高中英语省略句讲解及高中英语省略句专项练习

高中英语语法：省略句的类型和用法在英语语言中，为了使语言简洁明了，重点突出或上下文紧密相连，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变，这种语言现象称之为省略。现就英语中的种种省略现象分析如下：一、并列复合句中的省略在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如：a)Theboypickedupacoinintheroadand(theboy)handedittoapoliceman.这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。b)Youradvicemademehappybut(youradvicemade)Tomangry.你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。c)TommusthavebeenplayingbasketballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.汤姆肯定一直在打篮球，玛丽一直在写作业。d)GaoXiuminwasbornin1959andFuBiao(wasborn)in1963.高秀敏出生于1959年，傅彪出生于1963年。二、主从复合句中的省略1.状语从句中的省略一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：1)由when,while,as,before,after,till,until,once等引导的时间状语从句;2)由whether,if,unless等引导的条件状语从句;3)由though,although,evenif,whatever等引导的让步状语从句;4)由as,than等引导的比较状语从句;5)由as,asif,asthough等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则：1)当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：(1)连词(as,asif,once)+名词;(2)连词(though,whether,when)+形容词;(3)连词(whether,asif,while)+介词短语;(4)连词(when,while,though)+现在分词;(5)连词(when,if,evenif,unless,once,until,than,as)+过去分词;(6)连词(asif,asthough)+不定式。如：a)Once(hewas)aworker,PangLongnowbecomesafamoussinger.庞龙曾经是个工人，现在变成一位著名的歌手。b)Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou'llregret.趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后悔的。c)Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.他到处看似乎在找什么东西。d)While(hewas)holdingtalkswithPresidentHuJintao,USPresidentGeorgeW.BushthankedChinaforitsimportantroleintheSix-PartyTalks.美国总统布什在与胡锦涛主席会谈时，感谢中国在六方会谈中起的重要作用。e)Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.这次展览比被预料的有趣的多。f)OlympicgoldmedallisthurdlerLiuXiangopenedhislipsasif(hewere)tospeak。奥林匹克金牌获得者跨栏运动员刘翔张开嘴好像要说什么。注意：1)当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，间或也有这样的省略,如：Herfathertoldhertobecarefulwhen(shewas)crossingthestreet.当她过马路时父亲告诉她要当心。2)当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if,unless,when,whenever)+形容词的结构。如：Unless(itis)necessary,you'dbetternotrefertothedictionary.如果没有必要，你最好不要查字典。2.定语从句中的省略1)一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom可以省略;如：Isthisreason(that)heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?这就是他在会上解释他工作中粗心的原因吗?(2002上海春季)而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词which,whom不可以省略。试比较：Tom(whom)yousawyesterdayfellill.(whom可以省)你昨天见到的汤姆病倒了。Tom,whomyousawyesterday,fellill.(whom不可以省)汤姆病倒了，你昨天见到他了。2)在口语和非正式用语中，关系副词when,where,和why经常用that来代替，甚至还可省略。如：a)Thisisthefirsttime(when/that)hehadtroublewiththeboss.这是他第一次麻烦老板。b)Hewantstofindagoodplace(where/that)wecanhaveapicnicduringthe“goldenweek”holiday.他想找一个能在黄金周期间野餐的好地方。c)Couldyoutellusthereason(why/that)hewassounhappy?你能告诉我们他为什么如此不高兴吗?3)当先行词为表示方式的theway时，从句不能用how来引导，应该用that或inwhich，或将它们全部省略。如：Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.我不喜欢你嘲笑他的行为。3.宾语从句中的省略1)在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that一般可以省略;但如果及物动词后面是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。如：a)Ithink(that)thereformoftherenminbi'sexchangerateisnecessary.我认为人民币兑换率的改革是必要的。b)Hesaid(that)theAnti-secessionlawhadbeenpassedandthatPresidentHuJintaohadsignedapresidentialorder他说《反分裂国家法》已被通过，而且胡锦涛主席已签署了主席令。2)由which,when,where,how,和why引导的宾语从句，可以全部或部分省略。如：a)IknowthatNBAstarYaoMingwillcometoourcitybutIdon’tknowwhen(hewillcometoourcity).我知道NBA明星要到我们城市来但我不知道他什么时候来。b)Hewantstomoveabroadbuthisparentswonderswhy(hewantstomoveabroad)他想搬迁到国外但他的父母想知道为什么。4.在与suggest,request,order,advise等词相关的名词性从句中，须用虚拟语气形式“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。如：Chirac,PresidentoftheRepublicofFrancesuggestedthattheChina-FranceCultureYear(should)lastlonginvariousforms.法国总统希拉克建议中法文化年以各种各样的形式长期持续。5.主句省略多用于句首。如：(Itisa)PitythatIdidn’tgotoMary'sbirthdaypartyyesterday.很遗憾，我昨天没有去参加玛丽的生日聚会。6.在答语中，主句可全部省略。如：—WhywereyouabsentfromschoollastFriday?—(Iwasabsentfromschool)Becausemymotherwasill.—上周五你为什么没有上学?—因为我妈妈病了。三、简单句中的省略1.省略主语1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略如：(You)Openthedoor,please.请开一下门。2)其它省略主语多限于现成的说法如：a)(I)Thankyouforyourhelp谢谢你的帮助。b)(It)Doesn’tmatter.没关系。2.省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分如：a)(Thereis)Nosmoking.禁止抽烟b)(Isthere)anythingelse?还有其他事吗?c)(Youcome)Thiswayplease.请这边走。d)(Willyou)Haveasmoke?抽烟吗?3.省略宾语如：—DoyouknowMr.Li?你认识李先生吗?—Idon’tknow(him.)我不认识他4.省略表语如：—Areyouthirsty?你30岁了吗?Yes,Iam(thirsty).是的，我是。5.同时省略几个成分如：a)—Areyoufeelingbetternow?你觉得好些了吗?—(Iamfeeling)Muchbetter(now)好多了。b)(Iwish)Goodluck(toyou).祝你好运/祝你顺利。四、动词不定式省略，只保留to的场合1.不定式作某些动词的宾语时，这些动词常见的有：love,like,care,wish,hope,expect,prefer,refuse,mean,try,oblige,advise,persuade,agree,want,afford,forget,remember,try,manage等。如：a)—Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.—Imeantto,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn’tfindheranywhere.—你本该在离开前谢谢她。—我本打算这么做，但当我就要离开的时候我却找不到她了。(2000上海春)b)Youcandoitthiswayifyouliketo.如果你想做，你可以这么做。2.不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时，这些动词常见的有：ask,tell,advise,force,persuade,wish,allow,permit,forbid,expect,order,warn等。如：a)Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnotto.男孩想在街上骑他的自行车，但他母亲不让。(NMET1995)b)Shewantstocomebutherparentswon’tallowherto(come).她想来，可是她父母不让。3.不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时，常见的形容词有：happy,glad,eager,anxious,willing,ready等。如：—Iwillbeawayonabusinesstrip.Couldyoumindlookingaftermycat?—Notatall.Iwouldbehappyto(lookafteryourcat).—我要出差，你能帮我照顾一下我的猫吗?—没关系，我很愿意。4.不定式作某些复合谓语时，常见结构如：beableto,begoingto,haveto,oughtto,usedto等。如：

Hedoesn’tlikefishbutheusedto他现在不喜欢吃鱼，但过去喜欢。五、动词不定式to的省略1.主语部分有todo,系动词is或was时，作表语的不定式通常省去to。如：Theonlythingyouhavetodoispressthebutton.你必须做的惟一事情是按按钮。2.作介词but,expect,besides的宾语，前面又有实意动词do时，不定式通常省去to.如：HesaidthatChenShuibianhadnothingtodoexceptpushapro-“independence”timetable.他说陈水扁除了推进支持“独立”的时间表外，什么也没有做。3.主语部分暗含todo，表语中的不定式通常省去to。如：AllIwant(todo)isgotoschoolandstudyhard.我想要(做)的就是上学，努力学习。4.当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不定式符号可以省略，但有对比关系时不可省略。如：Itiseasiertosaythantodo.说起来容易，做起来难。5.在wouldrather…than…等结构中，不定式符号常常要省略.如：Iwouldratherstayathomethangotoseeafilm.我宁愿呆在家也不愿去看电影。6.在see,watch,notice,hear,listento,lookat,feel,have,make,let,observe等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to;why(not)do结构中,不定式不带to。如：a)Isawherentertheroom.我看见她进入了房间b)Whynotjoinus?为什么不加入到我们的行列里来呢?六.其他一些省略结构1.名词所有格修饰的名词，若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以省略。如：WespenttheweekendattheMary's.我们在玛丽家过的周末。2.What和how引导的感叹句中，常可省略主语it和be动词如：a)Whatawonderfulvictory(itis)forTom!这对Tom来说是个多么大的胜利呀!b)Howbeautiful(itis)tobetreatedlikeanormalchild.被当作一个正常孩子对待对他而言是多么美妙的一件事呀。高中英语省略句专练随堂专练：1.Tomwantedtoplayfootballwithhisfriendsinthestreet,buthisfathertoldhim_____.A．nottoB．nottodoC．notdoitD．donotto2.—DoyouthinkJackisgoingtowatchafootballmatchthisweekend?—_____.IbelievenotB．IbelievenotsoC．Idon’tbelieveitD．Idon'tbelieve3.—Whatdoyouthinkmadethegirlsoglad?—_____abeautifulnecklace.AsshereceivedB．ReceivingC．ReceivedD．Becauseofreceiving4.Fatheradvisedmenottosayanythinguntil_____atthemeeting.A．askingB．toaskC．askedD．ask5.—Haveyouwateredtheflowers?—No,but_____.A．IamB．I’mgoingC．I’mjustgoingtoD．Iwillgo6.—Hehasn’tgonetotheofficeuptonow.—Well,he_____.A．shouldB．oughttoC．oughttogoD．oughttohave7.—Thewarisverylikelytobreakoutinthenearfuture.—I_____,ifthesituationgoesasitis.A．hopesoB．hopenotC．amafraidnotD．amafraidso8.—Yououghttohavegiventhemsomeadvice.—_____,butwhocaredwhatIsaid?A．SooughtyouB．SoIoughtC．SoIdidD．Sodidyou9.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif_____.whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.A．seeingB．havingseenC．toseeD．tohaveseen10._____.hecome,theproblemwouldbesettled.A．WouldB．ShouldC．ShallD．If11.—CanIseeyouat3:00pmnextMonday?—I_____.IwillhaveflowntoNewYorklongbeforethen.A．amafraidnotB．amafraidsoC．amafraidtoD．amafraidnotto12.—Isthatabookonfarming?Ifso,Iwanttoborrow_____.—Yes,itis.A．thisB．itC．OneD．theone13._____,Iwillhelpyouwithyourwork.A．IfampossibleB．IfitpossibleC．IfpossibleD．Possible14.—Howareyougettingonwithyourwork?—Oh,I’msorry.Thingsaren’tgoingsowellas_____.A．plansB．planningC．PlannedD．toplan15.—Areyouavolunteernow?—No,butI_____.IworkedfortheCitySportsMeetinglastyear.A．usedtoB．usedtobeC．usedtodoD．wasusedto综合专练：Theboywantedtoridehisbikeinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donottoThetraditionalgoalofscienceistodiscoverhowthingsare,nothowtheyought____.A.toB.tobeC.beD.havebeenDidyouworkinthelabeveryafternoon?No,butsometimes,IwishI____.A.hadtimetoB.hadtimetodoC.havetimetoD.havetimeIhopethechildrenwon’ttouchthedog.I’vewarnedthem____.A.notB.nottoC.nottouchD.notdoSomestudentsaregoingtoChinainsummervacation,and____.somearetoAmericaB.somegoingtoAmericaC.sometoAmericaD.someAmericaTheworkersdidall___goodcareoftheoldman.A.theycouldtotakeB.theycouldtakeC.whichtheycouldtotakeD.whattheycouldtotakeOfallthethingsintheworld,Ithinklifeandloveare____.verymuchpreciousB.morethanpreciousC.thepreciousestD.themostpreciousThephotographsofotherplanetstakenbysatelliteareclearthan___.theearthB.thosetakenfromtheearthC.thoseoftheearthD.oftheearthwhy___?Itisnotveryserious.A.toworryB.worryC.notworryD.youareworried___theroad,don’tforgettolookbothways.AscrossingB.WhileyoucrossC.WhilecrossingD.CrossChemistryisthescienceofsubstances___thescienceofenergy.andisphysicsB.orisphysicsC.andphysicsD.orphysicsis12.–Whobrokethewindow?____.A.HimB.HeC.HebrokeD.ItishimSusan,goandjoinyoursistercleaningtheyard.Why___?Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.A.himB.heC.ID.meHowdoyoufindyourmissingpen?___.QuitebyaccidentB.Ifounditinmydrawer.C.ItwriteswellD.Itwaswellkeptbymyself.Youmustobeyeverywordofmine.____Idon’t.?A.HowifB.WhatifC.SuchasD.OnlyifWhen___,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted17.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif____whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.toseeIwon’tgotohispartynexttime.Itcouldn’thavebeen____infact.A.anybetterB.anyworseC.sobadD.thebest19.DoesBilldohisnewjobwell?_____hisoldjob.Iamafraidthereisnohopeforhim.NotbetterthanB.NobetterthanC.NotsowellasD.NotaswellasLeavingforShanghai?____.A.SoonB.LatelyC.TheotherdayD.SoonerTherentisexpensive.I’vegothalfthespaceIhadathomeandI’mpaying____here.A.asthreetimesmuchB.asmuchthreetimesC.muchasthreetimesD.threetimesasmuch22.—Waituntilwegetasatisfactoryone,willyou?Icouldn’tagree___,Itsoundsgoodtome.A.muchB.worseC.moreD.atall23.——I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?——Notatall.______________.A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbehappyto24.——Letmeintroducemyself.I’mAlbert.——____________.WhatapleasureB.It’smypleasureC.PleasedtomeetyouD.I’mverypleased25.——Doyoumindmytakingthisseat？——__________.A.Yes,sitdownB.No,ofcoursenotC.Yes,takeitpleaseD.No,youcan’ttakeit26.——Iusuallygotherebytrain.——Whynot_____byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing27.Unless________tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited28.Though_______money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin29.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit..beginsBhavingbegunC.beginningD.begun30.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif________whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.tosee31.______,hedoesn’twanttogotoschoolandkeepintouchwiththebadboys.A.AsheisastudentB.HeisasstudentC.StudentasheisD.Asstudentsheis32.——Theboysarenotdoingagoodjobatall,arethey?——_________.A.IguessnotsoB.Idon’tguessC.Idon’tguesssoD.Iguessnot33.Inaway,Ithinkwebothwon:Ithegame,butcousinEdmy______.A.friendshipB.respectC.supportD.favor34.—Ihatetalkingwiththatguy.Look,heiscoming.WhatshouldIdo?

—Don’tspeakuntil_____.A.speaking B.spokento

C.spoken D.Speakingto35.—Howareyougettingonwithyourwork?

—Oh,I’msorry.Thingsaren’tgoingsowellas_____.

A.plans B.planning

C.planned D.toplan36.Heisonlytooreadytohelpothers,seldom,_____,refusingthemwhentheyturntohim. A.ifnever B.ifever C.ifnot D.ifany37.While_____holdingtalkswithPresidentHuJintao,USPresidentGeorgeW.BushthankedChinaforitsimportantroleintheSix-PartyTalks.A.heis B.hewas C./ D.BorC38.—Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.—Imeant_____,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn’tfindheranywhereA.tothank B.to C./ D.thanking39.Whenfirst_____tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducing B.introduced C.introduceD.beingintroduced40.Iwonderwhyyouwon'tdoitas_____.It'sthethirdtimeyouhavedoneso.A.toldto B.betold C.toldyouD.youtold41.Heisratherdifficulttomakefriendswith,buthisfriendship,_____ismoretruethananyother.A.oncegainedB.whentogainC.afterisgainedD.whilegaining42.Youmaytakethemallhome_____.A.ifpossibleB.ifcanC.ifimpossibleD.ifyouarepossible43.Water,_____enough,canchangeintovaporquicklyA.whenheatedB.whileheatingC.whentobeheatedD.whenisheated综合专练参考答案：1-5ABABC6-10ADBBC11-15CADCB16-20ADBBA21-25DCDCB26-30DACDD31-35CDABC36-40CDBBA41-45AAACB省略和替代THOMAS.2007/12/28一、省略省略在英语运用中，尤其是在交际对话中普遍存在，因为它可以避免重复，突出关键词语，能做到言简意赅，并使上下文紧密连接。在历年的高考题中也屡见不鲜。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，有的学者把某些替代也看作一种省略。一、词法上的省略1.名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略1）如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现，则可以省略。如：TheseareJohn'sbooksandthoseareMary's(books).这些是约翰的书，那些是玛丽的书。2）名词所有格后修饰的名词如果是指商店、住宅等地点时，这些名词也常常省略。如：atthedoctor's在诊所atMr.Green's在格林先生家tomyuncle's到我叔叔家atthebarber's在理发店2.冠词的省略1）为了避免重复Thelightningflashedandthundercrashed.电闪雷鸣。（thunder前省略了定冠词the）2）在thenextday(morning,week,year...)等短语中，有时为了使语气紧凑定冠词the常可以省略。如：Wewenttothefarmtohelpthefarmerswiththeharvest(the)nextday.第二天，我们去农场帮助农民收庄稼。3）在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略。如：Shesingsbestintheclass.她在班上唱歌唱得最好。4）在某些独立主格结构中。如：Ourteachercamein,bookinhand.(=Ourteachercamein,withabookinhishand.)我们的老师手里拿着一本书进来了。5）在as引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠词要省略。如：Childasheis,heknowsalot.虽然他还是一个孩子，却懂得很多。3.介词的省略1）both后常跟of短语，其后可以接名词复数形式，也可以接代词宾格复数形式。接复数名词时，介词of可以省略，但接代词宾格时，of不能省略。如：Both(of)thefilmswereinteresting.这两部电影都很有趣。Sheinvitedbothofustoherbirthdayparty.她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。2）在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中，一段时间前的介词for可以省略。如：Theseshoesarewornout.Theyhavelasted(for)alongtime.这双鞋穿破了，已经穿了很长一段时间了。3）被动结构中，如果没有必要强调动作的执行者，则可以省略介词by短语。如：Theletterwasposted(byme)yesterday.这封信是昨天寄出去的。4）和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词，如：consider...(as)...,prevent/stop...(from)doing...,havetrouble/difficulty...(in)doing...,spend...(in/on)doing...等中的介词可以省略。如：Treescanpreventtheearth(from)beingwashedaway.树能阻止泥土被冲走。Canyoustophim(from)goingswimmingintheriver?你能阻止他下河洗澡吗？Ihavesomedifficulty(in)answeringthequestion.回答这个问题我有点困难。4.动词不定式中的省略1）有些动词，如：believe,find,think,feel,consider,imagine,prove等后作宾补的结构tobe+n./adj.中的tobe可以省略。如：Iconsiderhim(tobe)lazy.我认为他懒。Hismotherfoundhim(tobe)acleverboy.他母亲发觉他是一个很聪明的孩子。2）感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice等以及使役动词let,make,have后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，to必须保留。如：Theymadetheboygotobedearly.他们强迫这个男孩早睡。Theboywasmadetogotobedearly.这个男孩被迫早睡。注：help后作宾补的动词不定式中的to可以省略也可以保留。3）在cannotbut,cannotchoosebut,cannothelpbut之后的动词不定式一般不带to；but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do,does,did,done时，也不带to,否则要带to。如：Wehavenothingtodonowbutwait.我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.我不能不钦佩他的勇敢。Hehasnochoicebuttoacceptthefact.除了接受这个事实他别无选择。4）在并列结构中为了避免重复。如：I'mreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay.我真不知道该怎么想，怎么说才好。但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to不能省略。如：Icamenottoscoldbuttopraiseyou.我来不是责备你，而是赞美你。5）在why,whynot引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。如：Whytalksomuchaboutit?为什么大谈这个事呢？Whynottryitagain?为什么不再试一试呢？6）动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。如：Theymaygoiftheywishto(go).如果他们想去，他们就可以去。Don'tgotillItellyouto.直到我告诉你去，你才可以去。在一些动词afford,agree,expect,forget,mean,pretend,remember,want,refuse,hope,wish,wouldlike(love),try等后跟动词不定式作宾语，不定式中的to可以承前（后)省略。如：-Willyougotothecinemawithme?你愿和我一起去看电影吗？-Well,I'dliketo(gowithyou).我愿意。Iwoulddoitforyou,butIdon'tknowhowto(doitforyou).我想为你做这事，但我又不知如何做。在某些形容词，如：afraid,glad,willing,happy,eager等后承前省略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。如：-Willyoujoinusinthegame?你愿和我们一起做这个游戏吗？-Sure,I'llbegladto(joinyouinthegame).当然，我愿意。有些动词，如：tell,ask,allow,expect,force,invite,permit,persuade,order,warn,wish,wouldlike,forbid等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语、主语补足语时，不定式承前省略动词原形，保留动词不定式符号to。如：Hedidn'tcome,thoughwehadinvitedhimto(come).尽管我们邀请他来，他却没来。注：承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be，则要保留be或have。如：-Areyouateacher?你是老师吗？-No,butIusedtobe(ateacher).不，我以前是。

二、句法中的省略在一些简单句、并列句和复合句中，可以省略主语、谓语、宾语、表语等某一个句子成分，也可以省略多个句子成分。1．简单句中的省略１）感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。如：Whatahotday(itis)!多热的天啊！Howwonderful!多妙啊！２）在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。如：-（Willyou）Haveasmoke?你抽烟吗？-No.Thanks.不，谢谢了。（Isthere）Anythingelsetosay?还有别的要说吗？2．并列句中的省略1）如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的那部分。如：JohnmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。2）主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略。如：HissuggestionsmadeJohnhappy,but(hissuggestionsmade)Maryangry.他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生气。3）主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。如：OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,but(he)soonreturnedtohisoldways.老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。4）在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其它一些成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。如：Jackwillsingattheparty,butIknowJohnwon't（singattheparty）.杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会在晚会上唱歌。3．复合句中的省略1）名词性从句中的省略（1）作宾语的what从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则what从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语。如：Someonehasusedmybike,butIdon'tknowwho(hasusedit).有人用了我的自行车，但我不知道是谁。Hehasgone,butnooneknowswhere(hehasgone).他走了，但没人知道他去哪儿了。（2）有时候也可以根据说话的情景来省略主句中的一些成分。如：（I'm）SorryI'vekeptyouwaitingsolong.对不起，让你久等了。（3）在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的助动词should可以省略。如：It'simportantthatwe(should)speaktotheoldpolitely.我们对老人说话要有礼貌，这很重要。2）定语从句中的省略（1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that,which,who(whom)常可以省略。如：Theman(who/whom)IsawiscalledSmith.我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。Whereisthebook(which)Iboughtthismorning?今天上午我买的那本书在哪儿？（2）关系副词when,where,why以及that在thetime(day,morning,afternoon,evening,night,week,month,year等)when,theplace(desk,table,room,spot,house,town,country,school等)where,thereasonwhy,thewaythat结构中引导限制性定语从句时，在非正式场合下，可以省略关系副词when,where,why,that。如：Ishallneverforgettheday(when)wefirstmet.我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。Thereason(why)hecamesoearlyishisownaffair.他来这么早是他自己的事。Theway(that)youansweredthequestionswasadmirable.你回答这些问题的方式令人钦佩。3）状语从句中的省略当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。（1）在as,before,till,once,when,while等引导的时间状语从句中。如：While（Iwas）waiting,Iwasreadingsomemagazines.我一边看杂志，一边等。（2）在though,although,等引导的让步状语从句中。如：Though(theywere)tired,theywentonworking.虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。（3）在if,unless(=if...not)等引导的条件状语从句中。如：Youshouldn'tcometohispartyunless(youwere)invited.除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的宴会。（4）在as,asif,asthough引导的让步状语从句中。如：Hedidas(hehadbeen)told.他按照被告知的那样去做了。Hepausedasif(hewas)expectinghertospeak.他停下来，好像是在期待她说话。（5）在as(so)...as...,than引导的比较状语从句中。如：Iknowyoucandobetterthanhe(cando).我知道你能比他做得更好。Thiscardoesn'trunasfastasthatone(does).这辆小车不及那辆跑得快。

三、替代性省略在一些交际用语中的某些动词，如：think,suppose,expect,believe，第二页guess等后常常和so，not等连用，以替代上文出现的内容。如：-Doyousupposeheisgoingtoattendthemeeting?你认为他会来参加这个会议吗？-Isupposenot.我认为不会。

高考题链接及能力拓展训练：一、在含有状语从句的复合句中1.Whenfirst________tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.(NMET2004全国卷II)A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced2.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen________atthemeetingbymyboss.(NMET2004全国卷IV)A.questioningB.havingquestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned3.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif________whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.(NMET2003安徽春)A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.tosee4.Generallyspeaking,________accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.(NMET2003上海卷)A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken5.Unless________tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.(NMET2003上海春)A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited6.When________,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(NMET2002上海春)A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted7.Though________money,hisparentsman-agedtosendhimtouniversity.(NMET2002上海卷)A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin8.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(NMET2002)A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun二、在限定性定语从句中9.-You'realwaysworking.Comeon,let'sgoshopping.-________youeverwanttodoisgoingshopping.(NMET2002北京、安徽、内蒙古春)A.AnythingB.SomethingC.AllD.That10.Isthisthereason________atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?(NMET2002上海春)A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained11.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut________hesaidit.(NMET2004湖北卷)A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich12.Itiseasytodotherepair.________youneedisahammerandsomenails.(NMET2004天津卷)A.SomethingB.AllC.BothD.Everything13.That'sanunpleasantthingtosayaboutyourfatherafter________he'sdoneforyou.(NMET2004全国卷)A.somethingB.anythingC.allD.that三、在感官动词或短语中(如:在see，watch，hear，feel，observe，notice，listento等感官动词或短语及make，have，let等使役动词之后的"宾语+不定式作宾语补足语"结构中，不定式前省略to；有时为了避免重复，常省略与上文表达相同意思的不定式符号to之后的内容，只保留不定式符号；不定式在tell，ask，advise，wish，permit，force等动词后面作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to；不定式在happy，glad，eager，ready，willing等形容词后面作状语时，可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to。)14.Asyou'veneverbeentherebefore,I'llhavesomeone________youtheway.(MET1990上海卷)A.toshowB.showC.showingD.showed15.-I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?-Notatall,________.(NMET1995)A.IhavenotimeB.I'drathernotC.I'dlikeitD.I'dbehappyto16.-DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGerman?-Yes,heintends________.(NMET1998上海卷)A./B.toC.soD.that17.-WouldyouliketogototheGrandTheatrewithmetonight?-________.(NMET1999上海卷)A.Yes,I'dliketogototheGrandTheatreB.I'dliketo,butIhaveanexamtomorrowC.No,Iwon'tD.That'sright18.-Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.-Imeant________,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tfindheranywhere.(NMET2000北京春招卷)A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingto四、在if引导的虚拟条件句中19.________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.(NMET1994上海卷)A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will20.________forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.(NMET1995上海卷)A.IfitisnotB.WereC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot五、在否定结构中21.Iwillknowwhatwasonhismindatthetime,norwill________.(NMET2004江苏卷)A.anyoneB.anyoneelseC.nooneD.nooneelse22.Ofthemakingofgoodbooksthereisnoend;neither________anyendtotheirinfluenceonman'slives.(NMET2004广东卷)A.thereisB.thereareC.isthereD.arethere23.-Iwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!-________.(NMET2004全国卷III)A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldIC.SamewithmeD.SodoI

诊断练习：1.Doyouhappentohavetwentydollarsonyou?________?Iwanttobuyareferencebook.A.WantthemoneyB.WhattodoC.WhatforD.Howmuch2.Whatkindoffoodwouldyouliketohave?________butJapanese.HowaboutKorean,then?A.AnythingB.SomethingC.EverythingD.Nothing3.Whydidn'tyougotothecinemayester-day?I________,butmywifereturnedfromFrancethemomentIwasleaving.A.wasgoingtoB.willC.didD.had4.-Goodbye!I'mglad_______you.-________,too.A.tosee;IB.tohaveseen;MeC.tobeseen;MeD.seeing;I5.________wemovethepictureoverthere?Doyouthinkit'lllookbetter?A.WhataboutB.HowfarC.WhatifD.Howcome6.Theriverissmoothwhere________.A.deeplyB.deepC.tobedeepD.run7.MayI