高中英语Unit 1 Great Scientist 课件8

Unit1GreatScientist必修5-1.8Unit1Greatscientists1.Whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?B.ArchimedesC.ThomasEdisonA.CharlesDarwin2.Whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged?A.MarieCurieC.CharlesDarwinB.GregorMendel3.Whoinventthefirststeamengine?A.ThomasNewcomenC.

Thomas

EdisonB.Archimedes4.Whousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren.A.ThomasEdisonC.ArchimedesB.GregorMendel5.Whodiscoveredradium?A.MarieCurieC.NewtonB.ZhangHeng6.Whoinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyinlargecities?A.StephenHawkingC.ThomasEdisonB.Archimedes7.Whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople?A.GregorMendelC.MarieCurieB.LeonardodaVinci

8.Whoinventedalamptokeepminerssafeunderground?A.SirHumphryDavyC.FaradayB.ThomasNewcomen9.Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened?A.CharlesDarwinC.Watt

B.ZhangHeng10.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?A.StephenHawkingC.CopernicusB.ArchimedesSpeakingactivityDiscussingroupsoffour,whichfielddoyouwanttocontributeyourselftointhefuture?Onetakesdownthegroupmates’opinions,afterthat,reportthegroupmates’opinionstothewholeclass.Speaking(3m)基础知识自测一、单词拼写根据读音、词性和词义写出单词。1.___________n.柄；把手v.处理2.___________vt.宣告；通知3._____________adv.立即；马上4.___________vt.&vi.结束；推断出5.___________vt.&vi.重复；重做6.___________n.治愈；痊愈vt.痊愈7.___________vt.暴露；揭露8.___________n.看法，见解；景色9.___________n.增加；加10.___________adv.&adj.向后地handleannounceimmediatelyconcluderepeatcureexposeviewadditionbackward11.__________adj.严格的，严密的12.__________vt.拒绝13.__________v.责备；谴责n.过失；责备14.__________adj.完成的vt.完成，结束15.__________vt.&n.控制；支配16.__________n.病毒17.__________v.看护；照料；出席；参加18.__________n.发动机；引擎19.__________vt.击败；战胜n.失败20.__________vt.通知；指示；教导instructstrictrejectblamecompletecontrolvirusattendenginedefeat二、单词运用根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.Wilson__________Jasonbyaboutameterandwontheraceatlast.2.Keepindoorsanddon’t__________yourskintothesun,oryou’llgetsunburned.3.TheotherdayHenrylost__________ofhimselfandhithiswife,butlaterhemadeanapologytoher.4.Afterthinkinglonghardaboutit,we’vec__________thattherightdecisionistomovetoChicago.5.Bya__________thepartsofthesentencewecanlearnmoreaboutEnglishgrammar.defeatedexposecontrolconcludeanalysing6.Thec_______________Ilikebestinherishermodestyandkindness.7.A__________inherpapers,shedidn’tnoticemycoming.8.Theresultofthisexaminationwillbe____________(宣布)tomorrow.9.Apart__________theconstructionmentionedabove,youhavealsolearnedthefollowingphrases.10.Althoughhehadtriedtoignorethem,allhismathematicalcalculationsled__________thesameconclusion:thattheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem.tocharacteristicAbsorbedannouncedfrom三、词语派生用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.Thenewswasso____________(inspire)thatallofuswere___________(inspire).2.Wemustpreventthewaterfrom_________________(pollute).3.Weshouldstudyhardandbereadytomakegreater______________(contribute)toourcountryinthefuture.4.Hedidnotshowany________________(enthusiastic)forournewplans.5.TheMay4th______________(move)of1919isveryimportantinthehistoryofChina.inspiringinspiredbeingpollutedcontributionsenthusiasmMovement6.Therewasalarge______________(attend)atthemeeting.7.Thereusedtobeakindofwhatwascalled“literatureof_____________(expose)”inthe1980’sinChina.8.Thearrivalofcanalswasofgreat_____________(valuable)tomanyindustries.9.Heisverycautiousaboutcommittinghimselftoanythingwhilehisbrotherisvery____________(cautious).10.Hetookastepbackwardinordertotakethreesteps___________(backward).attendanceexposurevalueincautiousforward四、词语互译将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。1._______________蒸汽机2.______________提出3._________________________得出结论4.______________也；另外5.______________将……和……连接起来6.______________除……之外；此外7.______________对……严格8.______________通向；导致9.______________有意义；说得通steamengineputforwarddraw/makeaconclusioninadditionlink…to…apartfrom(be)strictwithleadtomakesense10.pointofview______________________11.curesb.ofadisease__________________12.attend(on)sb._______________________13.makeup_________________________14.theway_________________________15.cometoanend______________________16.takeup__________________________17.knowabout_______________________18.lookinto_________________________态度；观点治愈某人疾病看护/照料某人和解；化妆/装；虚构（故事等）道路；方法；程度结束；完成开始从事；占据知道；了解调查；研究五、词组运用词组填空根据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选出一个适当的词组并用其适当的形式填空。1.Severalimportantplans

________________atyesterday’smeeting.2._____________,thechildrenweretaughthowtoplaythepiano.3.Differencesofopinion

_______heateddiscussion.4.Thankyouverymuchfortheinformation,SirandI’llgetoneofourdetectivesto

__________thematter.wereputforwardInadditionledtolookinto翻译填空根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选出一个恰当的词组完成句子。5.在经过了长期的繁荣之后，这个家族最终走向灭亡。Afteralongperiodofprosperity,thefamily_____________________.6.除了沉溺于电脑游戏，他似乎无事可做。______________hisbeingaddictedtothecomputergames,heseemstohavenothingtodo.7.这段不知所云的文章读起来很费劲。Theparagraphwhichdoesn’t

___________ishardtoread.cametoanendApartfrommakesense句子翻译从上述短语中选出一个恰当的短语翻译下列句子。8.你在国外时，是哪些好心人在照料你呀？_____________________________________________________________________________________________?9.他擅长编故事。____________________________________________.10.五十岁时，他开始从事一门新的职业，对于这个职业他一直梦寐以求。_______________________________________________________________________________________________.Hebegantotakeupanewcareerattheageoffifty,whichhehadbeendreamingof.Whichkindpeoplewereattending(on)youwhenyouwereabroad?Heisgoodatmakingupstories.六、语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个恰当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。JohnSnowwas31__________well-knowndoctorinLondonin32__________19thcentury.Hewantedtofindthecauseofcholerainordertocontrol33

______.In1854whenacholerabrokeout,hebegantogatherinformation.Hemarkedonamapwhereallthe34__________(die)peoplehadlived35__________hefoundthatmanypeople36_____________haddrunkthedirtywaterfromthewaterpumpdied.Sohedecidedthatthe37___________(pollute)watercarriedcholera.Hesuggestedthatthesourceofallwatersupply38________________examinedandnewmethods39__________dealingwithpollutedwaterbefound.Finally,“KingCholera”was40_____________(defeat).atheitdeadandwho/thatpolluted(should)beofdefeatedGrammar一、过去分词作定语1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。

eg：alostanimal

一只迷路的动物

ausedstamp

一枚用过的邮票

aninjuredfinger一个受伤的手指abrokencoin一枚破损的硬币

alightedcandle一支点燃的蜡烛

注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。

e.g.：spokenEnglish

英语口语

writtenexercises书面练习少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义fallenleaves落叶therisensun升起来的太阳theadvancedcountries发达国家

drunkenman一个醉鬼areturnedstudent一名留学生

aretiredteacher一名退休教师anescapedprisoner一名逃跑的囚犯

by-gonedays过去的岁月2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和／或完成意义。

e.g.：HowIregrettedthehourswastedinthewoods!我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊Ilikewearingclothesmadeofthiskindofcloth．我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。e.g.：ThebookswrittenbyLuXunarepopular．鲁迅写的书很受欢迎We’llgotovisitthebridgebuilthundredsofyearsago．

我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。Practice:ChangethefollowingPastParticipleintoclauses.（1）Hetoldusofthegreatwrongdonetohim.=Hetoldusofthegreatwrong__________________tohim.

whichhadbeendone注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。（2）TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.=TheUnitedStatedisacountry______________________.whichhasdeveloped注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。（3）Haveyounoticedthebridgebeingbuiltthere?=Haveyounoticedthebridge______________________there?whichisbeingbuilt注：本句中的过去分词作定语，表示被动的动作正在进行。二、过去分词作表语1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。e.g.：Everyonepresentisveryinspiredathisspeech．听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。Youseemfrightened.你似乎受了惊吓。2、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示动作的承受者。

e.g.：Thisshopisnowclosed．这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态)Thisshopisclosedat6pmeveryday．这家商店每天6点关门。(动作）

Practice:

Completethesentencesusingthepastparticipleasthepredicative.1.丢了钱他自责不已。He______________aboutlosingthemoney.2、你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？Whydoyoualways_______________?Doyousleepwellthesedays?3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。I_____________________thefilmIsawlastnight,Ihadexpectedittobebetter.gotblamedlooksotiredwasdisappointedwith4.听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。Everybody____________tohearthedeathofthefamousfilmstar．5.要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。Thechildren______________________goingtothezoo．6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒.Hiswound___________________anewvirus．wasshockedarereallyexcitedaboutbecameinfectedwithLindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,______as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown高考链接B解析：答案B。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，3M与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。2.Thedisc,digitally________inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded高考链接A解析：答案A。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，disc与record之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。3.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases_______onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known高考链接D解析：答案D。know与words，expressions，phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。4.Theflowers_______sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt高考链接B解析：答案B。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/thatsmellssweet。LanguageDataBankLanguagepointsforReadingILanguagepointsforReadingII1.JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondonsofamous,indeedthatheattendedQueenVictoriatoeasethebirthofherbabies.约翰.斯诺曾经是一位著名的医生他的确太富盛名了,以至于维多利亚女王生孩子时都是他去照料,帮助她顺利分娩.attendv.(1)totakecare;giveattention

注意,留意.如:We’llattendtothesolutionofthatproblemlater.LanguagepointsforreadingI(2)totakegoodcareof(asickperson,forexample)照看,照料.如:医生照看病人.Thedoctorattendedthepatients.(3)tobepresentat

出席,到场.如:attendschool

上学attendalecture

听讲座attendchurch

去教堂attend(at)awedding

出席婚礼2.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.exposedtocholera

在句子中是过去分词用作后置定语,表示被动.意为“患霍乱的”.如:ThebookwrittenbyLuXunisverypopular.鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的.昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生.ThemanseenbyusyesterdayisProfessorSmith.发散思维：exposedadj.

暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的exposednessn.

暴露，显露开放思维:

exposeto

使易受，使受

exposesthtothelightofday

把某事暴露于光天化日之下exposeafraud揭穿骗局3.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.everytime

在这里是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”e.g.EverytimeImeethim,Ialwaysthinkofthethingshappenedbetweenus.每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。注意:

immediately,themoment,directly,instantly

等与

everytime一样，都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一…..就”。如：IwillgivethelettertohimimmediatelyIseehim.我一见到他就把这封信给他。IcamedirectlyIgotyourletter.我一接到你的信就来了。4.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.absorb…..into

吸收如：e.g.Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。absorbv.

(1)吸收（液体）；承受；承担.如:(2)tooccupythefullattention,interest,ortimeof;engross

吸引；使专心；使全神贯注如:我们不能承担这些费用。作家全神贯注的进行写作，忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰.Thewriterwassoabsorbedinhiswritingthatheforgottoflicktheashesfromhiscigar.We’llnotabsorbthesecharges.他发现在两条街道上霍乱流行的特别厉害，在十天之内就死去了五百多人。5.Hefoundthatintwoparticularstreets,thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplehaddiedin10days.severev.(1)unsparingorharsh,asintreatmentofothers;strict

严厉的；苛刻的；严格的.如:Theseveretrainerhasgoneabroad.Youcanbreathefreelyagain.(2)causingsharpdiscomfortordistress;extremelyviolentorintense;veryserious.

剧痛的，剧烈的，严重的，难熬的如:asevereattackoftoothache.要求苛严的教官已经出国.你可以完全放心。牙痛的剧烈发作。这张地图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。6.Themapgaveavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.valuable(1)adj.worthofalotofmoney值钱的，贵重的如：Thewatchisvaluable.

这表很值钱。avaluablediamond.

贵重的钻石。(2)adj.havinggreatusefulnessorvalue如:valuableinformation(3)n.

(常用复数形式)sththatworthalotofmoney.

如:Cathykepthervaluablesinasafe.重大的消息凯西把她的贵重物品藏在保险箱里.7.Itseemedthewaterwastoblame.看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。be+动词不定式，可以表示该做或不该做的事情，相当于must,should,oughtto

等。如：Nooneistoleave

thisbuildingwithoutthepermissionofthepolice.没有警察的允许谁也不准离开这栋楼。Youarenottodrop

litterinthepark.公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。8.Next,JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.其次，约翰.斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。lookinto

看…...里面；toinvestigate

检查；了解。如：We’lllookintothismattertogether.我们将一起调查这个问题。开放思维：lookon观看，面向，旁观，看待lookout面朝，留神，照料lookover从上面看，察看，检查lookaround环顾，观光，察看lookthrough看穿，审核，浏览，温习lookupanddown仔细打量，到处寻找lookafter寻求，照顾，关心9.Inaddition,hefoundtwootherdeathsinanotherpartsofLondonthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.除此之外，他发现在伦敦的另一个地方有两个死亡的病例与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联。inadditionadv.aswellas

另外如：Inaddition,thecoursealsoproducespracticalexperience.此外这门功课还提供了实践的基础。link…to...

把…与…连接；联系如：Fingerprintslinkedthesuspecttoth