英语语法中的专业术语的翻译

词类partsofspeech第一页第二页，共29页。实词notionalwordnounpronounverbadjectiveadverbnumeral虚词formwordarticleprepositionconjunctioninterjection第二页第三页，共29页。名词noun缩写n.☆普通名词commonnoun(集体名词collectivenoun/个体名词individualnoun

物质名词materialnoun/抽象名词abstractnoun)☆专有名词propernoun☆可数名词countablenoun

不可数名词uncountablenoun☆单数singularnumber

复数pluralnumber☆名词的格caseofnoun

主格nominativecase

宾格objectivecase

所有格possessivecase

名词所有格

thepossessivecaseofnouns第三页第四页，共29页。☆冠词article缩写art.定冠词definitearticle

不定冠词indefinitearticle☆数词numeral

缩写num.基数词cardinalnumeral

序数词ordinalnumeral第四页第五页，共29页。连词conjunction缩写conj.☆并列连词coordinatingconjunction

从属连词subordinatingconjunction☆简单连词simpleconjunction☆关连连词correlativeconjunction☆分词连词participleconjunction☆短语连词phrasalconjunction感叹词interjection缩写int.第五页第六页，共29页。代词pronoun缩写pron.☆人称代词personalpronoun☆物主代词possessivepronoun

nominalpossessivepronoun名词性物主代词

adjectialpossessivepronoun形容词性物主代词☆反身代词

reflexivepronoun☆相互代词reciprocalpronouneg:eachother☆指示代词demonstrativepronoun☆疑问代词interrogativepronoun☆关系代词relativepronoun☆不定代词indefinitepronouneg:somesomething……第六页第七页，共29页。介词preposition缩写prep.☆简单介词simplepreposition☆复合介词compoundpreposition☆二重介词doublepreposition☆短语介词phrasalpreposition☆分词介词participlepreposition☆介词短语prepositionalphrase第七页第八页，共29页。形容词adjective缩写adj.☆比较等级degreesofcomparison☆原级positivedegree☆比较级comparativedegree☆最高级superlativedegree第八页第九页，共29页。副词adverb缩写adv.频度副词adverboffrenquency方式副词adverbofmanner时间副词adverboftime地点副词adverbofplace程度副词adverbofdegree疑问副词interrogative

adverb关系副词relativeadverb连接副词conjunctiveadverb第九页第十页，共29页。动词verb//缩写v.☆限定动词finiteverb非限定动词non-finiteformsoftheverb(动词不定式infinitive/动名词gerund/‘dʒerənd//分词participle/现在分词present

participle过去分词pastparticiple独立结构absoluteconstruction)☆实义动词notionalverb连系动词linkverb

情态动词modalverb助动词auxiliaryverb

使役动词

causativeverb感官动词

verbofsenses

动态动词

eventverb静态动词

stateverb☆及物动词transitiveverb不及物动词intransitiveverb☆规则动词regularverb

不规则动词irregularverb

☆动词短语phrasalverb第十页第十一页，共29页。动词的基本形式principalformsoftheverb动词原形baseformoftheverb过去式pasttenseform

动词regularverb不规则动词irregularverb过去分词pastparticiple现在分词presentparticiple

时态tense形式

form单数形式

singularform复数形式

pluralform限定动词

finiteverbform非限定动词

non-finiteverbform第十一页第十二页，共29页。句子sentence第十二页第十三页，共29页。句子成分membersofthesentence☆主语subject同位语appositive☆谓语predicate['predikit]

谓语动词predicateverb☆表语predicative['predikeitiv]定语attribute宾语objective双宾语

dualobject直接宾语

directobject间接宾语

indirectobject复合宾语

complexobject同源宾语

cognateobject☆状语adverbial插入语parenthesis☆补语complement

主语补足语subject

complement

宾语补足语objectcomplement

句子的独立成分independentelementsofthesentence第十三页第十四页，共29页。句子的分类classificationofthesentence简单句

simplesentence并列句

compoundsentence复合句

complexsentence并列复合句

compoundcomplexsentence陈述句

declarativesentence(肯定positivesentence

否定negativesentence)祈使句

imperativesentence感叹句

exclamatorysentence疑问句interrogativesentence一般疑问句

generalquestion特殊疑问句

specialquestion选择疑问句

alternativequestion反义疑问句

disjunctivequestion附加疑问句

tagquestion修辞疑问句

rhetoricalquestion感叹疑问句

exclamatoryquestion存在句

existentialsentence省略句

ellipticalsentence基本句型

basicsentencepattern第十四页第十五页，共29页。并列句和复合句compoundsentenceandcomplexsentence关联词connective从句clause从属句subordinateclause并列句

coordinateclause☆名词从句nominalclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectiveclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句oppositiveclause☆定语从句attributiveclause限制性定语从句restrictiveattributiveClause非限制性定语从句non-restrictiveattributiveClause

第十五页第十六页，共29页。

状语从句adverbialclause时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose方式状语从句adverbialclausemanner让步状语从句adverbialclauseconcession程度状语从句adverbialclausedegree比较状语从句adverbialclausecomparison真实条件状语从句

adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真实条件状语从句

adverbialclauseofunrealcondition含蓄条件句

adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition错综条件句

adverbialclauseofmixedcondition第十六页第十七页，共29页。句法关系

syntacticrelationship并列

coordinate

从属

subordination修饰modification前置修饰

pre-modification

后置修饰

post-modification限制

restriction双重限制

double-restriction

非限制

non-restriction数

number单数形式

singularform复数形式

pluralform规则形式

regularform不规则形式

irregularform第十七页第十八页，共29页。格case普通格

commoncase所有格

possessivecase主格nominativecase宾格objectivecase性gender阳性

masculine

阴性

feminine通性

common

中性

neuter人称

person第一人称

firstperson第二人称

secondperson第三人称

thirdperson第十八页第十九页，共29页。时态tense第十九页第二十页，共29页。时态tense☆时间time☆方面aspect☆一般时态simple

tense

一般现在时simple

presenttense

一般过去时simplepasttense

一般将来时simplefuturetense

一般过去将来时simplepastfuturetense☆进行时态progressivetense

现在进行时presentprogressivetense

过去进行时pastprogressivetense

将来进行时futureprogressivetense

过去将来进行时pastfutureprogressivetense第二十页第二十一页，共29页。☆完成时态perfecttense

现在完成时presentperfecttense

过去完成时pastperfecttense

将来完成时futureperfecttense☆完成进行时态perfectprogressivetense

过去将来完成时pastfutureperfecttense

现在完成进行时presentperfectprogressivetense

过去完成进行时pastperfectprogressivetense☆时态一致sequenceoftenses第二十一页第二十二页，共29页。☆语态voice主动语态activevoice被动语态passivevoice☆语气mood陈述语气indicativemood祈使语气imperativemood虚拟语气subjunctivemood☆否定negation否定范围

scopeofnegation全部否定

fullnegation局部否定

partialnegation转移否定

shiftofnegation第二十二页第二十三页，共29页。☆语序order自然语序

naturalorder倒装语序

inversion全部倒装

fullinversion部分倒装

partialinversion直接引语

directspeech间接引语

indirectspeech自由直接引语

freedirectspeech自由间接引语

freeindirectspeech第二十三页第二十四页，共29页。☆一致agreement主谓一致

subject-predicateagreement语法一致

grammaticalagreement概念一致

notionalagreement就近原则

principleofproximity强调

emphasis重复

repetition语音

pronunciation语调

tone升调

risingtone降调

fallingtone降升调

falling-risingtone第二十四页第二十五页，共29页。☆词法morphology☆句法syntax☆词序wordorder☆形式主语formalsubject☆形式宾语formalobject☆省略ellipsis☆倒装inversion部分倒装partialInversion☆句子分析sentenceanalysis☆名词短语nounphrase☆代词短语pronominalphrase☆形容词短语adjectivalphrase☆动词短语verbphrase☆副词短语adverbialphrase第二十五页第二十六页，共29页。169.PartialInversion部分倒装17