome.

典型例题

Shallwegoskatingorstayathome?

Which___do?

A.doyouratherB.wouldyouratherC.willyouratherD.shouldyourather

答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，wouldrather+dosth意为"宁愿"，本题为疑问句，would提前，所以选B。11will和would

注意：

1）wouldlike；Wouldliketodo=wantto想要，为固定搭配。

Wouldyouliketogowithme?

2）Willyou…?Wouldyoulike…?表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some,而不是any。

Wouldyoulikesomecake?

3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would,won'tyou是一种委婉语气。

Won'tyousitdown?12情态动词的回答方式

问句肯定回答否定回答

Needyou…?Yes,Imust.No,Ineedn't

Mustyou…?/don'thaveto.

典型例题

1）CouldIborrowyourdictionary?

Yes,ofcourse,you____.

A.mightB.willC.canD.should

答案C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中ofcourse，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和may来表达，不能用could或might。复习：will与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you连用，用来提出劝告。

2）ShallItellJohnaboutit?

No,you___.I'vetoldhimalready.

A.needn'tB.wouldn'tC.mustn'tD.shouldn't

答案A。needn't不必，不用。wouldn't将不,不会的。mustn't禁止、不能。shouldn't不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。

3）Don'tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.

______.

A.Idon'tB.Iwon'tC.Ican'tD.Ihaven't

答案B.will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心"，本题表示决心，选B。13带to的情态动词

带to的情态动词有四个：oughtto,haveto,usedto,beto,如加上havegotto,(=must),beableto，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意：

Dotheyhavetopaytheirbillbeforetheendofthemonth?

Shedidn'tusetoplaytennisbeforeshewasfourteen.

Yououghtnottohavetoldherallaboutit.

Oughthetoseeaheartspecialistatonce.?

oughtto本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do等助动词协助。

典型例题

Tomoughtnotto___meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.

A.havetoldB.tellC.betellingD.havingtold

答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词oughtto后，所以用have。14比较need和dare

这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时,后面的to时常可以被省略。

1)实义动词：need（需要,要求）

need+n./todosth

2)情态动词：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为neednot。

Needyougoyet?

Yes,Imust./No,Ineedn't.

3)need的被动含义：need,want,require,worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动：

needdoing=needtobedone练习：1.He

______

youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.

A.mighthavegiven

B.mightgive

C.mayhavegiven

D.maygive2.Jenny______

havekeptherword.Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.

A.must

B.should

C.need

D.would

3..-CouldIborrowyourdictionary?

-Yes,ofcourseyou_________

A.might

B.willC.can

D.should

4.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI______forher.

A.hadtowriteitout

B.musthavewrittenitout

C.shouldhavewrittenitout

D.oughttowriteitout

5.—ShallItellJohnaboutit?

—No,you______.I'vetoldhimalready.

A.needn't

B.wouldn't

C.mustn't

D.shouldn't6.─Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.

─It______

acomfortablejourney.

A.can'tbe

B.shouldn'tbe

C.mustn'thavebeen

D.couldn'thavebeen

7.It'snearlyseveno'clock.Jack______

behereatanymoment.

A.must

B.need

C.should

D.can

8..Whenhewasthere,he______gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterwork

everyday.

A.would

B.shouldC.hadbetter

D.might

9..Sir,you_____besittinginthiswaitingroom.Itisforwomenandchildrenonly.

A.oughtn'tto

B.can't

C.won't

D.needn't

10.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone______getout.

A.hadto

B.would

C.could

D.wasableto

11.--WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.

--They_____bereadyby12:00.

A.can

B.should

C.might

D.need

12..--IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.

--Oh,didyou?You_____withBarbara.

A.couldhavestayed

B.couldstay

C.wouldstay

D.musthavestayed13.－Willyoustayforlunch?

－Sorry,＿＿＿＿＿,Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.

A.Imustn't

B.Ican't

C.Ineedn't

D.Iwon't14.SorryI'mlate.I______haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.

A.might

B.should

C.can

D.will

15.Ishouldhavebeenthere,butI_______notfindthetime.

A.would

B.could

C.might

D.should

16.MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon,sohe___yourlecture.

A.couldn'thaveattended

B.needn'thaveattended

C.mustn'thaveattended

D.shouldn'thaveattended

17.AreyoucomingtoJeff'sparty?

I'mnotsure.I________gototheconcertinstead.

A．mustB．wouldC．shouldD．might

18.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How_________itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?

A．can

B．should

C．may

D．must

19Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe________agoal.

A．hadscored

B．scored

C．wouldscore

D．wouldhavescored

20.—Writetomewhenyougethome.

—_________

A．Imust

B．Ishould

C．Iwill

D．Ican21.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_____homewithoutaword.A.mustn'tleave B.Shouldn'thaveleftC.Couldn'thaveleft D.needn'tleave22.Oh,I’mnotfeelingwellinthestomach,I______

somuchfriedchickenjustnow.

A.shouldn’tcut

B.mustn’thaveeaten

C.shouldn’thaveeaten

D.mustn’teat23.--Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.

--It_____betruebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.

Amaynotbe

Bwon’tbe

Ccouldn’tbe

Dmustn’tbe24.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates_____remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.

Acan

Bwill

Cmay

Dshall25. Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebags______belefeforashorttime,especiallyinarailwaystation.A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will26.Idon'tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.You.I'mnotaskingyouforit.mustn'tB.maynotC.can'tD.needn’t27.Ioftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkI_____reportittothepolice?A.shouldB.mayC.willD.can28.Mr.White_____at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’t’showup.A.shouldhavearrived B.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrived D.shouldbearriving29.You______betired-you'veonlybeenworkingforanhour.A.mustnotB.won'tC.can'tD.maynot30.—Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?—Well,ifyouknow,hernameisMabel.A.mayB.canC.mustD.shallKeys:1-5ABCCA6-10DCAAD11-15BABAB16-20ADADC21-25BCCDB26-30DAACC被动语态语态(Voice)，作为一个语法范畴，是表示主语和动词之间的主动或被动关系的动词行式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(ActiveVoice)和被动语态(PassiveVoice)。当主语为动作执行者即施动者时，动词用主动态；如果主语是动作的承受者即受动者时，动词便用被动态。例如：

(1)JohnhelpedPeter.

(2)PeterwashelpedbyJohn.

句(1)helped是主动态；句(2)washelped是被动态,可见主动态是无标记的，而被动态是有标记的。

构成

被动语态由助动词be的时态之一和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。如：一般现在时的被动态构成形式为助动词am/is/are+过去分词；而一般过去时的被动态构成形式为was/were+过去分词。本册要掌握的被动语态形式有：

一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词

e.g.Footballisplayedallovertheworld.

I’moftenaskedtodothiswork.

我常常被派做这项工作。

一般过去时：was/were+过去分词

e.g.Theterracottawarriorswerefoundin1974nearXi’an.

Theywerediscoveredbyworkersinafieldoutsidethecity.

Whenwasthebuildingcompleted?

这座大楼什么时候建成的？

一般将来时：will(shall)+be+过去分词

begoingto+be+过去分词

e.g.Theresultoftheexamwillbeknownsoon.

Theyaregoingtobegivenadifficulttest.

一般过去将来时：should(would)be+过去分词

e.g.Theteachersaidtheresultswouldbepublishedsoon.

Hetoldmethatthefilmwouldbeshownthenextweek.

现在进行时：am/is/are+being+过去分词

e.g.Thenewairportisbeingbuiltbyaforeigncompany.

一家外国公司正在承建这座新机场。

Thesongisbeingsungbythegirlsnow.

过去进行时：was/werebeing+过去分词

e.g.ThesongwasbeingsungbythegirlswhenIgotthere.

ThestudentwasbeingcriticizedwhenIwentintothe

teacher’soffice.

将来完成时：willhavebeen+过去分词

e.g.Bytheendofnextterm2000Englishwordswill

havebeenlearned.

Thebuildingwillhavebeenbuiltbynextyear.

现在完成时：has/have+been+过去分词

e.g.Alltheticketshavebeensold.

Thebookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.

这本书已被译成多种语言。

过去完成时：hadbeen+过去分词

e.g.Fortyschoolshadbeenvisitedbylastyear.

AlltheticketshadbeensoldoutwhenIgottothecinema.

过去将来完成时：wouldhavebeen+过去分词

e.g.Hesaidmanywordswouldhavebeenlearnedby2001.

Theypromisedthattenbookswouldhavebeenpublished

bythenextmonth.

情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词

e.g.Thisroadmustbemended.

Themachinepartsmaybeneededinourwork.

工作中可能需要这些机器零部件。

动词不定式：tobe+过去分词

e.g.I’mgladtobeaskedquestions.

Itisimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.

失去的时间不可弥补。

主要用法

被动态常用于下列几种场合：

1．当不知道或不必提出动作的执行者时（这时都不带由by引起的短语）；

PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.

印刷术是从中国引入欧洲的。

TheairplanewasmadeinU.S.

Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.这种书是为儿童写的。

2.动作的承受者是谈话的中心（这时可带有由by引起的短语）；

Thesongwascomposedbyastudent.

这首歌曲是一个学生谱写的。

Thousandsofriversarepollutedinthecountry.

3.出于礼貌措词等原因而不愿说出动作执行者是谁。

Youarerequestedtogethereintime.

请您准时来这儿。

带行为主体的被动态

行为主体就是动作的执行者，即执行动词所表达的动作的人或物。在被动句中，往往不提及行为主体；但当强调动作的执行者时，可用介词by引出行为(by+主体行为主体),置于被动态句的末尾，说明是什么人或物应对有关事件负责。

e.g.Thevillagewasdestroyedbyabomb.

这个村庄毁于炸弹。

Thepaintingisveryvaluable.ItwaspaintedbyVanGogh.

这幅画很值钱，它是梵·高画的。

其它用法补充

1.“It+被动语态+that从句”。表示谨慎或不太肯定的语气。常用于该结构的动词有：say,think,believe,agree,expect,consider,feel,know,decide,report,suggest,prove等。

e.g.Itissaidthatpriceswillriseagainthismonth.

据说本月物价还将上涨。

Itisthoughtthataboutamilliondogsareborneachyear.

据认为每年约有一百条狗出生。

Itisreportedthatallthepassengersdiedinthecrash.

据报导所有乘客在那次飞机坠毁中遇难。

Itisagreedthatwewillhavetwoweeksholidaythisyear.

2.用于通告标题广告等的被动态往往省去助动词be。

e.g.NoChinesespokenhere.

Shoesrepaired.

FamousPaintingStolen.名画被盗。

练习：1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;built B.Was;bulit C.Does;build D.Did;build2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappened B.washappened C.ishappened D.happened3.Cotton____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrown B.aregrown C.grows D.grow4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisited B.willbevisited C.hasbeenvisited D.wasvisited5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____inthschoolhallnextweek.A.isgiven B.hasbeengiven C.willbegiven D.gives6.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoing B.arebeingdone C.hasbeendoneD.willbedone7.Thedoctor_____foryet.A.isn'tsent B.hasn'tbeensent C.won'tbesent D.wasn'tsent8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used9.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;written B.was;writtenby C.did;written D.was;written10.Mary____showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedto B.wasaskedto C.isasked D.asksto11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldus B.wastoldtous C.istoldus D.toldus12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.tojump13.Olderpeople____well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter14.Ourteacher______carefully.A.shouldbelistenedto B.shouldbelisten C.belistened D.islistened15.Insomepartoftheworld,tea_______withmilkandsugar.A.isserving B.isserved C.serves D.served16.Itwasreportedthatthemurderer_______arrested.A.hasbeen B.hadbeen C.has D.had17.Doyouthinkthatthebridge______inayear?A.wouldbecompleted B.willbecompletedC.hadbeencompleted D.isbeingcompleted18.Greatchanges_______inChinasincethePeople’sRepublicofChina_______in1949.A.havetakenplace;wasfounded B.hastakenplace;wasfoundedC.havebeentakenplace;founded D.tookplace;founded19.—WhydoesLingLinglooksounhappy?—Shehas_______byherclassmates.A.laughed B.laughedat C.beenlaughed D.beenlaughedat20.Doctors_______ineverypartoftheworld.A.need B.areneeding C.areneeded D.willneed21.Ipromisethatmatterwill_______.A.betakencare B.betakencareofC.takecare D.takecareof22.Nopermissionhas________foranybodytoentert