《畅学英语阅读教程2》 课件 Unit 7 Pollution、Unit 8 Life and Success

PollutionUnit7ENJOYINGENGLISHREADINGBookOne2cussionUnit7Pollution1TextA

Warming-upNewWords2TextBReadingthroughGroupDiscussionWarming-upNewWordsWarming-upNewWordsGroupDiscussionQuotesReadingthroughWarmingupNewWordsTextA1.Whatiscalledpollution?Andhowmanyformsofpollutiondoyouknow?Withthedevelopmentofmodernagricultureandindustry,moreandmorewasteisproduced.Muchofthiswasteisharmful,anditmaydogreatharmtothethingsaroundus.Thisiscalledpollution.Well,asIknow,therearemanydifferentformsofpollution,suchasairpollution,waterpollution,noisepollution,lightpollution,soilpollution,etc..TextAWarmingupNewWordsTextA2.Whatarethesourcesofpollution?Andwhateffectsdoespollutionhaveontheearth?Pollutioncanbearesultofnaturaldisasterssuchasearthquakesandforestfires,anditismostlycausedbyhumanactivity.Forinstance,airmainlycomesfromfactoriesandcars,andwaterpollutionismainlycausedbywaste.PollutionaffectstheEarth’sland,air,andwaterbyreleasingpollutantsintheair,water,andland.Thesepollutantsnotonlygiveoffbadsmells,produceacidrainandpollutesoilandgroundwaterandreducefarmingland,butalsocauseanimalstolosetheirhomes,killanimalsandplantsandevencausepeopletogetsickandsoon.TextANewWordsReadingthroughTextAinhabitedextinctmarineentanglecoraltoxictunarustybustcontaminatedallergicsustainablebrewerydisposable

TextANewWordsReadingthroughTextAmakeupdieoutinlargepartpickupturnsth.arounddoone’spartTextANewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA1.

inhabited[ɪnˈhæbɪtɪd]

adj.（地方）有人居住的，有住户的e.g.

Thebuildingisnowinhabitedbybirds.这所建筑物现在有鸟儿栖息。

2.extinct[ɪkˈstɪŋkt]adj.灭绝的

e.g.

HerbalismhadbecomeanallbutextinctskillintheWesternworld.草药医术在西方已经成了一门几乎绝迹的技艺。Itis250yearssincethewolfbecameextinctinBritain.狼在英国已经灭绝250年了。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA3.marine[məˈriːn]adj.海洋的

e.g.Pollutioncanharmmarinelife.污染会危及海洋生物。4.entangle[ɪnˈtæŋɡl]vt.（用绳、网等）缠住

e.g.Thebirdhadbecomeentangledinthewirenetting.那只小鸟被铁丝网缠住了。

5.coral[ˈkɒrəl]n.珊瑚

e.g.Oilspillsarehavingadevastatingeffectoncoralreefsintheocean.海上溢油对海洋里的珊瑚礁有着毁灭性影响。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA6.toxic[ˈtɒksɪk]adj.有毒的

e.g.

Theriverhasbeenpollutedwithtoxicwastefromlocalfactories.当地工厂排放的有毒废弃物污染了这条河。

7.tuna[ˈtjuːnə]n.金枪鱼

e.g.Theycannotpoachtunafromourwaters.他们不可以在我们的海域捕捞金枪鱼。

8.rusty[ˈrʌsti]adj.生锈的

e.g.Wespentyearstravellingaroundinarustyoldvan.我们多年来都开着一辆生锈的旧货车四处旅行。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA9.bust[bʌst]vt.打烂；打碎

e.g.Theywillhavetobustthedoortogethimout.他们将不得不撞破门把他弄出来。10.contaminated[kənˈtæmɪneɪtɪd]adj.（水、食物等）被污染的

e.g.Fromhere,contaminatedairradiatesouttotheopencountryside.被污染的空气从这里扩散到开阔的乡村地区。11.allergic[əˈlɜːdʒɪk]adj.过敏的

e.g.Manypeopleareallergictoairbornepollutantssuchaspollen.许多人对空气传播的污染物过敏，比如花粉。12.sustainable[səˈsteɪnəbl]

adj.可持续的

e.g.TheprotectionoftheYellowRiveriscriticaltothegreatrejuvenationandsustainabledevelopmentoftheChinesenation.保护黄河是事关中华民族伟大复兴和永续发展的千秋大计，NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA13.brewery[ˈbruːəri]n.啤酒厂

e.g.Thebeerisbrewedinthetime-honouredwayatthebrewery.这家酒厂以传统酿制方式酿造啤酒。14.disposable[dɪˈspəʊzəbl]adj.一次性的

e.g.Companiesproducethousandsofdifferentkindsofdisposableproducts.公司生产成千上万种一次性产品。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA1.makeup组成；构成e.g.NorthAfricansmakeupthelargestimmigrantgroupinthecountry.北非人构成了该国最大的的移民群。2.dieout灭绝e.g.Asaresult,theseendangeredanimalsmayevendieout.结果，这些濒临危险的动物可能会灭绝。3.inlargepart在很大程度上e.g.Theirsuccessisdueinlargeparttotheirdetermination.他们的成功在很大程度上应归功于他们的决心。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA。4.pickup染上（疾病）

e.g.They’vepickedupareallynastyinfectionfromsomethingthey’veeaten.他们因吃错东西而得了很严重的感染症。5.turnsth.around使好转；使扭转e.g.Turningthecompanyaroundwon’tbeeasy.盘活那家公司绝非易事。6.doone’spart尽一份力量e.g.YoudoyourpartandIshalldotherest.你尽自己的职责，其他的我来做。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextAReadthetextquicklyandcompletethetask:analysethestructure.StructureMainidea:Theauthorelaboratesindetailwhythebenefitofreducingwasteisthatfewerspecieswouldbecomeextinctbecauseofmarinepollution.Mainidea:

Theauthorpointsoutthatthepresenttrendcanbeturnedaroundandcallsonpeopletodotheirpartstoprotectoceansfrombeingpolluted.Mainidea:Oceansarehomestocountlessspeciesandtheirhomeshavebeenaffectedbypollution.PartII:Para.3-9PartIII:Para.10-11PartI:Para.1-2TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextAOurOceansNeedYourHelp1Doyouknowthatoceanandseawatermakeupover97%ofallEarth’swater?It’strue.Twopercentisfoundinourfrozenicecaps,andtheotherlessthanonepercentismadeupofrainwater,lakes,ponds,andwaterintheatmosphere.Additionally,oceansrepresentalmost99%ofthelivable,inhabitedspaceontheEarthandarehometocountlessspecies,manyofwhichscientistshaveyettodiscover.

我们的海洋需要你的帮助

你知道吗？海洋和海水几乎占地球总水量的97%，这是真的。2%存在于冰冻的冰盖中，另1%由雨水、湖泊、池塘和大气中的水组成。此外，海洋几乎占据了地球上99%的宜居、有人居住的空间，它是无数动植物物种的家园，其中的许多物种尚有待于科学家去发现。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA2However,thesespeciesarerapidlydyingout,dueinlargeparttotheextensivepollutionfillingtheocean’sdepths.OvertwothirdsofthenorthernsectionoftheGreatBarrierReefhasdiedinthelastdecade,andmanyofthespeciesthatmaketheirhomestherehavebeenaffected,aswell.

然而，这些物种正在迅速地灭绝，这在很大程度上是由于海洋深处充满了大量的污染。在过去的十年里，大堡礁北部超过2/3的物种已经死亡，许多在那里安家的物种也受到了影响。

TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA3Becausetheoceanishometosomanydifferentlivingcreatures,oneofthemostobviousbenefitsofreducingwasteisthatfewerspecieswouldbecomeextinctbecauseofthepollution.

由于海洋是众多不同生物的家园，减少废物的一个最明显的好处就是因污染而灭绝的物种会变少。

TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA

根据联合国环境规划署（UNEP）的数据，全世界至少有267种不同的海洋动物受到污染的影响。这可能意味着它们会被袋子、塑料可乐圈或其他垃圾缠住，或者因为吃了海洋中不同的垃圾而死亡。4AccordingtoUNEP,whichistheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme,differentspeciesofmarineanimalsallovertheworldareimpactedbypollution.Thismeansthattheybecomeentangledinbags,plasticCokerings,orothertrashorthattheydiefromeatingdifferenttrashintheocean.TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA5Animalsandcoralreefsarenottheonlythingsthatbenefitfromlesswasteintheoceans;thereareadvantagesforhumans,too.Scientistsareconcernedthattoxicwasteinoceanscanactuallycausecancerinhumans.Howdoesthiswork?Well,ithastodowithsomethingcalled“microplastics.”

动物和珊瑚礁并不是唯一受益于减少海洋废物的东西；人类也从中受益。科学家们担心海洋中的有毒废物实际上会导致人类癌症。这是怎么回事？这和一种叫做“微塑料”的东西有关。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA

微型塑料是长度小于5毫米的塑料薄片。微塑料对海洋生物危害极大。这些微塑料经常被诸如金枪鱼、鲑鱼和其他人类经常食用的鱼类吞入体内。然后，当人类食用这些鱼时，他们也会食用微塑料，一些科学家认为微塑料会致癌。

6Microplasticsaretinypiecesofplasticlessthanfivemillimetersinlengthandtheyareextremelyharmfultooceanlife.Thesemicroplasticsareoftenswallowedbyfishsuchastuna,salmon,andotherfishthathumansregularlyeat.Then,whenhumansconsumethesefish,theyalsoconsumethemicroplastics,whichsomescientistsbelievecancausecancer.TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA7Therearesimplethingsyoucandotohelppreventtheseproblems.Insteadofbuyinglargepackagesofplasticwaterbottles,usereusablewaterbottlesmadefromwashableandreusablematerials.Furthermore,whenyougoshopping,takereusablegrocerybagswithyouinsteadofusingplasticbagsthatgostraightintothetrashwhenyougethome.

你可以做一些简单的事情来预防这些问题。与其购买大包装的塑料水瓶，不如使用由铝或其他可清洗和可重复使用的材料制成的可重复使用的水瓶。此外，当你去杂货店购物时，随身携带可重复使用的购物袋，而不是使用回到家就直接扔进垃圾桶的塑料袋。

TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA8Thepotentialforhumaninjuryisanothernegativeimpactofoceandumping.Oneofthemostpopularvacationspotsaroundtheworldisthebeach.Therearebeachesinjustabouteverycountryintheworld,andpeoplelovetovisitthem.However,whenpeopledumptheirtrashintheocean,eventuallythattrashmakesittotheshoreandtheshallower,shore-sidepartsoftheocean.

造成人身伤害的可能性是海洋倾倒垃圾的另一个负面影响。世界上最受欢迎的度假胜地之一是海滩。世界上几乎每个国家都有海滩，人们都喜欢去那里参观。然而，当人们把垃圾倾倒在海洋中时，垃圾最终会到达海岸和海洋较浅的岸边。

TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextATextA9Peoplecaninjurethemselvesbysteppingonbrokenglassbottles,rustynails,bitsofmetal,andsharpedgesofbustedaluminumcans.Thisisparticularlydangerousintheshallowpartsoftheoceanbecausethewaterhidestheseitemsfromviewandmakesthemnearlyimpossibletosee.Furthermore,theseitemscanpickupallkindsoftoxins,andcuttingoneselfonthecontaminateditemscancauseallergicreactionsandmoreseriousmedicalillnesses.

人们踩在碎的玻璃瓶、生锈的钉子、金属碎片以及破铝罐的锋利边缘，可能会伤到自己。这在海洋的浅水区尤其危险，因为海水把这些东西隐藏起来，使它们几乎不能被看到。而且，这些物品会吸收各种毒素，在被污染的物品上割伤自己会引起过敏反应和更严重的医学疾病。

ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA10Canweturnitaround?WithallthepollutionintheoceanstodayandplaceslikeGarbageIslandexistingindifferentpartsoftheworld,itseemsalmostimpossibletoturnthistrendaroundandchangeanything.However,itcanbedone.Environmentally-friendlycompaniesareworkingoncreatingmoresustainableitems.Forinstance,thereisabrewerythatismakingtheirplasticringsfortheirsixpacksoutofediblematerialsthataresafeforfishandmarinelifetoeatratherthanharmfulplastic.

由于当今海洋中的所有污染以及世界各地存在的垃圾岛等地方，几乎不可能扭转这一趋势并改变任何事情。然而，这是可以做到的。环保公司正致力于创造更具可持续性的产品。例如，有一家啤酒厂正在用对鱼类和海洋生物安全的食用材料而不是有害的塑料为他们的六个包装制作塑料环。

TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextATextA11However,weallhavetodoourparts,too.Lesspollutionstartsathome.Buyrecyclablematerialsandrecyclethem.Avoidbuyingandusingdisposableplasticinfavorofreusableitems,andifyoureallywanttohelp,volunteertopickuptrashalonganearbybeachorevenaroadnearyourhome.

然而，我们也必须尽自己的一份力量。减少污染始于家庭。购买可回收材料并回收。避免购买和使用可丢弃的塑料来代替可重复使用的物品，如果你真的想帮忙，可以自愿在附近的海滩甚至家附近的道路上捡垃圾，回收你能找到的任何可回收的垃圾。NotesGroupDiscussionTextA1Additionally,oceansrepresentalmost99%ofthelivable,inhabitedspaceontheEarthandarehometocountlessspecies,manyofwhichscientistshaveyettodiscover.(Para.1)此外，海洋几乎代表地球上99%的宜居的居住空间，它是无数物种的家园，其中的许多物种尚有待于科学家去发现。manyofwhichscientistshaveyettodiscover是非限制性定语从句，修饰countlessspecies。在非限制性定语从句中，限定词（如some、none、all、both、many等）可以和ofwhom、ofwhich连用，大多放在前面，但在非正式文体中，有时也可以放在后面。e.g.Theypickedupfiveboatloadsofrefugees,someofwhomhadbeenatseaforseveralmonths.他们救起了五船难民，其中有一些人已经在海上待了好几个月。TextANotesGroupDiscussionTextA

2However,thesespeciesarerapidlydyingout,dueinlargeparttotheextensivepollutionfillingtheocean’sdepths.(Para.2)然而，这些物种正在迅速灭绝，在很大程度上是由于海洋深处的大量污染。fillingtheocean’sdepths是现在分词短语作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。e.g.Alittlechildlearningtowalkoenfalls.学走路的小孩常常摔倒。TextANotesGroupDiscussionTextA3Animalsandcoralreefsarenottheonlythingsthatbenefitfromlesswasteintheoceans;thereareadvantagesforhumans,too.(Para.5)并不是只有动物和珊瑚礁因海洋垃圾减少而受益，人类也从中受益。thatbenefitfromlesswasteintheoceans是限制性定语从句，修饰theonlythings。当先行词被theonly、thevery等修饰时，关系代词只能用that。e.g.ThisistheverybusthatI’mwaitingfor.这正是我在等的公交车。TextANotesGroupDiscussionTextA4Insteadofbuyinglargepackagesofplasticwaterbottles,usereusablewaterbottlesmadefromwashableandreusablematerials.(Para.7)与其购买大包装的塑料水瓶，不如用可清洗、可重复使用的材料制成的可以重复使用的水瓶。madefromwashableandreusablematerials是过去分词短语作定语，相当于一个定语从句。e.g.Thebabyfastenedtothebackseatofthecarwascryingatthetopofhislungs.固定在汽车后座的宝宝哭得声嘶力竭。TextAGroupDiscussionTextA1Whatcanhumanbeingsbenefitfromreducingwasteintheoceans?Sincetheoceanishometosomanydifferentlivingcreatures,forhumanbeings,therearemanybenefitstheycangetfromreducingwaste,andoneofthemostobviousbenefitsofreducingwasteisthatfewerandfewerspecieswouldbecomeextinctbecauseofthepollution,andthiswouldensurethathumanbeingscangetstableseafood,workandevenfinancialresourcesfromtheoceans.TextAGroupDiscussionTextA2Whatistheproperrelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandoceans?Theoceanisthecradleoflife,whichprovidesconditionsforthebirth,evolutionandreproductionoflife.Theoriginoftheoceanandlifearecloselyrelated,andtheevolutionoflivingthingscannotbeseparatedfromtheocean.Theoceanprovidesaseriesofresourcessuchaswind,food,water,tourismandmineralsforhumanbeings,andhumansurvivalanddevelopmentcannotbeseparatedfromtheocean;However,withthedevelopmentoftheoceanbyhumanbeings,thegoodenvironmentcreatedbytheoceanforhumanbeingshasbeenseriouslydamagedbyhumanactivities.Therefore,humanbeingsshouldreasonablydevelopandutilizetheocean,protectmarineresourcesandenvironment,maintainmarineecologicalbalance,constantlystrengthenexchangeswithmarineorganisms,andfinallyachieveharmoniouscoexistencebetweenhumanbeingsandtheocean.TextAGroupDiscussionTextA3Giveyourpointofviewonhowtodoyourpartinprotectingthemarineecosystem.TextAAsforprotectingthemarineecosystem,weallhavetodoourparts.Weshouldtryourbesttodothefollowing:Firstly,lesspollutionstartsathome.Secondly,buyrecyclablematerialsandrecyclethem.Thirdly,avoidbuyingandusingdisposableplasticinfavorofreusableitems.Andfinally,volunteertopickuptrashandrecycleanyrecyclabletrashthatwecanfind.WarmingupNewWordsTextA1.Whatdoyouknowaboutlightpollution?

AsfarasIknow,lightpollutionisunwantedorexcessiveartificiallight.Likenoisepollution,lightpollutionisaformofwasteenergythatcancauseadverseeffectsanddegradeenvironmentalquality.Moreover,becauselightistypicallygeneratedbyelectricity,whichitselfisusuallygeneratedbythecombustionoffossilfuels,itcanbesaidthatthereisaconnectionbetweenlightpollutionandairpollution.Controloflightpollutionthereforewillhelptoconservefuel(andmoney)andreduceairpollutionaswellasmitigatethemoreimmediateproblemscausedbytheexcessivelight.TextBWarmingupNewWordsTextA2.Whatarethesourcesoflightpollution?

Sourcesoflightpollutionincludeelectronicbillboards,nightsportsgrounds,streetandcarlights,cityparks,publicplaces,airports,andresidentialareas.TextBNewWordsReadingthroughTextBstargazinghazeadverse

hormone

illuminatedimmotionsensorreclaimlookupblockoutfightfortakeastep/stepstodosth.TextBNewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB1.stargazing[ˈstɑːɡeɪzɪŋ]

n.观星；星辰凝望

e.g.Thegrasslandhassomeofthemostidealconditionsforstargazing.这片草原拥有最适合遥望星空的环境。2.haze[heɪz]n.烟雾；霾

e.g.Thesunsmoulderedthroughathinsummerhaze.太阳透过夏日的薄雾散发着苍白无力的光。3.

adverse[ˈædvɜːs]adj.不利的

e.g.Thisdrugisknowntohaveadversesideeffects.众所周知，这种药具有不良副作用。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB4.hormone[ˈhɔːməʊn]n.激素

e.g.Manybiologicalprocessesarecontrolledbyhormones.许多生物变化过程都是由激素控制的。5.illuminate[ɪˈluːmɪneɪt]vt.照亮

e.g.Atnightthewholebuildingwasbeautifullyilluminatedbymoonlight.晚上整栋大厦被月光映照得美轮美奂。6.dim[dɪm]v.（使）变暗淡；（使）昏暗

e.g.Thelightofhiscardimmedwhenanothercarwascomingfromtheoppositedirection.当另一辆车从对面开来时，他减弱了他的车灯光线。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB7.motion[ˈməʊʃn]n.运动

e.g.Gravitygovernsthemotionsofcelestialbodies.万有引力控制着天体的运动。8.sensor[ˈsensə(r)]n.传感器

e.g.Asensorchannelsthelightsignalalonganopticalfibre.传感器沿光导纤维输送光信号。9.reclaim[rɪˈkleɪm]vt.恢复

e.g.In1986,theygottherighttoreclaimSouthAfricancitizenship.1986年，他们取得了恢复南非公民身份的权利。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB1.lookup仰望

e.g.Lookupattheskyandyouseestars.仰望星空，你会看到繁星点点。2.blockout阻挡

e.g.Effectivelistenersdon'tblockoutnegativecriticism.有效的倾听者不阻止负面的批评。3.fightfor为……而奋斗

e.g.Graduateshavetofightforjobsinahighlycompetitivemarket.毕业生不得不在竞争激烈的市场上奋力争取找到工作。

4.takeastep/stepstodosth.采取措施做某事e.g.Wemusttakepositivestepstodealwiththeproblem.我们必须采取积极措施来处理这个问题。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB1Everyonewholoveslookingupatthenightskyknowsonething:Toseethemoststars,getawayfromacity.

每个夜晚喜欢抬头看天空的人都知道：在城市里，大多数的星星已经看不到了。TextBLightPollution:HowMuchLightIsTooMuchReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB2Incities,artificiallightcomesfromstreetlamps,buildings,signsandcars.Allthisunnatural,man-madelightblocksoutanychancetoseethestars.InWashington,D.C.,amannamedJimDoughertyisfightingfordarkerskies.Heandotherswanttoturndownthelightsinthecityandnotjusttoimprovestargazing.Theybelieveadarkernightskyisgoodforthehealthofpeopleandourplanet.

城市中，到处都是街道的灯光、建筑物的灯光以及汽车灯光。所有这些人为造出来灯光阻碍了人们观赏星星。华盛顿特区一位名叫吉姆·多尔蒂的人努力为更黑的夜空争取。他和别人希望能够关掉夜晚城市里的灯，不仅仅为了能够眺望星星。他们认为更黑的夜晚对人体健康和我们的星球有益处。TextBReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB3WhatdoestheEarthlooklikefromspace?TheEarthappearstoshinefromspace.Whatastronautsseeastheycircletheplanetarethelightsfromourcities.Thislightcreatesakindoforangecloudorhazethatkeepsusfromseeingthestars.

从太空中看，地球是个什么样子的？从太空看，地球闪闪发光。宇航员绕地球转时看到的就是城市的灯光。这些灯光会产生一种橘色的云或者一种薄雾让我们无法看到星星。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB4JimisthepresidentoftheInternationalDark-SkyAssociation.Hesaystheorangehazeislightpollution.5“Lightpollutionisoutdoorlightingwhichisnotservingthetaskthatitisdesignedfor.Infactitiseitherwastedor,worse,hasharmful,adverseeffects.”吉姆·多尔蒂是国际黑暗夜空协会的主席，他说这种橘色的薄雾就是光污染。“光污染就是室外的光，当初设计室外的灯是为了照明。实际上太多的灯光有点浪费，甚至有一些负面影响。”TextBReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB6Jimsaystoomuchlightisbadforyourhealth.Studiesfindthattoomuchlightdisturbsoursleep,affectshormonesandislinkedtosomecancers.Hesayslightpollutionisalsobadfortheplanetandmaycauseglobalwarmingandclimatechange.TextB

吉姆·多尔蒂说太多的灯光对健康有害。研究表明太多的灯光打扰我们的睡眠，影响激素，甚至会跟某些癌症有关联。他说光污染对我们的地球也有害，会导致全球变暖和气候变化。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB7Buthowmuchlightistoomuch?ThereisapopularWashingtonneighborhoodcalledCapitolHill,whereroundorglobe-shapedstreetlightsshineinalldirections.Mr.Doughertysaystoomuchlightisbeingproduced.ButsomepeoplewholiveontheCapitolHilldisagree.Theysaythelightingthereisagoodamount,andmakesthemsafeandcomforting.

TextB

光污染对公众安全影响有多少灯才算是很多？多尔蒂去了华盛顿特区附近一个非常受欢迎的地方——国会山。这片区域，各个方向有圆形的街灯闪耀。这片地区产生太多的光污染，但是一些住在国会山的人并不赞同。美国之音的记者罗珊·斯凯博采访了两位晚上偶尔出来散步的人，他们说那里的灯光很多，不是很亮，令他们感到安全和舒适。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB8Jimsaysheunderstandsthatofficialswanttomakethesidewalkssafe.Buthesaysthecitysetuptwotimesthenumberofstreetlampsthanarenecessary,andthelightsarenotdesignedwell.Theysendlightintothesky,whereitisnotneeded.Hesaysthestreetlampsaremoreforlooksthansafety.TextB

吉姆·多尔蒂说他理解华盛顿市的官员想要让人行道安全。但是他说城市街灯的数量超过所需的两倍，而且灯设计也不好，这些等直接将光线传到空中——不需要灯光的地方。这些街灯更多的是为了观赏而不是出于安全的考虑。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB9OntheCapitolHill,Jimandhisteamcometothegroundsofalargeapartmentbuilding.Thegroundsarelitbyacombinationoftraditionallightsthatbrighten,orilluminate,thegroundsandwalls.Therearealsomoremodernlampsthatsendlightdownwardinoneplacewhereitisneeded.TextB

去国会山的参观中，他和记者罗珊·斯凯博去一些大型公寓楼的空地参观。地面上、墙上各种传统的灯饰照明，而且还有更多现代的灯将灯光打到需要的地方。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB10Intherecentpast,theCapitolHillneighborhoodhaditsshareofcrime.Itstillhasreportsofrobbery,homebreak-insandmurder.11Therearesignsofnewlightingonthewidestreets.Jimsaysthatsoonstreetlightswillnotbenecessary.Buthesaysefficientlightingforsidewalksprovidessafetywithoutwastingenergyorcausinglightpollution.TextB

过去一段时间，国会山附近有很多犯罪案件发生，现在还有抢劫、入室盗窃和谋杀案的发生。附近宽阔的街道上有很多新的照明标志。吉姆·多尔蒂说很快街灯就不再需要了，但是他说人美国国会大厦行道有效的照明还是会为路人提供安全，并不会浪费能源或者导致光污染。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB12Withknowledgecomesaction.Heexplainsthatcityofficialsaretakingstepstostopwastefulspendingandprotectpublichealth.13Insomecommunities,theyareadoptingnewtechnologiestodimthelights,afteronea.m.,whenpeopledon’treallyneedthem,sothatisanimportantwaytosave.Therearealsodevelopingtechnologiesnowwhenyoustepintoaparkorwhenyoudriveyourcardownastreet,thelightscomeonbecausetheyhavemotionsensors.Ortheysenseyourcellphone.Theyturnonwhenthereissomeonethereandthentheyturnoff.TextB

随着行动越来越科学，他解释说城市的官员正采取行动停止不必要的花费，保护公众健康。“在一些社区，他们采取新技术可以在凌晨一点后人们不太需要的时候，让灯光黯淡下来。因此这是节省能源和花费的一个重要的方式。他们现在还在研发新技术，当你走进公园或者驾驶车辆在路上时，灯光就会亮，因为这些灯有运动传感器；或者能够感应到你的手机。有人经过的时候灯就会亮，然后就会熄灭。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB14Amotionsensorturnslightsonoroffbydetectingmotion.Motionsensorscanreducelightingby90percentandstillbeeffective.Mr.Doughertyhopesmorecommunitiesuseenergy-savingdeviceslikethis.Hesayshehopesthatinthefuture,wehumanscanreclaimthenightsky.TextB

运动传感器能够检测到运动的物体，让后亮灯或者灭灯。运动传感器可以减少90%的灯光，从而更有效利用能源。多尔蒂希望更多的社区使用节省能源装备。他表示希望在未来，人类能够重新看到夜晚的天空。NotesGroupDiscussionTextB1Theysaythelightingthereisagoodamount,andmakesthemsafeandcomforting.(Para.7)他们说那里的灯光很多，让他们觉得安全舒适。safeandcomforting是形容词短语作them的宾语补足语。e.g.Haveyougoteverythingreadyforthejourney?你准备好旅行要带的所有物品了吗？TextBNotesGroupDiscussionTextB2Buthesaysthecitysetuptwotimesthenumberofstreetlampsthanarenecessary,andthelightsarenotdesignedwell.(Para.8)但是他说城市路灯的数量是所需的两倍，而且路灯设计得也不好。“倍数+比较级+than”也可以写为“倍数+as+原级+as”。e.g.Thisroomisthreetimeslargerthanthatone.Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。TextBNotesGroupDiscussionTextB3Withknowledgecomesaction.Heexplainsthatcityofficialsaretakingstepstostopwastefulspendingandprotectpublichealth.(Para.12)掌握知识后便是行动。他解释说城市的官员正采取措施停止开支浪费，保护公众健康。Withknowledgecomesaction.是介词短语前置构成的倒装句。e.g.Withitwasmingledfar-awaycheering.远处的欢呼声与此融在一起。TextBGroupDiscussionTextB1Howmanyhazardsoflightpollutionarementionedinthetext?

Threehazardsoflightpollutionarementionedinthetext,andtheyareasfollows:1)Toomuchlightisbadforourhealth.Studiesfindthattoomuchlightdisturbsoursleep,affectshormonesandislinkedtosomecancers.2）Lightpollutionisbadfortheplanet.3）Lightpollutionmaycauseglobalwarmingandclimatechange.TextBGroupDiscussionTextB2AccordingtoJimDougherty,howmuchlightistoomuch?TextBAccordingtoJimDougherty,efficientlightingforsidewalksprovidessafetywithoutwastingenergyorcausinglightpollution,butwhenroundorglobe-shapedstreetlightsshineinalldirections,toomuchlightisbeingproducedandthat’swastefulspending,whichmaycauselightpollutionanddoharmtopublichealth.GroupDiscussionTextB3Sincelightpollutiondoesharmtousall,whatstepswillyoutaketoreducelightpollution?TextBIthinkIwilltakethefollowingstepstohelpreducelightpollution:Firstly,I’llusewell-designedlightfixtureswithmodernopticalcontrolstodirectthelightdownward;Secondly,I”llusetheminimumamountofwattagefortheareatobeilluminated;Thirdly,Iwilldomybesttoseeksupportfrommorepeopletocallontherelatednationalandlocalgovernmentagenciestopassandenforceappropriatelight-controllawsandordinancestoreducelightpollution.QuotesTextB➊Oneplanet,oneocean—together,wehavethepowertoprotectthemboth.——

IrinaBokovaTextB

同一个地球，同一片海洋—携手同心，我们有能力将二者一同加以保护。——伊琳娜·博科娃QuotesTextB❷Theimportanceofouroceanstoeverysinglelivingbeingonourplanetcannotbeoverstated.——AntónioGuterres

TextB海洋对地球上每个生物的重要性无论怎么强调也不过分。——安东尼奥·古特雷斯QuotesTextB❸Aslightpollutionspreadsweareslowlylosingoneoftheoldestandmostuniversallinkstoallhumanhistory.——PeterLipscombTextB随着光污染的扩散，我们正慢慢失去与所有人类历史最古老、最普遍的联系之一。——彼得·利普斯科姆Thankyou!LifeandSuccessUnit8ENJOYINGENGLISHREADINGBookTwo2cussionUnit8LifeandSuccess1TextA

Warming-upNewWords2TextBReadingthroughGroupDiscussionWarming-upNewWordsWarming-upNewWordsGroupDiscussionQuotesReadingthroughWarmingupNewWordsTextAAppreciationofMusicTextA1《真心英雄》2“WhenYouBelieve”Question:

Istherea“successpersonality”？WarmingupNewWordsTextA1.Howwouldyoudescribeyourcharacter?competitive

helpful

curioushavestrongself-confidencehaveteamspiritTextAWarmingupNewWordsTextA2.Whatkindoflifedoyouthinkisasuccessfullife?greatwealth

ahighpositiongoodhealth

truefriendshipanicefamilyTextANewWordsReadingthroughTextAcommissiongrueling

efficientknowledgeablepersistentpen