The Legal 500中国地区《国际贸易国别比较指南》-竞天公诚-王建霖、叶晓岚律师

COUNTRY

COMPARATIVE

GUIDES2023

TheLegal500

CountryComparativeGuides

China

INTERNATIONALTRADE

Contributor

Jingtian&Gongcheng

JianlinWang

Partner|wang.jianlin@

XiaolanYe

Associate|ye.xiaolan@

Jingtian&

Gongcheng

Thiscountry-specificQ&AprovidesanoverviewofinternationaltradelawsandregulationsapplicableinChina.

ForafulllistofjurisdictionalQ&Asvisit

/guides

InternationalTrade:China

CHINA

INTERNATIONALTRADE

1.Whathasbeenyourjurisdiction’s

historicallevelofinteractionwiththeWTO

(e.g.membershipdatefortheGATT/WTO,contributiontoinitiatives,hostingof

Ministerials,tradepolicyreviews)?

ChinahasbeenamemberoftheWTOsinceDecember11,2001.Priortothis,in1986,Chinasubmittedan

applicationtotheGeneralAgreementonTariffsand

Trade(GATT)torestoreChina’sstatusasamemberoftheGATT,whichopenedtheprocessofre-entry

negotiations.In1995,WTOwasestablished,andChina’sre-entrynegotiationswereofficiallytransformedinto

accessionnegotiations.

Chinahasactivelyparticipatedinplurilateral

liberalizationinitiativesandmadeimportant

contributionstorelevanttalks.Itacceptedthe

InformationTechnologyAgreement(ITA)uponaccessionofWTO,subsequentlyparticipatedinthenegotiationstoexpandITA’scoverage,andencouragedrelevantparties

toreachagreementoneliminatingtariffsof201

informationtechnologyproducts.ItisworthnotingthatChinaisalsooneoftheinitiatorsofthenegotiationsontheEnvironmentalGoodsAgreement(EGA).AlthoughnegotiationsonEGAhavebeenputonhold,Chinahasparticipatedinrelevantdiscussionswithaconstructiveattitude.

Chinaplacesgreatemphasisonthetradepolicyreview(TPR)process.IthasundergoneeightTPRsfrom2006to2022.Inaddition,Chinahasalsoparticipatedin

hundredsofTPRsofotherWTOmembers.Itraised

thousandsofwrittenquestionsandtradeconcernstothemembersunderreview,urgedthemtocomplywithWTOrulesandcommitments.

2.ArethereanyWTOagreementstowhichyourjurisdictionisnotparty(e.g.

GovernmentProcurementAgreement)?Isyourjurisdictionseekingtoaccedeto

theseagreements?

Chinaisanobserver(butnotafullmember)ofthe

GovernmentProcurementCommitteeandhasbeen

negotiatingtoaccedetothePlurilateralAgreementonGovernmentProcurementAgreement(GPA)since2007.

AsofOct.2023,ChinahassubmittedsixofferstoaccedetoGPA.

Meanwhile,Chinaisanobserver(butnotafullmember)ofthePlurilateralAgreementonTradeinCivilAircraft.

3.IsyourjurisdictionparticipatinginanyongoingWTOnegotiations(e.g.E-

CommerceJointInitiative)andwhathasbeenitsrole?

ChinahasencouragedtheWTOtorespondtoand

discussnewtopicsofgeneralinteresttothememberssuchasinvestmentfacilitation,micro,smalland

medium-sizedenterprises(MSMEs),ande-commerce.

Chinainitiated“FriendsofInvestmentFacilitationfor

Development(FIFD)”andsponsoredtheJointMinisterialStatementonInvestmentFacilitationforDevelopmentsignedbyover70members.

Chinajoinedthe“FriendsofMicro,SmallandMedium-sizedEnterprises”,andsharedwithothermembersitsproposalsthatsupportMSMEs.

Asanadvocateofmultilateraldiscussionsone-

commerceintheWTO,Chinajoined“FriendsofE-commerceforDevelopment(FED)”.Attheinformal

ministerialmeetingone-commerceheldinDavos,in

January2019,Chinaand75otherWTOmemberssignedtheJointStatementonElectronicCommerce.

4.Hasyourjurisdictionengagedinthe

WTOdisputesettlementsysteminthepast5years?Ifso,inwhichdisputesandin

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whichcapacity(asapartytoadisputeorasathirdparty)?

FromJanuary2018toOctober2023,Chinahadbrought8disputestotheWTO,meanwhilehadbeencomplainedagainstin11disputes,andalsohadbeeninvolvedas

thethirdpartyin45cases.Thedetailedcaseinformationisshowninthetablesbelow.

DS598

Australia

Anti-dumpingandcountervailingdutymeasuresonbarleyfromAustralia

DS601

Japan

Anti-DumpingmeasuresonstainlesssteelproductsfromJapan

DS602

Australia

Anti-DumpingandCountervailingDutyMeasuresonWinefromAustralia

DS610

European

Union

MeasuresConcerningTradeinGoods

DS611

European

Union

Enforcementofintellectualpropertyrights

Chinaascomplaint

Case

number

Respondent

Casetitle

DS543

UnitedStates

TariffMeasuresonCertainGoodsfromChina

DS544

UnitedStates

CertainMeasuresonSteelandAluminiumProducts

DS562

UnitedStates

SafeguardMeasureonImportsofCrystallineSiliconPhotovoltaic

Products

DS563

UnitedStates

CertainMeasuresRelatedto

RenewableEnergy

DS565

UnitedStates

TariffMeasuresonCertainGoodsfromChinaII

DS587

UnitedStates

UnitedStates—TariffmeasuresoncertaingoodsfromChinaIII

DS603

Australia

Anti-DumpingandCountervailing

DutyMeasuresonCertainProductsfromChina

DS615

UnitedStates

MeasuresonCertainSemiconductorandotherProducts,andRelated

ServicesandTechnologies

Chinaasrespondent

Case

number

Complaint

Casetitle

DS519

UnitedStates

SubsidiestoProducersofPrimaryAluminium

DS542

UnitedStates

CertainMeasuresConcerningtheProtectionofIntellectualPropertyRights

DS549

UnitedStates

UnitedStates—CertainMeasuresontheTransferofTechnology

DS558

UnitedStates

AdditionalDutiesonCertain

ProductsfromtheUnitedStates

DS568

Brazil

CertainMeasuresConcerningImportsofSugar

DS589

Canada

MeasuresConcerningthe

ImportationofCanolaSeedfromCanada

Chinaasthirdparty

Case

number

Complaint

Respondent

Casetitle

DS536

Vietnam

UnitedStates

Anti-DumpingMeasuresonFishFilletsfromVietnam

DS537

Australia

Canada

MeasuresGoverningtheSaleofWine

DS538

UnitedArab

Emirates

Pakistan

Anti-DumpingMeasureson

BiaxiallyOrientedPolypropyleneFilmfromtheUnitedArab

Emirates

DS539

Korea,Republicof

UnitedStates

Anti-dumpingandCountervailingDutiesonCertainProductsand

theUseofFactsAvailable

DS541

UnitedStates

India

ExportRelatedMeasures

DS545

Korea,Republicof

UnitedStates

Safeguardmeasureonimportsofcrystallinesiliconphotovoltaic

products

DS546

Korea,Republicof

UnitedStates

Safeguardmeasureonimportsoflargeresidentialwashers

DS547

India

UnitedStates

CertainMeasuresonSteelandAluminiumProducts

DS548

EuropeanUnion

UnitedStates

CertainMeasuresonSteelandAluminiumProducts

DS550

Canada

UnitedStates

CertainMeasuresonSteelandAluminiumProducts

DS551

Mexico

UnitedStates

CertainMeasuresonSteelandAluminiumProducts

DS552

Norway

UnitedStates

CertainMeasuresonSteelandAluminiumProducts

DS553

Japan

Korea,Republicof

SunsetReviewofAnti-DumpingDutiesonStainlessSteelBars

DS554

Russian

Federation

UnitedStates

CertainMeasuresonSteelandAluminiumProducts

DS556

Switzerland

UnitedStates

CertainMeasuresonSteelandAluminiumProducts

DS557

UnitedStates

Canada

AdditionalDutiesonCertain

ProductsfromtheUnitedStates

DS559

UnitedStates

EuropeanUnion

AdditionalDutiesonCertain

ProductsfromtheUnitedStates

DS560

UnitedStates

Mexico

AdditionalDutiesonCertain

ProductsfromtheUnitedStates

S561

UnitedStates

Turkey

AdditionalDutiesonCertain

ProductsfromtheUnitedStates

DS564

Turkey

UnitedStates

CertainMeasuresonSteelandAluminiumProducts

DS566

UnitedStates

Russian

Federation

AdditionalDutiesonCertain

ProductsfromtheUnitedStates

DS567

Qatar

SaudiArabia,Kingdomof

Measuresconcerningthe

ProtectionofIntellectualPropertyRights

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DS573

Thailand

Turkey

AdditionaldutiesonimportsofairconditioningmachinesfromThailand

DS576

UnitedArab

Emirates

Qatar

CertainmeasuresconcerninggoodsfromtheUnitedArabEmirates

DS577

EuropeanUnion

UnitedStates

Anti-dumpingandcountervailingdutiesonripeolivesfromSpain

DS578

Tunisia

Morocco

DefinitiveAnti-DumpingMeasuresonSchoolExerciseBooksfromTunisia

DS579

Brazil

India

MeasuresConcerningSugarandSugarcane

DS580

Australia

India

MeasuresConcerningSugarandSugarcane

DS581

Guatemala

India

MeasuresConcerningSugarandSugarcane

DS582

EuropeanUnion

India

TariffTreatmentonCertainGoodsinthe

InformationandCommunicationsTechnologySector

DS583

EuropeanUnion

Turkey

CertainMeasuresconcerningtheProduction,ImportationandMarketingofPharmaceuticalProducts

DS584

Japan

India

TariffTreatmentonCertainGoods

DS585

UnitedStates

India

AdditionaldutiesoncertainproductsfromtheUnitedStates

DS588

ChineseTaipei

India

TariffTreatmentonCertainGoodsinthe

InformationandCommunicationsTechnologySector

DS590

Korea,Republicof

Japan

MeasuresRelatedtotheExportationofProductsandTechnologytoKorea

DS591

EuropeanUnion

Colombia

Anti-DumpingDutiesonFrozenFriesfromBelgium,GermanyandtheNetherlands

DS592

EuropeanUnion

Indonesia

MeasuresRelatingtoRawMaterials

DS593

Indonesia

EuropeanUnion

Certainmeasuresconcerningpalmoilandoilpalmcrop-basedbiofuels

DS595

Turkey

EuropeanUnion

SafeguardMeasuresonCertainSteelProducts

DS597

HongKong,

China

UnitedStates

OriginMarkingRequirement

DS599

CostaRica

Panama

MeasuresconcerningtheimportationofcertainproductsfromCostaRica

DS600

Malaysia

EuropeanUnionandCertain

MemberStates

Certainmeasuresconcerningpalmoilandoilpalmcrop-basedbiofuels

DS604

EuropeanUnion

Russian

Federation

CertainMeasuresConcerningDomesticandForeignProductsandServices

DS605

CostaRica

Dominican

Republic

Anti-dumpingmeasuresoncorrugatedsteelbars

DS616

Indonesia

EuropeanUnion

CountervailingandAnti-DumpingDutieson

StainlessSteelCold-RolledFlatProductsfromIndonesia

5.Hasyourjurisdictionexpressedany

viewsonreformoftheWTO,inparticular,thedisputesettlementsystemandthe

AppellateBody?

OnMay13,2019,ChinaofficiallysubmittedtheChina’sProposalonWTOReform.

ThethreebasicprinciplesadvocatedbyChinaregardingWTOreformare:First,thereformshallpreservesuch

corevaluesofthemultilateraltradingsystemasnon-discriminationandopenness,withaviewtocreatingastableandpredictableenvironmentforinternational

trade.Second,thereformshallsafeguardthe

developmentinterestsofdevelopingMembers.In

particular,itisimperativetoeliminatedevelopment

deficitintheexistingWTOrules,resolvethedifficulties

encounteredbydevelopingMembersintheirintegration

intoeconomicglobalizationandhelpattainthe

SustainableDevelopmentGoalsofUnitedNations2030Agenda.Third,thereformshallfollowthepracticeof

decision-makingbyconsensus.Thespecificissues

subjecttoreform,workagendaandfinalresultsshould

beagreeduponafterextensiveconsultations,onthebasisofmutualrespect,broadparticipationand

dialoguesonanequalfooting.

ChinabelievesthenecessaryreformoftheWTOshouldcoverthefollowingfourareasforconcreteactions:First,

resolvingthecrucialandurgentissuesthreateningtheexistenceoftheWTO,Second,increasingWTO’s

relevanceinglobaleconomicgovernance;Third,

improvingtheoperationalefficiencyoftheWTO,andFourth,enhancingtheinclusivenessofthemultilateraltradingsystem.

6.Whatarethekeybilateraland/or

regionalfreetradeagreements(FTAs)inforceforyourjurisdictionandfromwhichdatesdidtheyenterintoforce?

BytheendofOctober2023,thefollowingfreetrade

agreements（FTAs）signedbyChinahaveenteredintoforce:

•RegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnership(RCEP)

•China-CambodiaFTA

•China-MauritiusFTA

•China-MaldivesFTA

•China-GeorgiaFTA

•China-AustraliaFTA

•China-KoreaFTA

•China-SwitzerlandFTA

•China-IcelandFTA

•China-CostaRicaFTA

•China-PeruFTA

•China-SingaporeFTA

•China-NewZealandFTA

•China-ChileFTA

•China-PakistanFTA

•China-ASEANFTA

•MainlandandHongKongCloserEconomicandPartnershipArrangement

•MainlandandMacaoCloserEconomicandPartnership

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Arrangement

Itisparticularlyworthmentioningthat,theRCEP,whichbecameeffectiveonJanuary1,2022,marksthe

successfullaunchoftheworld’slargestfreetradearea

andisanewmilestoneforEastAsianeconomic

integration.

Inaddition,thankstotheChina-ASEANFTA,whichtookfulleffectonJanuary1,2010,ASEANhasbeenChina’slargesttradingpartnerforthreeconsecutiveyears.

7.IsyourjurisdictioncurrentlynegotiatinganyFTAs(orsignedanyFTAsthathavenotyetenteredintoforce)and,ifany,with

whichjurisdictions?Whatareyour

jurisdiction’sprioritiesinthose

negotiations(e.g.consolidatingcritical

mineralsupplychains,increasingtradeinfinancialservices,etc.)?ForbothFTAs

undernegotiationandsignedFTAs,whenaretheyexpectedtoenterintoforce?

ChinahassignedtheChina-EcuadorFTA,theChina-

NicaraguaFTA,andtheChina-SerbiaFTAin2023,whichareyettocomeintoforce.Thereisnoofficial

informationreleasedregardingtheexpectedeffectivedatesofthesethreeFTAs.

In2022and2023,thenegotiatingandprogressingFTAsincludeChina-GCC(theGulfCooperationCouncil)FTA

andChina-IsraelFTA.Accordingtoofficialreports,ChinaandtheGCCheldin-depthdiscussionsontradeingoods,tradeinservices,investment,rulesoforigin,customs

proceduresandtradefacilitation.AttheendofMarch

2023,IsraelheldtheeighthroundtalkwithChinaaboutChina-IsraelFTA,inwhichcovertheissuessuchastradeingoods,rulesoforigin,customsproceduresandtradefacilitation,sanitaryandphytosanitarymeasures,traderemedies,e-commerce,environment,intellectual

property,competition,governmentprocurement,disputeresolution,andlegalproceedings..Thereisnoofficial

informationreleasedregardingthesigningandexpectedeffectivedatesofChina-GCCFTAandChina-IsraelFTA.

8.Whichfivecountriesarethebiggest

tradingpartnersforyourjurisdictionin

relationtoeachofexportsandimportsandwhichgoodsorservicesareparticularly

importanttoyourjurisdiction’sexternaltraderelationships?

Taking2022asanexample,China’sbiggestfivetrading

partnersareASEAN,theEuropeanUnion,theUnited

States,SouthKorea,andJapaninorder.Machineryandelectricalequipmentaccountsfor49.1%ofthetotal

importandexportvalueofmerchandise.

9.Whatarethethreemostimportant

domesticandthreemostimportant

internationaldevelopmentsthatarelikelytohavethebiggestimpactonyour

jurisdiction’stradeprofileandpriorities?

InApril2023,theStateCouncilofChinaissued“the

OpinionsonPromotingtheScaleStabilityandStructureOptimizationofForeignTrade”.Inthisdocument,the

comprehensiveresumptionofChina’sofflineexhibitionsandthefacilitationofentryandexitofcross-border

businesspersonnelwerespecificallymentioned.

ThespokespersonoftheMinistryofCommerce

(MOFCOM)statedatapressconferenceinMarch2023thattheexternalenvironmentisbecomingincreasinglyuncertain,globalinflationisstillatahighlevel,the

growthmomentumoftheworldeconomyandtradeisweakening,andexternalrepressionisconstantlyrising.

Thesechallengeshavebecomeimportantfactors

affectingthetrendofforeigntrade.

10.Hasyourjurisdictiontakenanyspecificdomesticmeasurestoaddress

sustainabilityissuesininternationalsupply

chains,forexampleinrelationtoforcedlabour,humanrightsandenvironmentalissues?Isitseekingtoaddressthese

issuesinanyFTAsorotherinternationalagreements?

AccordingtotheLaborLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,Laborersshallhaveequalrighttoemploymentandchoiceofoccupation,therighttoremunerationfor

labor,torestandvacations,toprotectionof

occupationalsafetyandhealth,totraininginvocationalskills,tosocialinsuranceandwelfare,tosubmissionof

labordisputesforsettlementandotherrightsrelatingtolaborstipulatedbylaw.Laborersalsoshallhavetherighttoparticipatein,andorganize,tradeunionsin

accordancewiththelaw.Theauthoritiesshalltake

variousmeasurestopromoteemployment,develop

vocationaleducation,laydownlaborstandards,regulate

socialincomes,perfectsocialinsurancesystem,

coordinatelaborrelationship,andgraduallyraisethelivingstandardoflaborers.

TheConstitutionofthePeople’sRepublicofChina

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stipulatesthatthestaterespectsandsafeguardshumanrights.

Chinahassuccessivelyformulatedaseriesoflaws

relatedtoenvironmentalprotection,suchasthe

EnvironmentalProtectionLaw,theMarineEnvironmental

ProtectionLaw,andtheEnvironmentalImpact

AssessmentLaw.InSeptember2020,PresidentXi

officiallyannouncedatthegeneraldebateofthe75thUnitedNationsGeneralAssembly:“Chinawillincreaseitsnationalindependentcontribution,adoptstronger

policiesandmeasures,strivetopeakitscarbondioxideemissionsbefore2030,andstrivetoachievecarbon

neutralitybefore2060.”

InJune2023,ChinasubmittedproposalsrelatedtotradeandenvironmentalpoliciestotheWTO.Chinaproposed

tofullyleveragethesupervisoryanddeliberative

functionsoftheWTOandholdmultilateralthematicdiscussionsonenvironmentalpoliciesthathavea

significantimpactontrade.

11.Isyourjurisdictiontakinganyspecificdomesticmeasurestopromotenear-

shoring/on-shoringforstrategicgoods(i.e.domesticsubsidies,importtariffs,or

exportrestrictions)?Isitseekingto

addresstheseissuesinanyFTAsorotherinternationalagreements?

Asaneconomiclever,importtariffsareusedasatooltoimplementnationaleconomicpolicies,whichisa

commonpracticethroughouttheworld.ThesamegoesforChinainthisregard.Butaccordingtoofficial

information,China’soveralltarifflevelhasbeenreducedto7.3%in2023.

AccordingtotheForeignTradeLawofthePeople’s

RepublicofChina,Insomecircumstances,thestatemayrestrictorprohibittheimportorexportoftherelevant

goodsandtechnologies,suchas:whereitisnecessarytorestrictorprohibittheimportorexportfor

safeguardingnationalsecurity,publicinterestsorethics;

wheretheshortdomesticsupplyortheneedto

effectivelyconserveexhaustiblenaturalresources

makesitnecessarytorestrictorprohibittheexport;andsoon.

12.Whatisthelegalregimegoverning

tradesanctionsinyourcountry?Hasit

evolvedinresponsetoongoinggeopoliticaldevelopments,suchastheon-goingcrisis

inUkraine?

TheAnti-foreignSanctionsLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,whichhasbeenadoptedandcomeintoeffect

onJune10,2021,empowerstherelevantdepartmentsoftheStateCounciltoprohibitorrestrictcertain

organizationsorindividualsfromconducting

transactions,cooperationorotheractivitieswith

domesticentities.Inaddition,MOFCOMhasalso

formulated“theProvisionsontheListofUnrelated

Entities”and“theRulesonCounteractingUnjustifiedExtra-territorialApplicationofForeignLegislationandOtherMeasures”.

RelevantofficialoftheStandingCommitteeofthe

NationalPeople’sCongresspointedoutthatthe

formulationoftheAnti-foreignSanctionsLawisbecauseoftheneedtosafeguardnationalsovereignty,security

anddevelopmentinterests,andtheneedtocoordinate

thepromotionofdomesticruleoflawandforeign-relatedruleoflaw.

13.Doesyourjurisdictionusetrade

remediesand,ifso,whatremediesaremostcommonlyused?Andinwhich

jurisdictionsandonwhichproductsaretheymostcommonlyapplied?

Chinahastakenmeasurestoimposeanti-dumpingor

countervailingdutiesonproductsoriginatingfrom

certaincustomsterritory,mostcommonlyincludingtheUnitedStates,theEuropeanUnion,Japan,andsoon.Inrecentyears,productsofchemicaloralliedindustrieshavebeenrelativelyfrequentlytargetedbytrade

remediesinChina.

14.Whatisthekeylegislationrelatingtoanti-dumpingduties,countervailingdutiesandsafeguards?Whataretheauthoritiesresponsibleforinvestigatinganddecidingwhethertheseremediesareapplied?

TheForeignTradeLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaprovidesachapteronforeigntraderemedies.BasedontheForeignTradeLaw,thefollowingadministrative

regulationsformulatedbytheStateCouncilhavemademorespecificprovisionsonanti-dumpingduties,

countervailingduties,andsafeguards,whichare:theAnti-DumpingRegulationofthePeople’sRepublicof

China,theCountervailingRegulationofthePeople’s

RepublicofChina,RegulationsofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaonSafeguardMeasures.

TheMOFCOMshallberesponsiblefortheinvestigation

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onanddeterminationofdamage;whiletheinvestigationonthedamagetoadomesticindustryrelatingto

agriculturalproductsshallbeconductedbytheMOFCOMincollaborationwiththeMinistryofAgriculture.

Thelevyoftheanti-dumpingdutiesorcountervailing

dutiesshallbeproposedbytheMOFCOMandbedecided

onbytheTariffPolicyCommitteeundertheState

CounciluponthepropositionoftheMOFCOM,andshallbeannouncedbytheMOFCOM.

Ifthesafeguardmeasureistoraisetariffs,theMOFCOMshall,onthebasisofthereviewandpursuanttothe

provisionsofthepresentRegulation,suggesttokeep,

canceloracceleratethepaceofrelaxingthemeasureofraisingoftariffs,andtheTariffPolicyCommitteeoftheStateCouncilshallmakeadecisionaccordingtothe

suggestionoftheMOFCOMandtheMOFCOMshallannounceit.Ifthesafeguardmeasureistolimitthequantityorbyothermeans,theMOFCOMshall,

accordingtotheresultofreviewandaccordingtothe

provisionsofthepresentRegulation,decidetokeep,

canceloracceleratethepaceofrelaxingthemeasureoflimitingthequantityandannounceit.

15.Whatistheprocessforadomestic

businessand/orindustrytoseektrade

remedies(i.e.keydocumentation,

evidencerequired,etc.)?Howcanforeignproducersparticipateintraderemedies

investigationsinyourjurisdiction?

Thefilingandinvestigationproceduresfortraderemedymeasuresarebasicallysimilar,andthefollowingare

examplesofanti-dumpingprocedures:

Anapplicationforanti-dumpinginvestigationsshall

includethefollowingcontentsandshallbesupportedbythefollowingevidentialmaterials:1)Relevant

informationabouttheapplicant;2)Theknown

producers,exportersandimportersoftheimported

productthatisappliedforinvestigations;3)Acomplete

accountoftheimportproductthatisappliedfor

investigationsandthedomesticproductofthesametypeaswellasacomparisonbetweenthetwo;4)Theactandscaleofdumping;5)Thedamagessufferedbythedomesticindustry;6)Thecausalrelationship

betweenthedumpingactsandthedamagessuffered;7)Otherissuesthattheapplicantbelievesofnecessityto

bespecified.

Withregardtothedescriptionoftheimportedproductthatisappliedforinvestigationsandthedomestic

productofthesametypeaswellasthecomparisonbetweenthetwo,theapplicantshallprovidethe

followingevidentialmaterials:1)Adetaileddescription

oftheimportedproductthatisappliedforinvestigations,includingthename,type,specifications,purposeofuse,marketsituation,etcandthetariffcodeofthePeople’s

RepublicofChina;2)Thecountry(region)oforiginorthecountry(region)ofexportoftheimportedproductthatisappliedforinvestigations;3)Adetaileddescriptionof

thedomesticproductofthesametype,includingthename,type,specifications,purposeofuse,market

situation,etcofthesaidproduct;4)Acomparison

betweentheimportedproductthatisappliedfor

investigationsandthedomesticproductofthesame

type,includingthephysicalfeatures,chemicalfeatures,productiontechniques,substitutability,prices,purposeofuse,etcofthesaidproducts.

Whereanyinterestedparty(includingbutnotlimitto

foreignproducers,exporters)appliesforansweringtheanti-dumpinginvestigationofindustryinjury,itshallfileanapplicationtotheMOFCOMwithin20daysfromthedaywhenanannouncementontheinitiationofanti-

dumpinginvestigationofindustryinjuryismade,and

shallgothroughrelevantregistrationformalities.Atthesametime,theapplicantshalloffertheinformation

concerningitsproductivecapacity,output,inventories,constructionandexpansionplans,thevolumeand

amountoftheproductexportedtoChina,thevolumeandamountoftheproductimportedbytheimport

businessoperators.

Attherequestoftheinterestedparties,theMOFCOM

may,upontheapprovaloftherelevantcountry(region),dispatchpersonstothecountry(region)toconduct

investigationsontheproductivecapacity,investmentsinexpandingproduction,inventories,placeoforiginor

entrepot,theconnectionamongtheenterprisesandotherinformationrelatedtotheproduct.

Attherequestofaninterestedparty,orwhenevertheMOFCOMconsidersitnecessary,ahearingofindustryinjurymaybeheld.

16.Doesyourjurisdictionhaveanyspecialregulationsorproceduresregarding

investigationofpossiblecircumventionorevasionoftraderemedies?Whatarethe

consequencesofcircumventingorevadingtraderemedies?

TheMOFCOMmaytakeappropriatemeasurestopreventtheactsofevadinganti-dumpingand/orcountervailing

measures.

Iftheso-calledcircumventionorevasionmeasuresresultinunderpaymentoftariffs(duties),thesecircumvention

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orevasionmaybeidentifiedassmuggling.Ifso,the

perpetratorwillbesubjecttoadministrativeorcriminalpenalties.

17.Whatarethesubstantivelegaltestsinyourjurisdictionfortheapplicationof

remedies?Doesyourjurisdictionapplyalesserdutyruleand/orapublicinteresttestinanti-dumpinginvestigations?Arethereanyothernotablefeaturesofyourjurisdiction'straderemediesregime?

Takeanti-dumpinginvestigationasanexample,in

China,theMOFCOMshalltakesuchmeansas

questionnaires,sampling,hearing,technical

authentication,on-the-spotinvestigationandsoonto

makeanindustryinjuryinvestigation.Thedeterminationofanactualinjuryshallbebasedontheclearly

foreseeableandimminentsituation,inwhichifno

measuresaretaken,anactualinjurywilloccur.The

determinationofariskofactualinjuryshall