Unit1复习学案牛津译林版英语八年级下册

8BUnit1Pastandpresent核心知识点提炼巩固1.pastandpresent(P6)pastn.过去，以前；inthepast在过去adj.过去的，以前的；inthepastfewyears在过去的几年里prep.经过walkpastthepostoffice走过邮局【例句】Inthepast,therewasnoundergroundinNanjing.Let’snotmakethepastmistakes.WhenIwalkpastthepostoffice,Iseeabirdflyingoverthetree.（2）presentadj.现在的;目前的;出席的n.现在;礼物;atpresent现在；apresentforyou=agiftforyou给你的礼物vt.介绍;出现;提出;赠送;【例句】Everyonecanbepresentedapresentatpresent.2.WhenIgotmarriedin1965,mywifeandImovedtwoblocksawayandwe’velivedinthisareasincethen.(P8)当我1965结婚的时候，我的妻子和我搬到了两个街区之外，从那之后我一直住在那个地方。（1）marry:vt.&vi.（使）结婚;娶;嫁;结合;marryAtoB把A嫁给Bmarrysb./getmarriedtosb.与某人结婚（表示动作，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。）adj.married已婚的;bemarried(tosb.)表示状态，能和表示一段时间的状语连用，用于完成时态中。n.marriage婚姻【例句】Someyoungcouplesgotmarriedonthatday.(2019•扬州邗江二模)—Whendidyourparents________？—They________since15yearsago.A.marry;marriedB.getmarried;havebeenmarriedC.bemarried;havegotmarriedD.marrywith;havebeenmarried（2）move:vt.&vi.移动，搬动;使感动【常用短语】moveaway搬走moveinto搬进moveoutof搬出...【例句】Everyyearmillionsofpeoplemovedintothecitywhilemillionsofpeoplemovedaway.3.Nowthegovernmenthasturnedpartofthetowncentreintoanewpark.(P8)turninto进入，拐进；turn...into把...变成【例句】Isawhimturnintothelibrary.Howcanyouturnabottleofwaterintoabottleoforangejuice?【常用短语】turnon开turnoff关turnup调高；开大(音量、煤气等)turndown调低；关小(音量、煤气、灯火等)turnover把……翻过来turnback往回走turnleft向左转turnright向右转Couldyou___theradioalittle?It’stoonoisy.A.turnonB.turndownC.turnoffD.turninto4.TherewasonceasteelfactoryneartheSunshineRiver.(P9)阳光河附近曾经有一个钢铁厂。once:adv.曾经=usedto【例句】Therewasonceashoppingcentrehere.=Thereusedtobeashoppingcentrehere.n.一次，一回;=onetime我习惯一周锻炼一次。翻译：__________________________________5.Theyoftenputthewasteintotheriver.(P9)他们经常把垃圾放到河里。短语：putsth.into把……放进，使进入【例句】Pleaseputthefoodintothefridge.【常用短语】putaway拿走，储存……备用putback放回putdown写下；记下puton穿上putoff延期；推迟putout熄灭；关熄；扑灭putup举起；抬起；张贴

—Jason,wouldyouplease_______

thisnotice?一Withpleasure.

A.puton

B.putoff

C.putup

D.putout

6.Laterthegovernmentrealizedtheproblemandtookactiontoimprovethesituation.(P9)后来政府意识到这个问题并采取行动去改善这种情况。（1）realizev.意识到；实现【例句】Mydreamestrue.=Irealizemydream.realize是及物动词，常用于sb.realizesth.

这种结构；etrue

是不及物动词词组，通常用来表示“理想、愿望等”的名词作句子的主语。①TheChinesepeopleareworkinghardto_______the

modernization.中国人民正在为实现现代化而努力工作。②Hisdreamofbeingateacher___________.

他当教师的理想实现了。improvev提高；改善；改进n.improvement提高，改进；【常用短语】improvelivingstandard提高生活水平;improveyourEnglish;改善你的英语；【例句】Doyouknowhowtoimproveyourmemory?7.Nowtheriverismuchcleaner.(P9)现在河流干净了很多。此处的much用于修饰形容词比较级。类似的用法还有：much;still;even;far;alittle;abit;alot;【例句】Howdoyoufeeltoday?Evenworse.Youaredrivingtoofast.Canyoudrive_________?A．moreslowlyabitB．slowlyabitmoreC．abitmoreslowlyD．slowlymorebit8.NowIfeelabitlonelyfromtimetotime.(P9)现在我经常会感到有点孤单。（1）lonely:adj.孤独的，孤单的;寂寞的;荒凉的【常用短语】feellonely【词汇拓展】aloneadj./adv.单独的（地），独自的（地）作副词alone=byoneself=onone’sownalone是指行为或动作上的，译为单独，独自，lonely是指心灵上的，译为孤独，寂寞;alone是陈述一个独自的客观现实，基本没有感情色彩，lonely则是描述一种寂寞的情绪体验，感情色彩很浓。【例句】①Ourteacherasksustofinishthetaskalone.=Ourteacherasksustofinishthetaskbyourselves.=Ourteacherasksustofinishthetaskonourown.②Mygrandmalivesalone,soshefeelslonelysometimes.Hedoesnotfeel________thoughheis________．（2）time:n时间;次数;时代(常用复数)【常用短语】atthesametime同时intime及时；适时ontime按时，准时；按时allthetime始终，一直atatime一次；每次；在某时fromtimetotime不时，有时forthefirsttime首次；第一次Youwillhave___________toseeeverythinginBeijing.

A.manytimeB.muchtimeC.manytimesD.muchtimes_______________________________________________________________________________核心句型提炼巩固1.Well,insomewaysitis.(P9)好的，在某种程度上它是。短语insomeways在某些方面，在某种程度上【例句】Insomeways,Idoagreewithyou.【拓展】1.inmanyways在许多方面；用许多方法；inthisway用这种方法；2.onone’swayto表示“在某人去……的路上”；(home/here/there这几个词前不需要加to)3.bytheway表示“顺便说/问一句”；4.alltheway表示“全程；一直”；5.inaway在某一点上,在某种程度上6.intheway挡道inthewayofsb挡在某人路上Johnisatopstudent,_________hemakeshisparentsproud.A.inthiswayB.insomewaysC.bythewayD.ontheway2.Ithasbeeimpossibleforustoseeeachotherasoftenasbefore.(P9)对我们来说像以前一样的经常见面已经变得不可能了。（1）此处的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式toseeeachother.常用句型：Itis+adj+forsbtodosth.对某人来说做某事是怎样的。Itisdangerousforustogooutaloneatnight.【拓展】Itis+adj+ofsb.todosth.“某人做某事是……”，此结构中的形容词多是kind,clever,foolish,polite等描述人的性格、品质的词。ItisusefulforustolearnEnglishwell.Itiskindofyoutohelpme.（2）asoftenasbefore像以前一样的经常as...as像一样。①.若涉及数量或程度，可用“asmuch+不可数名词+as”和“asmany+可数名词复数+as”。如：Hedoesn’tpayasmuchtaxaswedo/asus.他没我们交的税款多。Therearenotasmanyrestaurantsastherewere.现在餐馆没有过去多了。②“as+形容词或副词原级+as...”意为“和……一样”，表示同级的比较。as...as结构用于表示不同人或物同一性质的比较，意为……和……一样Thetreeisastallasthebuilding.这棵树和那栋楼一样高。as...as结构用于表示同一个人或物不同性质的比较，意为既……又……Thisswimmingpoolisaswideasitislong.这个游泳池宽度和长度相等。③as...as结构用于表示两个人或物不同性质的比较，表示程度相同或相当，意为……而……，在否定句结构是so/as...as...Hecannotrunso/asfastasyou.他没你跑得快。Hewasashandsomeashiswifewasbeautiful.他长得很英俊，他的妻子也长得非常漂亮。④as...as的常见句型as...aspossible／sb.can尽可能的……Pleaseanswermyquestionassoonaspossible．请尽快回答我的问题。Thedetectiveissearchingthemanascarefullyashecan．那个侦探正在尽可能仔细地搜查那个男子的身体。3.一Doyouplantoseeitagain?一Yes,I'dliketo.(P14)原句意为：——你打算再看一遍吗?——是的，我想看。答语中的wouldlike意为“想要”，在意思上相当于want，但在语气上比want委婉，常用于口语中。would是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化。wouldlike后常接名词、代词或动词不定式，但不可接动名词。如:Iwouldlikesomeapples.我想要些苹果。Hewouldliketoeatsomebanana.他想吃些香蕉。注意：当询问或回答某人需要什么时，可以在wouldlike后面直接跟名词作宾语对于wouldlike提出的建议或请求，肯定回答可以用“Yes,please.”，否定回答可以用“No,thanks.”。如:一Whatwouldhelike？他想要什么?一He’一Wouldyoulikesomeicedtea?你想喝点儿冰茶吗?一Yes,please.No,thanks.好的，请来一点儿。/不，谢谢。“想要做某事”；wouldlikesb.todosth.意为“想要某人做某事”。回答“Wouldyouliketodosth.?”句型时，肯定回答常用“Yes，I'dlove/liketo.”,否定回答常用“I'dloveto，but...”。如:We'dliketogowithyou.我们想和你一起去。Whatwouldyoulikemetodo?你想要我做什么?一Wouldyouliketostayherewithme?你愿意和我一起待在这儿吗?一Yes.I'dloveto.是的，我愿意。重点语法——现在完成时现在完成时要点1：现在完成时的不规则动词变化（1）过去分词和过去式的变化形式相同：变化举例：原形→过去式→过去分词与原形相同hit→hit→hithurt→hurt→hurt在原形后加她t或dlearn→learnt→learnthear→heard→heard原形中的元音字母有变化get→got→gotsit→sat→sat原形中的辅音字母有变化make→made→madespill→spilt→spilt原形中的元音、辅音字母都有变化feel→felt→feltsmell→smelt→smelt（2）动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式不同：变化举例：原形→过去式→过去分词与原形相同e→came→erun→ran→run原形中的元音字母有变化ring→rang→rungsing→sang→sang在原形后加eneat→ate→eatenfall→fell→fallen在原形后加nsee→saw→seengive→gave→given在过去式后加nsteal→stole→stolenbreak→broke→broken原形、过去式和过去分词词形差异较大do→did→donego→went→gone现在完成时要点2：since和for用法区别(1)since的用法=1\*GB3①since后面加具体时间，如sincenearlythreeyearsago或since2008.=2\*GB3②since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时.(2)for的用法：for后加一段时间。since/for可以通过ago进行同义句转换。例：Theyhaveworkedinthefactorysincetenmonthsago.=TheyhaveworkedinthefactoryfortenyearsWehavelearnedEnglishfornearlythreeyears.=WehavelearnedEnglishsincethreeyearsago.Ihaven’tseenyou_____lastFriday.A.for B.since C.from D.onMr.Whitecametoourschoolin2008,andsincethenhe_____usEnglish.(2011盐城)A.teaches B.taught C.hastaught D.willteach现在完成时要点3：当现在完成时表示持续时，谓语动词不能使用非延续性动词（短暂性动词），而应该使用延续性动词，即换一种说法，如：Hehasbeenawayforoneminute.他已经离开一分钟了。Hehashadthisbookfortwomonths.他买这本书已有两个月了。Shehaskeptthetableforthreemonths.她已经借了这张桌子三个月了。延续性动词又名持续性动词，它表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以长时间延续下去或产生持久的影响。英语中的延续性动词比较多，如work,stand,lie,know等。非延续性动词、瞬间动词或点动词，表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open,die,close,begin,finish,e,go,move,borrow,lend,buy,arrive等。翻译我叔叔买这个机器人已经三个月了。________________________________________________非延续性动词=>延续性动词leave→beawayborrow→keepbuy→havebegin/start→beondie→bedeadfinish→beoverjoin→beon+组织机构/beamemberof+组织机构opensth.→keepsth.openfallill→beillehere→beheregothere→betherebee→beeback→bebackfallasleep→beasleepgetto/arrive/reach→be(in)leave→beawayfromgettoknow→knowgo(get)out→beoutputon→wearmarry/getmarried→bemarried等。现在完成时要点4：hasgoneto,hasbeento,hasbeenin的区别。hasgoneto：表示某人已去了某地，而没有回来（去了没回）（不可与for+一段时间连用）hasbeento：表示去过某地（去过已回来）（不可与for+一段时间连用）hasbeenin/at（in表示相对大一些的地点；at表示相对小一些的地点）：表示一直呆在某地，常与时间段搭配（呆了很久）。①—Whereisyourfather?—HehasgonetoShanghai.他去上海了。②MyfatherhasbeentoShanghaitwice.我父亲去过上海两次。③IhavebeeninShanghaiforthreeyears.我到上海已经有3年了。Mr.Li________Kunming.He________thecitythreetimes.Thistimehe__________Kunmingforthreedays.A.hasbeento;hasgoneto;hasbeeninB.hasgoneto;hasbeento;hasbeeninC.hasbeenin;hasbeento;hasgonetoD.hasgoneto;hasbeenin;hasbeento词汇巩固1.________n.现在，目前；礼物→adj.目前的，现在的→vt.呈现；赠送2.________n.污染；污染物→pollutevt.污染3.________n.废料；废品→4.________adj.不可能的→possibleadj.可能的5._________vi.&vt.交流；传达→municationn.交流；交际6.________adv.正是，没错→exactadj.精确的7._________adj.已婚的→marryvt.&vi.结婚8._________adv.近来，最近→recentadj.最近的9._________adj.北方的，北部的→northn.北方l0._________adv.最近，上一次；最后→adj.最后的；最近的；最新的→vi.持续，维持短语巩固1._________________与某人分享/共用……3.__________________对……5.__________________出生6._________________一生7.___________________结婚8.__________________从那时起9.____________________……变成……10.__________________在某种程度上11.___________________不时，有时，偶尔12.___________________感到有点儿孤独13.__________________因为14.__________________听说15.__________________在过去16.__________________保持联系17.__________________出国18.__________________小学19.__________________与某人交流20.__________________发生21.__________________玩得高兴22.__________________流经23.__________________在……的北部24.__________________过……的生活25.__________________单独26.__________________搬家……放进……29.__________________居住条件30.__________________在某人的业余时间33.__________________享受舒服的生活34.__________________……什么样?37.__________________想要做某事38.__________________想要做某事……40.__________________在某方面花费……41.__________________习惯于(做)某事42.__________________被用于做某事43.__________________过去(常常)做某事44.__________________采取行动做某事巩固练习一、单项选择()1.―Doyourparentshavethesamehobby?―No.Myfatherlikesplayingchesswhilemymotherenjoysplayingpiano.A./;theB./;/C.the;/D.the;the()2.Gladtoseeyouagain.Ithasbeenalmostthreeyearswemetlasttime.A.untilB.beforeC.whileD.since()3.―Wouldyoulikesomemorefood?―No,thanks.Ienough.A.tohave;haveB.have;hadC.tohave;havehadD.tohave;hadhad()4.―IknowOldJoelives.―Wearesupposedtovisithimfromtimetotime.Then,hewon'tfeel.A.alone;aloneB.lonely;lonelyC.lonely;aloneD.alone;lonely()5.―Whyareyousotiredthesedays?―Well,Ihavehomeworktodo.A.toomuchB.toomanyC.muchtooD.manytoo()6.―It'susefulforthedeafpeopletolearnsignlanguage.―Yes,it'samajorwayofforthem.A.suggestionB.vacationC.productionD.munication()7.LifeneverstopschangingandIshouldlearnthechanges.Now,I'vegotusedtothebiketowork.A.accepting;ridingB.accepting;rideC.toaccept;ridingD.toaccept;ride()8.―Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,noteverything.―,youdidn'tsaythatjustnow.A.but;ButB.however;HoweverC.but;HoweverD.however;But()9.Therewillbeanintervtewthegreatplayerinthehallthisevening.A.toB.withC.atD.for()10.MyfatherhasgonetoBeijingonholiday.HetoNanjinguntilnextweek.A.willreturnC.willreturnbackB.won'treturnD.won'treturnback()11.―Whyarethewindowssodirty?―Becausewethemforalongtime.A.havecleanedB.haven'tcleanedC.didn'tcleanD.don'tclean()12.Iamsurprisedatthenewlookofmyhometown,foritalotovertheyears.A.changedB.changesC.willchangeD.haschanged()13.Dianausedtotowork,butnowsheisusedtobecausetheroadiscrowdedandshewantstokeepfit.A.drive;walkingB.drive;walkC.driving;walkD.driving;walking()14.theway,myhometownisquitedifferentfromwhatitwassomeways.A.In;inB.By;byC.In;byD.By;in()15.―Youlookreallybeautifulinthispinkdress,Sally.―.A.No,justsosoB.ThankyouC.Yes,I'msureD.Notatall二、完形填空TheKingwasknownforhiskindness.Hispeople1himandwereproudofhim.Once,theKingdecidedtobuildapalaceontheriverbank.Inafewdaysthepalacewasready.2showingthepalacetotheKing,theministerdecidedtotakeafinallook."Great!"theministersaid,3thepalace.Then4hiseyesfellonahut(小屋)justafewstepsawayfromthepalacegate."Whatisthisbutdoinghere?"shoutedtheminister."Sir,it5toanoldwoman.She6hereforalongtime,"repliedasoldier.Theministerwalkeduptothe7andspoketotheoldlady."Iwanttobuyyourhut.Youcanaskfor8,"hesaid."Iamsorry,sir.Icannot9youroffer.Mybutismoreexpensivetomethanmylife,"theoldladysaid.Theministertriedtotelltheoldladythatherhutwouldspoilthecharmofthenewpalace.Buttheoldlady10tosellherbuttotheKing.ThematterwasthentakentotheKing.TheKingthoughtforawhile,andthensaid,"Lettheoldladyhaveherhutwhereitis.Itwillonlyaddtothebeautyofthenewpalace."Thenturningtotheminister,theKingsaid,"Letusnotforgetthatwhatseemsuglytousmaybeprecioustosomeoneelse."()1.A.visitedB.leftC.lovedD.hated()2.A.BeforeB.AfterC.WhileD.Until()3.A.lookingatB.seeC.lookedatD.saw()4.A.slowlyB.suddenlyC.earlyD.happily()5.A.decidesB.hopesC.wantsD.belongs()6.A.livesB.willliveC.livedD.haslived()7.A.riverB.butC.soldierD.palace()8.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything()9.A.acceptB.receiveC.findD.pass()10.A.decidedB.agreedC.refusedD.wanted三、用所给单词的适当形式填空l.That'salargecityin___________(north)China.2.Theycanasktheir____________(marry)friends.3.Thelevelof____________(pollute)intheriverwasfalling4.Allhiseffortswere____________(waste).5.Itis_________(possible)formetoclimbsuchahighmountain.6.The____________(interview)wentwell.7Ihaveseenhim_____________(recent).8.Hispainis______________(past)now.9.Ithoughther_____________(last)bookwasoneofherbest.10.We___________(eat)upallthefood,butwestillfeelhungry.11.―AreAliceandTomstilllivinginNewYork's―No,theyhave(刚才)movedtoToronto.12.―Howmany(街区)arethereinyourhometown.Mike―Letmesee,one,two,three...Oh,aboutnine.13.It'sunfortabletoliveinthelowand(狭窄的)house.14.―TheInternetmakesourlifenicer,easierandmorecolourfulthan(以前).―Yes,Ilikeshoppingonline.15.Youshould(返回)thebookstothelibraryassoonaspossible.16.TomandIhavebeengoodfriendssincewewerein(小学教育的)school.17.I'vealwaysbeeninthiscityIwasborn.18.―Mary,doesyourcousingetmarried?―Yes.Herisaputerengineer.19.At,wecanflytoSeoulfromYanchenginadirectflight.20.Hehadanwiththefamousscientistlastweek.四、翻译句子1.他过去常常吸烟，是吗？(usedto)________________________________________________________________2.将这句话译成英文。(turn...into...)________________________________________________________________3.在某些方面你是对的。(insomeways)_________________________________________________________________4.他不时向我提出许多问题。(fromtimetotime)__________________________________________________________________5.我一生都想做一个诚实的人。(allone’slife)____________________________________________________________________6.对于政府来说采取行动来改善形势是必要的。(takeaction)It'snecessaryforthegovernment_________________________________________________.7.因为下雨他迟到了。(becauseof)Hewaslate________________________________________________________________.8.演唱会将在下月举行。(takeplace)Theconcert________________________________________________________nextmonth.9.多年以来，我们经常在网上彼此交流。(eachother)Weoften_______________________________________________________overtheyears.10.打开电视好吗？我想知道明天的天气预报。Wouldyouplease________________________theTV?Iwanttoknowthe______________fortomorrow.11.这部电视剧有助于你了解中国的过去和现在。12.他和以前一样经常跟朋友见面。13.在两个小时内完成这项工作是不可能的。14.学生们已经意识到了学习英语的重要性。15.我们最近没有听说过他，也没收到他的来信。参考答案核心词汇提炼巩固①B3.B4.Iamusedtodoingexerciseonceaweek.5.C6.①realize②cametrue7.Cslowly的比较级是在其前加more,abit是修饰slowly的比较级，放在前面。多音节和部分双音节的形容词副词的比较级在前面加more。8.（1）lonely,alone(2)B核心句型提炼巩固1.B重点语法—现在完成时要点2：BC要点3：Myunclehashadtherobotforthreemonths.要点4：B词汇巩固1.present2.pollution3.waste4.impossible5.municate6.exactly7.married8.recently9.northernl0.last短语巩固1.share...withsb.2.byundergrou